Smt. Anjali Gupta And 8 Others vs State Of Uttar Pradesh And Another
2023 Latest Caselaw 5645 ALL

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD
 
 

Court No. - 69
 
Case :- APPLICATION U/S 482 No. - 3334 of 2023
 
Applicant :- Smt. Anjali Gupta And 8 Others
 
Opposite Party :- State Of Uttar Pradesh And Another
 
Counsel for Applicant :- Prakhar Tandon
 
Counsel for Opposite Party :- G.A.
 
Hon'ble Samit Gopal,J.

1. Heard Sri Prakhar Tandon, learned counsel for the applicants, Ms. Arti Agarwal, learned counsel for the State and perused the material brought on record.

2. The present application U/S 482 Cr.P.C. has been filed by the applicants- Smt. Anjali Gupta, Smt. Seema Gupta, Smt. Deepika, Smt. Anju Gupta, Smt. Reeta Gupta, Vishal Gupta, Ansh Gupta, Shivam and Yashwardhan with the following prayer:-

"It is, therefore, most respectfully prayed that this Hon'ble Court may graciously be pleased to quash the summoning order dated 13.09.2022 U/s 323, 504, 506 I.P.C., Police Station Babu Purwa, District Kanpur Nagar passed by the learned Metropolitan Magistrate, Court No.3, Kanpur Nagar in Complaint Case No. 35551 of 2022, (Smt. Nutan Gupta vs. Vishal Gupta etc.) as well as the entire proceedings of the aforesaid Complaint Case No. 35551 of 2022 U/s 323, 504, 506 I.P.C., Police Station Babu Purwa, District Kanpur Nagar pending in the court of the learned Metropolitan Magistrate, Court No.3, Kanpur Nagar otherwise the applicant shall suffer a irreparable loss and injury.

Further, the proceedings of aforesaid Complaint Case No. 35551 of 2022 U/s 323, 504, 506 I.P.C., Police Station Babu Purwa, District Kanpur Nagar pending in the court of the learned Metropolitan Magistrate, Court No.3, Kanpur Nagar may be stayed during the pendency of the present criminal misc. application otherwise the applicants will suffer irreparable loss and injury."

3. The facts in the present case are that a complaint dated 01.07.2022 was filed by the opposite party no.2 against the applicants with the allegation that after the death of her mother-in-law the accused persons taking advantage of it were continuously torturing her so that she may leave the house along with her husband. On 09.06.2022 the accused persons at about 7.30 pm came to her, abused her and told her to immediately vacate the house which was resisted by her after which she was assaulted, threatened and household articles were broken. She has received injuries on her neck. She was also locked in a room. She informed her husband about it after which he came there and he was also assaulted. His gold chain which he was wearing broke and fell down which was picked up by the accused persons but they did not return it. She called police on Dial 112 number after which police came there and took her husband and devar to the police station but did not get her medically examined but only challaned her husband and devar under section 151 Cr.P.C. Subsequently again on 22.06.2022 at about 9.00 pm Vishal (devar), Anajali Gupta (nand), Seema Gupta and Yashwardhan finding the complainant alone in the house came inside, abused her and assaulted her. They broke her mobile phone also. She somehow ran to the other room and saved herself. Her devar went inside the room and tore her clothes. She somehow managed to save herself. Her husband was not present at the place at that time. In support of the said complaint, the complainant was examined u/s 200 Cr.P.C. and her witnesses namely Pooja Saini and Madhu Gupta were examined u/s 202 Cr.P.C. after which the trial court vide its order dated 13.09.2022 has summoned the applicants u/s 323, 504, 506 I.P.C.

4. Learned counsel for the applicants argued that the applicants have been falsely implicated in the present case. It is argued that the allegations as levelled are general in nature. The present allegations are totally false allegations. It is argued that in so far as Vishal (devar) / applicant no.6 is concerned, the complainant in her statement u/s 202 Cr.P.C. has stated of his being involved in the incident of 22.06.2022. It is argued that there is no eye-witness of the incident. The proceedings are abuse of process of Court. Learned counsel has further argued that the complainant is the sister-in-law of the applicant nos. 1 to 6. It is argued that the proceedings as initiated are clearly an abuse of process of court only because of some dispute with regards to property between the parties. It is argued that the trial court did not appreciate the matter in its true prospective and has summoned the applicants in an arbitrary manner vide order dated 13.09.2022. Learned counsel argued that the witnesses of the complainant namely Pooja Saini and Madhu Gupta although are of the locality but there was no occasion for them to be present and give their statements of implication of the applicants. It is argued that proceedings be thus quashed.

5. Per contra, learned counsel for the State opposed the prayer for quashing and argued that the applicants are named in the complaint and there are allegations against them. The present complaint has been lodged against two incidents being on 09.06.2022 and then on 22.06.2022. The complainant has stated to have received injuries and being assaulted. Even factum of the incident gets fortified from the fact that police had at some stage come and challaned the husband of the complainant and her devar under section 151 Cr.P.C. It is argued that prima facie offence is made out and as such the present application be dismissed.

6. After hearing the learned counsel for the parties and perusing the records, it is evident that the applicants are named in the complaint, statement of the complainant recorded u/s 200 Cr.P.C. and her witnesses u/s 202 Cr.P.C. There are allegations against them. In so far as the truthfulness of the version of the complainant is concerned, the same cannot be seen and judged at this stage. The same needs to be put up in trial for an evidence about it. In so far as the malafides are concerned, it is trite law that malafides of the complainant cannot be a good ground for quashing of the proceedings. There are allegations against the applicants. Further there are allegations, it cannot be said that no offence is made out. The trial court vide its order impugned has returned a finding that prima facie offence is made out.

7. The Apex Court in the case of State of M.P. v. Awadh Kishore Gupta : (2004) 1 SCC 691 has in paragraphs 8 to 13 has held that High Court cannot appreciate evidence but can evaluate material and documents on records to the extent of its prima facie satisfaction about existence of sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused, it is not proper for High Court to act upon documents annexed to the petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C. and the annexures to the petition cannot be termed as evidence without being tested and proved. The same read as under:

"8. Exercise of power under Section 482 of the Code in a case of this nature is an exception and not the rule. The section does not confer any new powers on the High Court. It only saves the inherent power which the Court possessed before the enactment of the Code. It envisages three circumstances under which the inherent jurisdiction may be exercised, namely, (i) to give effect to an order under the Code, (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of court, and (iii) to otherwise secure the ends of justice. It is neither possible nor desirable to lay down any inflexible rule which would govern the exercise of inherent jurisdiction. No legislative enactment dealing with procedure can provide for all cases that may possibly arise. Courts, therefore, have inherent powers apart from express provisions of law which are necessary for proper discharge of functions and duties imposed upon them by law. That is the doctrine which finds expression in the section which merely recognizes and preserves inherent powers of the High Courts. All courts, whether civil or criminal, possess, in the absence of any express provision, as inherent in their constitution, all such powers as are necessary to do the right and to undo a wrong in the course of administration of justice on the principle quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, concedere videtur id sine quo res ipsa esse non potest (when the law gives a person anything it gives him that without which it cannot exist). While exercising powers under the section, the Court does not function as a court of appeal or revision. Inherent jurisdiction under the section though wide has to be exercised sparingly, carefully and with caution and only when such exercise is justified by the tests specifically laid down in the section itself. It is to be exercised ex debito justitiae to do real and substantial justice for the administration of which alone courts exist. Authority of the court exists for advancement of justice and if any attempt is made to abuse that authority so as to produce injustice, the court has power to prevent such abuse. It would be an abuse of process of the court to allow any action which would result in injustice and prevent promotion of justice. In exercise of the powers, court would be justified to quash any proceeding if it finds that initiation/continuance of it amounts to abuse of the process of court or quashing of these proceedings would otherwise serve the ends of justice. When no offence is disclosed by the complaint, the court may examine the question of fact. When a complaint is sought to be quashed, it is permissible to look into the materials to assess what the complainant has alleged and whether any offence is made out even if the allegations are accepted in toto.

9. In R.P. Kapur v. State of Punjab [AIR 1960 SC 866 : 1960 Cri LJ 1239] this Court summarized some categories of cases where inherent power can and should be exercised to quash the proceedings:

(i) where it manifestly appears that there is a legal bar against the institution or continuance e.g. want of sanction;

(ii) where the allegations in the first information report or complaint taken at their face value and accepted in their entirety do not constitute the offence alleged;

(iii) where the allegations constitute an offence, but there is no legal evidence adduced or the evidence adduced clearly or manifestly fails to prove the charge.

(AIR para 6)

10. In dealing with the last case, it is important to bear in mind the distinction between a case where there is no legal evidence or where there is evidence which is clearly inconsistent with the accusations made, and a case where there is legal evidence which, on appreciation, may or may not support the accusations. When exercising jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Code, the High Court would not ordinarily embark upon an enquiry whether the evidence in question is reliable or not or whether on a reasonable appreciation of it accusation would not be sustained. That is the function of the trial Judge. Judicial process, no doubt, should not be an instrument of oppression or needless harassment. Court should be circumspect and judicious in exercising discretion and should take all relevant facts and circumstances into consideration before issuing process, lest it would be an instrument in the hands of a private complainant to unleash vendetta to harass any person needlessly. At the same time the section is not an instrument handed over to an accused to short-circuit a prosecution and bring about its sudden death. The scope of exercise of power under Section 482 of the Code and the categories of cases where the High Court may exercise its power under it relating to cognizable offences to prevent abuse of process of any court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice were set out in some detail by this Court in State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal [1992 Supp (1) SCC 335 : 1992 SCC (Cri) 426] . A note of caution was, however, added that the power should be exercised sparingly and that too in the rarest of the rare cases. The illustrative categories indicated by this Court are as follows : (SCC pp. 378-79, para 102)

"(1) Where the allegations made in the first information report or the complaint, even if they are taken at their face value and accepted in their entirety do not prima facie constitute any offence or make out a case against the accused.

(2) Where the allegations in the first information report and other materials, if any, accompanying the FIR do not disclose a cognizable offence, justifying an investigation by police officers under Section 156(1) of the Code except under an order of a Magistrate within the purview of Section 155(2) of the Code.

(3) Where the uncontroverted allegations made in the FIR or complaint and the evidence collected in support of the same do not disclose the commission of any offence and make out a case against the accused.

(4) Where, the allegations in the FIR do not constitute a cognizable offence but constitute only a non-cognizable offence, no investigation is permitted by a police officer without an order of a Magistrate as contemplated under Section 155(2) of the Code.

(5) Where the allegations made in the FIR or complaint are so absurd and inherently improbable on the basis of which no prudent person can ever reach a just conclusion that there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused.

(6) Where there is an express legal bar engrafted in any of the provisions of the Code or the Act concerned (under which a criminal proceeding is instituted) to the institution and continuance of the proceedings and/or where there is a specific provision in the Code or the Act concerned, providing efficacious redress for the grievance of the aggrieved party.

(7) Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly attended with mala fides and/or where the proceeding is maliciously instituted with an ulterior motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him due to private and personal grudge."

11. As noted above, the powers possessed by the High Court under Section 482 of the Code are very wide and the very plenitude of the power requires great caution in its exercise. Court must be careful to see that its decision in exercise of this power is based on sound principles. The inherent power should not be exercised to stifle a legitimate prosecution. The High Court being the highest court of a State should normally refrain from giving a prima facie decision in a case where the entire facts are incomplete and hazy, more so, when the evidence has not been collected and produced before the Court and the issues involved, whether factual or legal, are of magnitude and cannot be seen in their true perspective without sufficient material. Of course, no hard-and-fast rule can be laid down in regard to cases in which the High Court will exercise its extraordinary jurisdiction of quashing the proceedings at any stage. (See Janata Dal v. H.S. Chowdhary [(1992) 4 SCC 305 : 1993 SCC (Cri) 36 : AIR 1993 SC 892] and Raghubir Saran (Dr) v. State of Bihar [AIR 1964 SC 1 : (1964) 1 Cri LJ 1] .) It would not be proper for the High Court to analyse the case of the complainant in the light of all probabilities in order to determine whether a conviction would be sustainable and on such premises, arrive at a conclusion that the proceedings are to be quashed. It would be erroneous to assess the material before it and conclude that the complaint cannot be proceeded with. In proceedings instituted on complaint, exercise of the inherent powers to quash the proceedings is called for only in a case where the complaint does not disclose any offence or is frivolous, vexatious or oppressive. If the allegations set out in the complaint do not constitute the offence of which cognizance has been taken by the Magistrate, it is open to the High Court to quash the same in exercise of the inherent powers under Section 482 of the Code. It is not, however, necessary that there should be meticulous analysis of the case before the trial to find out whether the case would end in conviction or acquittal. The complaint has to be read as a whole. If it appears that on consideration of the allegations in the light of the statement made on oath of the complainant that the ingredients of the offence or offences are disclosed and there is no material to show that the complaint is mala fide, frivolous or vexatious, in that event there would be no justification for interference by the High Court. When an information is lodged at the police station and an offence is registered, then the mala fides of the informant would be of secondary importance. It is the material collected during the investigation and evidence led in the court which decide the fate of the accused person. The allegations of mala fides against the informant are of no consequence and cannot by itself be the basis for quashing the proceedings. [See Dhanalakshmi v. R. Prasanna Kumar [1990 Supp SCC 686 : 1991 SCC (Cri) 142 : AIR 1990 SC 494], State of Bihar v. P.P. Sharma [1992 Supp (1) SCC 222 : 1992 SCC (Cri) 192], Rupan Deol Bajaj v. Kanwar Pal Singh Gill [(1995) 6 SCC 194 : 1995 SCC (Cri) 1059], State of Kerala v. O.C. Kuttan [(1999) 2 SCC 651 : 1999 SCC (Cri) 304], State of U.P. v. O.P. Sharma [(1996) 7 SCC 705 : 1996 SCC (Cri) 497], Rashmi Kumar v. Mahesh Kumar Bhada [(1997) 2 SCC 397 : 1997 SCC (Cri) 415], Satvinder Kaur v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi) [(1999) 8 SCC 728 : 1999 SCC (Cri) 1503] and Rajesh Bajaj v. State NCT of Delhi [(1999) 3 SCC 259 : 1999 SCC (Cri) 401 : AIR 1999 SC 1216].]

(emphasis supplied)

12. These aspects were also highlighted in State of Karnataka v. M. Devendrappa [(2002) 3 SCC 89 : 2002 SCC (Cri) 539] .

13. It is to be noted that the investigation was not complete and at that stage it was impermissible for the High Court to look into materials, the acceptability of which is essentially a matter for trial. While exercising jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Code, it is not permissible for the Court to act as if it was a trial Judge. Even when charge is framed at that stage, the Court has to only prima facie be satisfied about existence of sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused. For that limited purpose, the Court can evaluate material and documents on records but it cannot appreciate evidence. The Court is not required to appreciate evidence to conclude whether the materials produced are sufficient or not for convicting the accused. In Chand Dhawan v. Jawahar Lal [(1992) 3 SCC 317 : 1992 SCC (Cri) 636] it was observed that when the materials relied upon by a party are required to be proved, no inference can be drawn on the basis of those materials to conclude the complaint to be unacceptable. The Court should not act on annexures to the petitions under Section 482 of the Code, which cannot be termed as evidence without being tested and proved. When the factual position of the case at hand is considered in the light of principles of law highlighted, the inevitable conclusion is that the High Court was not justified in quashing the investigation and proceedings in the connected case (Crime No. 116 of 1994) registered by the Special Police Establishment, Lokayukta, Gwalior. We set aside the impugned judgment. The State shall be at liberty to proceed in the matter further.

(emphasis supplied)"

8. In the case of U.P. Pollution Control Board Vs. Bhupendra Kumar Modi : (2009) 2 SCC 147, Fiona Shrikhande Vs. State of Maharashtra : (2013) 14 SCC 44, Sonu Gua Vs. Deepak Gupta and others : (2015) 3 SCC 424 it has been held by the Apex Court that while issuing summons to accused u/s 204 Cr.P.C. the Magistrate has only to see whether allegations made in complaint are prima facie sufficient to proceed against the accused. Magistrate need not enquire into merits or demerits of case.

9. In the cases of Bhushan Kumar Vs. State of NCT of Delhi : (2012) 2 SCC 424, Nupur Talwar Vs. CBI : (2012) 11 SCC 465, Dy. Chief Controller Vs. Roshanlal Agarwal : (2003) 4 SCC 139 and Kanti Bhadra Shah Vs. State of W.B. : (2000) 1 SCC 722 it has been held by the Apex Court that in determining the question whether any process is to be issued or not, what the Magistrate has to be satisfied is whether any process is to be issued or not, what the Magistrate has to be satisfied is whether there is sufficient ground for proceeding and not whether there is sufficient ground for conviction. Whether the evidence is adequate for supporting the conviction, can be determined only at the trial and not at the stage of enquiry. At the stage of issuing the process to the accused, the Magistrate is not required to record reasons. There is no legal requirement imposed on a magistrate for passing detailed order while issuing summons. The process issued to accused cannot be quashed merely on the ground that the Magistrate had not passed a speaking order. Section 204 Cr.P.C. does not mandate the Magistrate to explicitly state the reasons for issuance of summons.

10. Further in the case of Priti Saraf & anr. Vs. State of NCT of Delhi & anr. : 2021 SCC Online SC 206 the Apex Court while considering the powers under Section 482 Cr.P.C. relying upon the judgements rendered by the Apex Court in the cases of State of Haryana and Others Vs. Bhajan Lal and Others : (1992) Suppl (1) SCC 335 and Arnab Manoranjan Goswami Vs. State of Maharashtra and Others : (2021) 2 SCC 427 has held that the exercise of inherent power of the High Court is an extraordinary power which has to be exercised with great care and circumspection before embarking to scrutinise the complaint/FIR/charge-sheet in deciding whether the case is the rarest of rare case, to scuttle the prosecution at its inception. It has further been held that existence of a civil remedy and initiation of it will not in any manner be an abuse of process of the court for exercising inherent powers of the High Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C. for quashing such proceedings.

11. Thus, it is trite law that at the stage of quashing only the material of the prosecution has to be seen and the court cannot delve into the defence of the accused and then proceed to examine the matter on its merit by weighing the evidence so produced. The disputed questions of facts of the case cannot be adjudged and adjudicated at this stage while exercising powers under Section 482 Cr.P.C. and only the prima facie prosecution case has to be looked into and as it is. Evidence needs to be led to substantiate the defence of the accused.

12. Looking to the facts of the case, the prima facie allegation against the applicants and the law as stated above, no case for interference is made out. The present application under Section 482 Cr.P.C. is thus dismissed.

Order Date :- 21.2.2023

AS Rathore/E-court

(Samit Gopal,J.)