Code of Civil Procedure, Svt. 1977 (1920 A.D.)

(Act No. 10 of Svt. 1977)

JK040

[Sanctioned by His Highness the Maharaja Sahib Bahadur, per Chief Minister's Endorsement No. 8372, dated 11th September, 1920 read with State Council Resolution No. 1, dated 8th April, 1925, (notification No. 14-L/81.)]

An Act to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the procedure of the Courts of Civil Judicature.

Whereas it is expedient to consolidate and amend the laws relating to the procedure of the Courts of Civil Judicature; It is hereby enacted as follows:—

Preliminary

1. Short title, extent and commencement.—(i) This Act may be cited as Code of Civil Procedure (Act X of Svt. 1977).

(ii) It extends to the whole of Jammu and Kashmir State. It shall come into force on the 1st day of Baisakh, 1978.

2. Definitions—In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context -

(1) "Code" includes rules;

(2) "decree" means the formal expression of an adjudication which, so far as regards the Court expressing it, conclusively determines the rights of the parties with regard to all or any of the matters in controversy in the suit and may be either preliminary or final. It shall be deemed to include the rejection of a plaint and the determination of any question within [***] section 144, but shall not include-

(a) any adjudication from which an appeal lies as an appeal from an order, or

(b) any order of dismissal for default.

Explanation.—A decree is preliminary when further proceedings have to be taken before the suit can be completely disposed of. It is final when such adjudication completely disposes of the suit. It may be partly preliminary and partly final;

(3) "decree-holder" means any person in whose favour a decree has been passed or an order capable of execution has been made;

(4) "district" means the local limits of the jurisdiction of a principal Civil Court or original jurisdiction (hereinafter called a "District Court");

[(5) "foreign Court" means a Court situate beyond the limits of India which has no authority in India and is not established or continued by the Central Government of India];

(6) "foreign judgment" means the judgment of a foreign Court;

(7) "Government Pleader" includes any officer appointed by [the Government] to perform all or any of the functions expressly imposed by this Code on the Government Pleader and also any pleader acting under the directions of the Government Pleader;

(8) "Judge" means the presiding officer of a Civil Court;

(9) "Judgment" means the statement given by the Judge of the grounds of a decree or order;

(10) "judgment-debtor" means the person against whom a decree has been passed or an order capable of execution has been made;

(11) "legal representative" means a person who in law represents the estate of a deceased person, and includes any person who inter-meddles with the estate of the deceased and where a party sues or is sued in a representative character the person on whom the estate devolves on the death of the party so suing or sued;

(12) "mesne profits" of property means those profits which the person in wrongful possession of such property actually received or might with ordinary diligence have received therefrom, together with interest on such profits, but shall not include profits due to improvements made by the person in wrongful possession;

(13) "movable property" includes growing crops;

(14) "order" means the formal expression of any decision of a Civil Court which is not a decree;

(15) "pleader" means any person entitled to appear and plead for another in Court, and includes an advocate, a vakil and [any attorney of the High Court].

(16) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules;

(17) "public officer" means a person falling under any of the following descriptions, namely:

(a) every judge;

(b) omitted;

(c) every commissioned or gazetted officer in the military forces of the Union;

(d) every officer of a Court of Justice whose duty it is, as such officer, to investigate or report on any matter of law or fact, or to make, authenticate or keep any document, or to take charge or dispose of any property, or to execute any judicial process, or to administer any oath, or to interpret, or to preserve order, in the Court, and every person especially authorised by a Court of Justice to perform any of such duties;

(e) every person who holds any office by virtue of which he is empowered to place or keep any person in confinement;

(f) every officer of the Government whose duty it is, as such officer, to prevent offences, to give information of offences, to bring offender to justice, or to protect the public health, safety or convenience;

(g) every officer whose duty it is, as such officer, to take, receive, keep or expend any property on behalf of the Government, or to make any survey, assessment or contract on behalf of the Government, or to execute any revenue-process, or to investigate, or to report on, any matter affecting the pecuniary interest of the Government, or to make, authenticate or keep any document relating to the pecuniary interests of the Government, or to prevent the infraction of any law for the protection of the pecuniary interests of the Government; and

(h) every officer in the service or pay of the Government or, remunerated by fees or commission for the performance of any public duty.

(18) "rules" means rules and forms contained in the First Schedule or made under section 122;

(19) "share in a corporation" shall be deemed to include stock, debenture stock, debentures or bonds; and

(20) "signed" save in the case of a judgment or decree, includes stamped.

3. Subordination of Courts.—For the purposes of this Code, the District Court is subordinate to the High Court, and every Civil Court of a grade inferior to that of a District Court and every Court of Small Causes insubordinate to the High Court and District Court.
4. Savings.—(1) In the absence of any specific provision to the contrary, nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any special or local law now in force or any special jurisdiction or power conferred, or any special form of procedure prescribed, by or under any other law for the time being in force.

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the proposition contained in sub-section (1), nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any remedy which a landholder or landlord may have under any law for the time being in force for the recovery of rent of agricultural land from the produce of such land.

5. Application of the Code to Revenue Courts.—(1) Where any Revenue Courts are governed by the provisions of this Code in those matters of procedure upon which any special enactment applicable to them is silent, [the Government]may, by notification in the Government Gazette, declare that any portions of those provisions which are not expressly made applicable by this Code shall not apply to those Courts, or shall only apply to them with such modifications as [the Government may prescribe].

(2) "Revenue Court" in sub-section (1) means a Court having jurisdiction under any local law to entertain suits or other proceedings relating to the rent, revenue or profits of land used for agricultural purposes, but does not include a Civil Court having original jurisdiction under this Code to try such suits or proceedings as being suits or proceedings of a civil nature.

6. Pecuniary jurisdiction.—Save in so far as is otherwise expressly provided, nothing herein contained shall operate to give any court jurisdiction over suits the amount or value of the subject matter of which exceeds the pecuniary limits (if any) of its ordinary jurisdiction.
7. Small Cause Courts.—The following provisions shall not extend to Courts constituted under the Small Cause Courts Act, or to courts exercising the jurisdiction of a Court of Small Causes under that Act, that is to say,-

(a) so much of the body of the Code as relates to

(i) suits excepted from the cognizance of a Court of Small Causes;

(ii) the execution of decrees in such suits;

(iii) the execution of decrees against immovable property; and

(b) the following sections, that is to say-

section 9,

sections 91 and 92,

sections 94 and 95 so far as they [authorise or relate to

(i) orders for the attachment of immovable property,

(ii) injunctions,

(iii) the appointment of a receiver of immovable property, or

(iv) the interlocutory orders referred to in clause (e) of section 94], and sections 96 to 112 and 115.

8. Omitted.

Part I

Suits in General Jurisdiction of the Courts and Res Judicata

9. Courts to try all civil suits unless barred.—The Courts shall (subject to the provisions herein contained) have jurisdiction to try all suits of a civil nature excepting suits of which their cognizance is either expressly or impliedly barred.

Explanations I.— A suit in which the right to property or to an office is contested is a suit of a civil nature, notwithstanding that such right may depend entirely on the decision of questions as to religious rites or ceremonies.

[Explanation II.—For the purposes of this section it is immaterial whether or not any fees are attached to the office referred to in Explanation I or whether or not such office is attached to a particular place.]

10. Stay of suit.—No Court shall proceed with the trial of any suit in which the matter in issue is also directly and substantially in issue in a previously instituted suit between the same parties or between parties under whom they or any of them claim litigating under the same title where such suit is pending in the same or any other Court in the State having jurisdiction to grant the relief claimed.

Explanation.— The pendency of a suit in a foreign Court does not preclude the Courts in the State from trying a suit founded on the same cause of action.

11. Resjudicata—No Court shall try any suit or issue in which the matter directly and substantially in issue has been directly and substantially in issue in a former suit between the same parties, or between parties under whom they or any of them claim, litigating under the same title, in a Court competent to try such subsequent suit or the suit in which such issue has been subsequently raised , and has been heard and finally decided by such Court.

Explanation I.— The expression "former suit" shall denote a suit which has been decided prior to the suit in question whether or not it was instituted prior thereto.

Explanation II.— For the purposes of this section, the competence of a Court shall be determined irrespective of any provisions as to a right of appeal from the decision of such Court.

Explanation III.— The matter above referred to must in the former suit have been alleged by one party and either denied or admitted, expressly or impliedly, by the other.

Explanation IV.— Any matter which might and ought to have been made ground of defence or attack in such former suit shall be deemed to have been a matter directly and substantially in issue in such suit.

Explanation V.— Any relief claimed in the plaint, which is not expressly granted by the decree, shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to have been refused.

Explanation VI.— Where persons litigate bona fide in respect of a public right or a private right claimed in common for themselves and others, all persons interested in such right shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to claim under the persons litigating.

Explanation VII.— Where a party to a civil suit, sets up or relies on a pedigree, or on the legitimacy or the genuineness or validity of the adoption of any person, including himself and the question of such pedigree, legitimacy or adoption is put directly and substantially in issue, and is, after a full and regular trial, decided against such party, then as regards such question or issue the party's descendants, heirs, executors, administrators or assigns shall in any future litigation be deemed to claim under him.

Explanation VIII.— Where a party to a suit claims certain immovable property to be his and the Court decides that it is not his, such decision shall be binding on him and those claiming under him, in any future litigation in which he or they claim, as plaintiff or applicant, or plaintiffs or applicants, the property as against a person or persons in possession or occupation of it.

[Explanation IX.— The provisions of this section shall apply to a proceeding for the execution of a decree and references in this section to any suit, issue or former suit shall be construed as references, respectively, to a proceeding for the execution of the decree, question arising in such proceeding and a former proceeding for the execution of that decree.

Explanation X.— An issue heard and finally decided by a Court of limited jurisdiction, competent to decide such issue, shall operate as res judicata in a subsequent suit, notwithstanding that such Court of limited jurisdiction was not competent to try such subsequent suit or the suit in which such issue has been subsequently raised].

12. Bar to further suit.—Where a plaintiff is precluded by rules from instituting a further suit in respect of any particular cause of action, he shall not be entitled to institute a suit in respect of such cause of action in any Court to which this Code applies.
13. When foreign judgment not conclusive.—A foreign judgment shall be conclusive as to any matter thereby directly adjudicated upon between the same parties or between parties under whom they or any of them claim litigating under the same title except—

(a) where it has not been pronounced by a court of competent jurisdiction;

(b) where it has not been given on the merits of the case;

(c) where it appears on the face of the proceedings to be founded on an incorrect view of international law or a refusal to recognise the law of the State in cases in which such law is applicable;

(d) where the proceedings in which the judgment was obtained are opposed to natural justice;

(e) where it has been obtained by fraud;

(f) where it sustains a claim founded on a breach of any law in force in the State.

14. Presumption as to foreign judgment.—The Court shall presume, upon the production of any document purporting to be a certified copy of a foreign judgment, that such judgment was pronounced by a Court of competent jurisdiction, unless the contrary appears on the record; but such presumption may be displaced by proving want of jurisdiction.

Place of Suing

15. Court in which suits to be instituted.—Every suit shall be instituted in the Court of the lowest grade competent to try it.
16. Suit to be instituted where subject-matter situate.—Subject to the pecuniary or other limitations prescribed by any law, suits

(a) for recovery of immovable property with or without rent or profits,

(b) for the partition of immovable property,

(c) for foreclosure, sale or redemption in the case of a mortgage of or charge upon immovable property,

(d) for the determination of any other right to or interest in immovable property,

(e) for compensation for wrong to immovable property,

(f) for the recovery of movable property actually under distraint or attachment,

shall be instituted in the Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the property is situate:

Provided that a suit to obtain relief respecting, or compensation for wrong to, immovable property held by or on behalf of the defendant may, where the relief sought can be entirely obtained through his personal obedience, be instituted either in the Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the property is situate, or in the Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the defendant actually and voluntarily resides, or carries on business, or personally works for gain.

Explanation.— In this section "property" means property situate in the State.

17. Suits for immovable property situate within jurisdiction of different Courts—Where a suit is to obtain relief respecting, or compensation for wrong to, immovable property situate within the jurisdiction of different Courts, the suit may be instituted in any Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction any portion of the property is situate:

Provided that, in respect of the value of the subject matter of the suit, the entire claim is cognizable by such Court.

18. Place of institution of suit where local limits of jurisdiction of Courts are uncertain—(1) Where it is alleged to be uncertain within the local limits of the jurisdiction of which of two or more Courts any immovable property is situate, any one of those Courts may, if satisfied that there is ground for the alleged uncertainty, record a statement to that effect and thereupon proceed to entertain and dispose of any suit relating to that property, and its decree in the suit shall have the same effect as if the property were situate within the local limits of its jurisdiction:

Provided that the suit is one with respect to which the Court is competent as regards the nature and value of the suit to exercise jurisdiction.

(2) Where a statement has not been recorded under sub-section(1), and an objection is taken before an appellate or revisional Court that a decree or order in a suit relating to such property was made by a Court not having jurisdiction where the property is situate, the appellate or revisional Court shall not allow the objection unless in its opinion there was, at the time of the institution of the suit, no reasonable ground for uncertainty as to the Court having jurisdiction with respect thereto and there has been consequent failure of justice.

19. Suit for compensation for wrongs to person or movables—Where a suit is for compensation for wrong done to the person or to movable property, if the wrong was done within the local limits of the jurisdiction of one Court and the defendant resides, or carries on business, or personally works for gain, within the local limits of the jurisdiction of another Court, the suit may be instituted at the option of the plaintiff in either of the said Courts.

Illustrations

(a) A, residing in Delhi, beats B in Calcutta. B may sue A either in Calcutta or in Delhi.

(b) A, residing in Delhi, published in Calcutta statements defamatory of B. B may sue A either in Calcutta or in Delhi.

20. Other suits to be instituted where defendants reside or cause of action arises—Subject to the limitations aforesaid, every suit shall be instituted in a Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction

(a) the defendant, or each of the defendants where there are more than one, at the time of the commencement of the suit, actually and voluntarily resides, or carries on business, or personally works for gain; or

(b) any of the defendants, where there are more than one, at the time of the commencement of the suit, actually and voluntarily resides, or carries on business, or personally works for gain; provided that in such case either the leave of the Court is given, or the defendants who do not reside, or carry on business, or personally work for gain, as aforesaid, acquiesce in such institution; or

(c) the cause of action, wholly or in part, arises.

[Explanation]. — A corporation shall be deemed to carry on business at its sole or principal office in[the State] or, in respect of any cause of action arising at any place where it has also a subordinate office, at such place.

Illustrations

(a) A is a tradesman in Calcutta, B carries on business in Delhi. B by his agent in Calcutta, buys goods of A and requests A to deliver them to the East Indian Railway Company. A delivers the goods accordingly in Calcutta. A may sue B for the price of the goods either in Calcutta, where the cause of action has arisen in Delhi, where B carries on business.

(b) A resides at Shimla, B at Calcutta and C at Delhi. A,B and C being together at Benares, B and C make a joint promissory note payable on demand, and deliver it to A. A may sue B and C at Benares, where the cause of action arose. He may also sue them at Calcutta, where B resides, or at Delhi, where C resides; but in each of these cases, if the non-resident defendant objects, the suit cannot proceed without the leave of the Court.

21. Objections to jurisdiction—[(1) No objection as to the place of suing shall be allowed by any appellate or revisional Court unless such objection was taken in the Court of first instance at the earliest possible opportunity and in all cases where issues are settled at or before such settlement, and unless there has been a consequent failure of justice.

(2) No objection as to the competence of a Court with reference to the pecuniary limits of its jurisdiction shall be allowed by any Appellate or Revisional Court unless such objection was taken in the Court of first instance at the earliest possible opportunity, and, in all cases where issues are settled, at or before such settlement, and unless there has been a consequent failure of justice.

(3) No objection as to the competence of the executing Court with reference to the local limits of its jurisdiction shall be allowed by any Appellate or Revisional Court unless such objection was taken in the executing Court at the earliest possible opportunity, and unless there has been a consequent failure of justice.]

[21-A. Bar on suit to set aside decree on objection as to place of suing—No suit shall lie challenging the validity of a decree passed in a former suit between the same parties, or between the parties under whom they or any of them claim, litigating under the same title, on any ground based on an objection as to the place of suing.

Explanation.— The expression "former suit" means a suit which has been decided prior to the decision in the suit in which the validity of the decree is questioned, whether or not the previously decided suit was instituted prior to the suit in which the validity of such decree is questioned].

22. Power to transfer suits which may be instituted in more than one Court—Where a suit may be instituted in any of two or more Courts and is instituted in one of such Courts, any defendant, after notice to the other parties, may,at the earliest possible opportunity and in all cases where issues are settled at or before such settlement, apply to have the suit transferred to another Court, and the Court to which such application is made, after considering the objections of the other parties (if any), shall determine in which of the several Courts having jurisdiction the suit shall proceed.
23. To what Court application lies—(1) Where the several Courts having jurisdiction are subordinate to the same appellate Court, an application under section 22 shall be made to the appellate Court.

(2) Where such Courts are subordinate to different appellate Courts, the application shall be made to the High Court.

24. General power of transfer and withdrawal—(1) On the application of any of the parties and after notice to the parties and after hearing such of them as desire to be heard, or of its own motion without such notice, the High Court or the District Court may at any stage-

(a) transfer any suit, appeal or other proceeding pending before it for trial or disposal to any Court subordinate to it and competent to try or dispose of the same, or

(b) withdraw any suit, appeal or other proceeding pending in any Court subordinate to it, and

(i) try or dispose of the same; or

(ii) transfer the same for trial or disposal to any Court subordinate to it and competent to try or dispose of the same; or

(iii) re-transfer the same for trial or disposal to the Court from which it was withdrawn.

(2) Where any suit or proceeding has been transferred or withdrawn under sub-section (1), the Court which [is thereafter to try or dispose of such suit or proceeding] may, subject to any special directions in the case of an order of transfer, either retry it or proceed from the point at which it was transferred or withdrawn.

[(3) For the purposes of this section,-

(a) Court of Additional and Assistant Judges shall be deemed to be subordinate to the District Court;

(b) "proceeding" includes a Proceeding for the execution of a decree or order.]

(4) The Court trying any suit transferred or withdrawn under this section from a Court of Small Causes shall, for the purposes of such suit, be deemed to be a Court of Small Causes.

[(5) A suit or proceeding may be transferred under this section from a court which has no jurisdiction to try it.]

25. Omitted

Institution of Suits

26. Institution of suit.—[(1)] Every suit shall be instituted by the presentation of a plaint or in such other manner as may be prescribed.
27. Summons to defendants.—Where a suit has been duly instituted, a summons may be issued to the defendant to appear and answer the claim and may be served in manner prescribed [on such day not beyond thirty days from date of the institution of the suit].

[28. Service of summons where defendant resides in another State in India—Summons or other process issued by a Civil or Revenue Court in the Jammu and Kashmir State may be sent for service in another State in India to such Court and in such manner as may be prescribed by rules in force in that State.

29. Service of summons of a Court in India in the Jammu and Kashmir State.—If a summons or other process is received for service by a Court in the Jammu and Kashmir State from a Court situate in a State in India, such Court shall upon receipt thereof, proceed as if it has been issued by such Court and shall then return the summons or other process to the Court of issue together with the record (if any) of its proceedings with regard thereto].
30. Power to order discovery and the like—Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, the Court may, at any time, either of its own motion or on the application of any party,-

(a) make such orders as may be necessary or reasonable in all matters relating to the delivery and answering of interrogatories, the admission of documents and facts, and the discovery, inspection, production, impounding and return of documents or other material objects producible as evidence;

(b) issue summonses to persons whose attendance is required either to give evidence or to produce documents or such other objects as aforesaid;

(c) order any fact to be proved by affidavit.

31. Summons to witness—The provisions in section 27 shall apply to summonses to give evidence or to produce documents or other material objects.
32. Penalty for default—The Court may compel the attendance of any person to whom a summons has been issued under section 30 and for that purpose may—

(a) issue a warrant for his arrest;

(b) attach and sell his property;

(c) impose a fine upon him not exceeding [five thousand rupees];

(d) order him to furnish security for his appearance and in default commit him to the civil prison.

Judgment and Decree

33. Judgment and decree—The Court, after the case has been heard, shall pronounce judgment, and on such judgment a decree shall follow.

Interest

34. Interest—(1) Where and in so far as decree is for the payment of money, the Court may, in decree, order interest at such rate as the Court deems reasonable to be paid on the principal sum adjudged, from the date of the suit to the date of the decree, in addition to any interest adjudged on such principal sum for any period prior to the institution of the suit, with further interest at such rate as the Court deems reasonable on the aggregate sum so adjudged, from the date of the decree to the date of payment or to such earlier date as the Court thinks fit:

[Provided that where the liability in relation to the sum so adjudged had arisen out of a commercial transaction, the rate of such further interest may exceed six percent, per annum, but shall not exceed the contractual rate of interest or where there is no contractual rate, the rate at which moneys are lent or advanced by nationalised banks in relation to commercial transactions.

Explanation I.— In this sub-section "nationalised bank" means a corresponding new bank as defined in the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970.

Explanation II.— For the purposes of this section, a transaction is a commercial transaction, if it is connected with the industry, trade or business of the party incurring the liability.]

(2) Where such a decree is silent with respect to the payment of further interest on such aggregate sum as aforesaid from the date of the decree to the date of payment or other earlier date, the Court shall be deemed to have refused such interest, and a separate suit therefore shall not lie.

Costs

35. Costs.—(1) Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, and to the provisions of any law for the time being in force, the costs of and, incident to all suits shall be in the discretion of the Court, and the Court shall have full power to determine by whom or out of what property and to what extent such costs are to be paid, and to give all necessary directions for the purposes aforesaid. The fact that the Court has no jurisdiction to try the suit shall be no bar to the exercise of such powers.

(2) Where the Court directs that any costs shall not follow the event, the Court shall state its reasons in writing.

(3) The Court may give interest on costs at any rate not exceeding six percent per annum, and such interest shall be added to the costs and shall be recoverable as such.

[35-A. Compensatory costs in respect of false or vexatious claims or defences.—(1) If in any suit or other proceeding,] [not being an appeal, or revision] any party objects to the claim or defence on the ground that the claim or defence or any part of it is, as against the objector, false or vexatious to the knowledge of the party by whom it has been put forward, and if thereafter as against the objector, such claim or defence is disallowed, abandoned or withdrawn in whole or in part, the Court, if the objection has been taken at the earliest opportunity and if it is satisfied of the justice thereof may, after recording its reasons for holding such claim or defence to be false or vexatious, make an order for the payment to the objector, by the party by whom such claim or defence has been put forward, of costs by way of compensation.

(2) No court shall make any such order for the payment of an amount exceeding [three thousand rupees] or exceeding the limits of its pecuniary jurisdiction, whichever amount is less:

Provided that where the pecuniary limits of the jurisdiction of any Court exercising the jurisdiction of a Court of Small Causes under the Small Cause Courts Act, 1968, and not being a Court constituted under that Act are less than two hundred and fifty rupees, the High Court may empower such Court to award as costs under this section any amount not exceeding two hundred and fifty rupees and not exceeding those limits by more than one hundred rupees:

Provided further that the High Court may limit the amount which any Court or class of Courts is empowered to award as costs under this section.

(3) No person against whom any order has been made under this section shall, by reason thereof, be exempted from any criminal liability in respect of any claim or defence made by him.

(4) The amount of any compensation awarded under this section in respect of a false or vexatious claim or defence shall be taken into account in any subsequent suit for damages or compensation in respect of such claim or defence.

[35-B. Costs for causing delay.—(1) If, on any date fixed for the hearing of a suit or for taking any step therein, a party to the suit

(a) fails to take the step which he was required by or under this Code to take on that date, or

(b) obtains an adjournment for taking such step or for producing evidence or on any other ground, the court may, for reasons to be recorded, make an order requiring such party to pay to the other party such costs as would, in the opinion of the court, be reasonably sufficient to reimburse the other party in respect of the expenses incurred by him in attending the Court on the date, and payment of such costs, on the date next following the date of such order, shall be a condition precedent to the further prosecution of-

(a) the suit by the plaintiff, where the plaintiff was ordered to pay such costs,

(b) the defence by the defendant, where the defendant was ordered to pay such costs.

Explanation.— Where separate defences have been raised by the defendants or groups of defendants, payment of such costs shall be a condition precedent to the further prosecution of the defence by such defendants or groups of defendants as have been ordered by the Court to pay such costs.

(2) The costs, ordered to be paid under sub-section (1), shall not, if paid be included in the costs awarded in the decree passed in the suit; but if such costs are not paid, a separate order shall be drawn up indicating the amount of such costs and names and addresses of the persons by whom such costs are payable and the order so drawn up shall be executable against such persons].

Part II

Execution

General

[36. Application to orders.—The provisions of this Code relating to the execution of decrees (including provision relating to payment under a decree) shall, so far as they are applicable, be deemed to apply to the execution of orders (including payment under an order)].

37. Definition of Court which passed a decree—The expression "Court which passed a decree", or words to that effect, shall, in relation to the execution of decrees, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context, be deemed to include,-

(a) where the decree to be executed has been passed in the exercise of appellate jurisdiction, the court of first instance; and

(b) where the Court of first instance has ceased to exist or to have jurisdiction to execute it, the Court which, if the suit wherein the decree was passed was instituted at the time of making the application for the execution of the decree, would have jurisdiction to try such suit.

[Explanation. — The Court of first instance does not cease to have jurisdiction to execute a decree merely on the ground that after the institution of the suit wherein the decree was passed or after the passing of the decree, any area has been transferred from the jurisdiction of that Court to the jurisdiction of any other Court; but in every such case, such other Court shall also have jurisdiction to execute the decree, if at the time of making the application for execution of the decree it would have jurisdiction to try the said suit].

Court by which Decrees may be Executed.

38. Court by which decree may be executed—A decree may be executed either by the Court which passed it, or by the Court to which it is sent for execution.
39. Transfer of decree.—(1) The Court which passed a decree may, on the application of the decree-holder, send it for execution to another Court [of competent jurisdiction.-]

(a) if the person against whom the decree is passed actually and voluntarily reside or carries on business, or personally works for gain, within the local limits of the jurisdiction of such other Court, or

(b) if such person has not property within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court which passed the decree sufficient to satisfy such decree and has property within the local limits of the jurisdiction of such other Court, or

(c) if the decree directs the sale or delivery of immovable property situate outside the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court which passed it, or

(d) if the Court which passed the decree considers for any other reason, which it shall record in writing, that the decree should be executed by such other Court.

(2) The Court which passed a decree may of its own motion send it for execution to any subordinate Court of competent jurisdiction.

[(3) For the purposes of this section, a Court shall be deemed to be a Court of competent jurisdiction if, at the time of making the application for the transfer of decree to it, such Court would have jurisdiction to try the suit in which such decree was passed].

40. Omitted
41. Result of execution proceedings to be certified.—The Court to which a decree is sent for execution shall certify to the Court which passed it the fact of such execution or where the former Court fails to execute the same the circumstances attending such failure.
42. Powers of Court in executing transferred decree.—[(1) The Court executing a decree sent to it shall have the same powers in executing such decree as if it had been passed by itself. All persons disobeying or obstructing the execution of the decree shall be punishable by such Court in the same manner as if it had passed the decree. And its order in executing such decree shall be subject to the same rules in respect of appeal as if the decree had been passed by itself.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section (1), the powers of the Court under that sub-section shall include the following powers of the Court which passed the decree, namely:

(a) power to send the decree for execution to another Court under section 39;

(b) power to execute the decree against the legal representative of the deceased judgment-debtor under section 50;

(c) power to order attachment of a decree.

(3) A court passing an order in exercise of the powers specified in sub-section (2) shall send a copy thereof to the Court which passed the decree.

(4) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to confer on the Court to which a decree is sent for execution any of the following powers, namely:

(a) power to order execution at the instance of the transferee of the decree;

(b) in the case of decree passed against a firm, power to grant leave to execute such decree against any person, other than such a person as is referred to in clause (b), or clause (c) of sub-rule (1) of rule 50 of Order XXI].

[43. Omitted]

[44. Execution of decrees passed by Courts in other States in India—The Government may, by notification in the Government Gazette, declare that decrees of any Civil or Revenue Court situate in India beyond the limits of the Jammu and Kashmir State or of any Court established or continued by the authority of the Central Government of India outside India or any class of such decrees may be executed in the State as if they had been passed by Courts of the State]

[45. Execution of decrees passed by Courts in reciprocating territory—(1) Where a certified copy of a decree of the Superior Courts, of any reciprocating territory has been filed in a District Court, the decree may be executed in the State as if it had been passed by the District Court.

(2) Together with the certified copy of the decree shall be filed a certificate from such Superior Court stating the extent, if any, to which the decree has been satisfied or adjusted and such certificate shall, for the purposes of proceedings under this section, be conclusive proof of the extent of such satisfaction or adjustment.

(3) The provisions of section 47 shall as from the filing of the certified copy of the decree apply to proceedings of a District Court executing a decree under this section, and the District Court shall refuse execution of any such decree, if it is shown to the satisfaction of the Court that the decree falls within any of the exceptions specified in clauses (a) to (f) of section 13.

Explanation 1.— "Reciprocating territory" means any country or territory outside India which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare to be a reciprocating territory for the purposes of section 44-A of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Central), and "Superior Courts" with reference to any such territory, means such Courts as may be specified in the said notification.

Explanation 2.— "Decree" with reference to a Superior Court means any decree or judgment of such Court under which a sum of money is payable, not being a sum payable in respect of taxes or other charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine or other penalty, but shall in no case include an arbitration award, even if such an award is enforceable as a decree or judgment] .

46. Precepts—(1) Upon the application of the decree-holder the Court which passed the decree may, whenever it thinks fit, issue a precept to any other Court which would be competent to execute such decree to attach any property belonging to the judgment-debtor and specified in the precept.

(2) The Court to which precept is sent shall proceed to attach the property in the manner prescribed in regard to the attachment of property in execution of a decree:

Provided that no attachment under a precept shall continue for more than two months unless the period of attachment is extended by an order of the Court which passed the decree or unless before the determination of such attachment the decree has been transferred to the Court by which the attachment has been made and the decree-holder has applied for an order for the sale of such property.

Questions to be Determined by Court Executing Decree

47. Questions to be determined by the Court executing decree—(1) All questions arising between the parties to the suit in which the decree was passed, or their representatives, and relating to the execution, discharge or satisfaction of the decree, shall be determined by the Court executing decree and not by a separate suit.

[***]

(3) Where a question arises as to whether any person is or is not the representative of a party, such question shall, for the purposes of this section, be determined by the Court.

[Explanation I.— For the purposes of this section, a plaintiff whose suit has been dismissed and a defendant against whom a suit has been dismissed are parties to the suit.

Explanation II— (a) For the purposes of this section, a purchaser of property at a sale in execution of a decree shall be deemed to be a party to the suit in which decree is passed; and

(b) all questions relating to the delivery of possession of such property to such purchaser or his representative shall be deemed to be questions relating to the execution, discharge or satisfaction of the decree within the meaning of this section.]

Limit of Time for Execution

48. Execution barred in certain cases—(1) Where an application to execute a decree not being a decree granting an injunction has been made, no order for the execution of the same decree shall be made upon any fresh application presented after the expiration of twelve years from-

(a) the date of the decree sought to be executed, or

(b) where the decree or any subsequent order directs any payment of money or the delivery of any property to be made at a certain date or at recurring periods, the date of the default in making the payment or delivery in respect of 'which the applicant seeks to execute the decree.

(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed

(a) to preclude the Court from ordering the execution of a decree upon an application presented after the expiration of the said term of twelve years, where the judgment-debtor has, by fraud or force, prevented the execution of the decree at some time within twelve years immediately before the date of the application;

(b) Omitted.

[Exception.— In application for execution of a decree against an evacuee, whether passed singly against him or jointly with a person other than an evacuee, the period from 6th Poh, 2005 to 21st Bhadon, 2006 and the time during which the Jammu and Kashmir Evacuees' (Administration of property) Act Svt. 2006 remains in force shall be excluded from the period of twelve years prescribed in this section].

Transferees and Legal Representatives

49. Transferee—Every transferee of a decree shall hold the same subject to the equities (if any) which the judgment-debtor might have enforced against the original decree-holder.
50. Legal representatives—(1) Where a judgment-debtor dies before the decree has been fully satisfied, the holder of the decree may apply to the Court which passed it to execute the same against the legal representatives of the deceased.

(2) Where the decree is executed against such legal representative, he shall be liable only to the extent of the property of the deceased which has come to his hands and has not been duly disposed of and, for the purpose of ascertaining such liability, the Court executing the decree may, of its own motion or on the application of the decree-holder, compel such legal representative to produce such accounts as it thinks fit.

Procedure in Execution

51. Powers of Court to enforce execution—Subject to such condition and limitations as may be prescribed, the Court may, on the application of the decree-holder, order execution of the decree-

(a) by delivery of any property specifically decreed;

(b) by attachment and sale or by sale without attachment of any property;

(c) by arrest and detention in prison [for such period not exceeding the period specified in section 58, where arrest and detention is permissible under that section];

(d) by appointing a receiver; or

(e) in such other manner as the nature of the relief granted may require:

[Provided that where the decree is for the payment of money, execution by detention in prison shall not be ordered unless, after giving the judgment-debtor an opportunity of showing cause why he should not be committed to prison, the Court, for reasons recorded in writing, is satisfied

(a) that the judgment-debtor, with the object or effect of obstructing or delaying the execution of the decree,-

(i) is likely to abscond or leave the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court, or

(ii) has, after the institution of the suit or within one year prior to such institution in which the decree was passed, dishonestly transferred, concealed, or removed any part of his property, or committed any other act of bad faith in relation to his property; or

(b) that the judgment-debtor has or has had since the date of the decree the means to pay the amount of the decree or some substantial part thereof and refuses or neglects or has refused or neglected to pay the same; or

(c) that the decree is for a sum for which the judgment-debtor was bound in a fiduciary capacity to account.

Explanation.— In the calculation of the means of the judgment-debtor for the purposes of clause (b) there shall be left out of account any property which by or under any law or custom having the force of law for the time being in force is exempt from attachment in execution of the decree].

52. Enforcement of decree against legal representative—(1) Where a decree is passed against a party as the legal representative of a deceased person, and the decree is for the payment of money out of the property of the deceased, it may be executed by the attachment and sale of any such property.

(2) Where no such property remains in the possession of the judgment-debtor and he fails to satisfy the Court that he has duly applied such property of the deceased as is proved to have come into his possession, the decree may be executed against the judgment-debtor to the extent of the property in respect of which he has failed so to satisfy the Court in the same manner as if the decree had been against him personally.

53. Liability of ancestral property—For the purposes of section 50 and section 52, property in the hands of a son or other descendant which is liable under Hindu law for the payment of the debt of deceased ancestor, in respect of which a decree has been passed, shall be deemed to be property of the deceased which has come to the hands of the son or other descendant as his legal representative.
54. Partition of estate or separation of share—Where the decree is for the partition of an undivided estate assessed to the payment of revenue to the Government, or for the separate possession of a share of such an estate, the partition of the estate or the separation of the share shall be made by the Collector or any gazetted subordinate of the Collector deputed by him in this behalf, in accordance with the law (if any) for the time being in force relating to the partition, or the separate possession of shares, of such estate.

Arrest and Detention

55. Arrest and detention—(1) A judgement-debtor may be arrested in execution of a decree at any hour and on any day, and shall as soon as practicable, be brought before the Court, and his detention may be in the civil prison of the district in which the Court ordering the detention is situate, or where such civil prison does not afford suitable accommodation, in any other place which [the Government] may appoint for the detention of persons ordered by the Courts of such district to be detained:

Provided, firstly, that, for the purpose of making an arrest under this section, no dwelling-house shall be entered after sunset and before sunrise:

Provided, secondly, that no outer door of a dwelling-house shall be broken open unless such dwelling-house is in the occupancy of the judgment-debtor and he refuses or in any way prevents access thereto but when the officer authorised to make the arrest has duly gained access to any dwelling-house, he may break open the door of any rooms in which he has reason to believe the judgment-debtor is to be found:

Provided, thirdly, that, if the room is in the actual occupancy of a woman who is not the judgment-debtor and who according to the customs of the country does not appear in public, the officer authorised to make the arrest shall give notice to her that she is at liberty to withdraw, and after allowing a reasonable time for her to withdraw and giving her reasonable facility for withdrawing, may enter the room for the purpose of making the arrest:

Provided, fourthly, that where the decree in execution of which a judgment-debtor is arrested, is a decree for the payment of money and the judgment-debtor pays the amount of the decree and the costs of the arrest to the officer arresting him, such officer shall at once release him.

(2) [The Government] may, by notification in the Government Gazette, declare that any person or class of persons whose arrest might be attended with danger or inconvenience to the public shall not be liable to arrest in execution of a decree otherwise than in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed by [the Government] in this behalf.

(3) Where a judgment-debtor is arrested in execution of a decree for the payment of money and brought before the Court, the Court shall inform him that he may apply under the law for the relief of insolvent judgment-debtors and that he will be discharged if he has not committed any act of bad faith regarding the subject of the application and if he complies with the provisions of the law of insolvency for the time being in force.

(4)Repealed.]

56. Prohibition of arrest or detention of women in execution of decree for money—Notwithstanding anything in this part, the Court shall not order the arrest or detention in the civil prison of a woman in execution of a decree for the payment of money.
57. Subsistence allowance—[The Government] may fix scales, graduated according to rank, race and nationally, of monthly allowances payable for the subsistence of judgment-debtors.
58. Detention and release—(1) Every person detained in execution of a decree shall be so detained,-

(a) where the decree is for the payment of a sum of money exceeding [five thousand rupees], for a period of not exceeding three months, and;

[(b) where the decree is for the payment of a sum of money exceeding two thousand rupees, but not exceeding five thousand rupees, for a period not exceeding six weeks]:

Provided that he shall be released from such detention before the expiration of the said period of detention,

(i) on the amount mentioned in the warrant for his detention being paid to the officer-in-charge of the civil prison, or

(ii) on the decree against him being otherwise fully satisfied, or

(iii) on the request of the person on whose application he has been so detained, or

(iv) on the omission by the person, on whose application he has been so detained, to pay subsistence allowance:

Provided also that he shall not be released from such detention under clause (ii) or clause (iii) without the order of the Court.

[(1-A) For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that no order for detention of the judgment-debtor in civil prison in execution of a decree for the payment of money shall be made, where the total amount of the decree does not exceed] [two thousand rupees].

(2) A judgment-debtor released from detention under this section shall not merely by reason of his release be discharged from his debt, but he shall not be liable to be re-arrested under the decree in execution of which he was detained in civil prison.

59. Release on ground of illness—(1) At any time after a warrant for the arrest of a judgment-debtor has been issued the Court may cancel it on the ground of his serious illness.

(2) Where a judgment-debtor has been arrested, the Court may release him if, in its opinion, he is not in a fit state of health to be detained in the civil prison.

(3) Where a judgment-debtor has been committed to the civil prison, he may be released therefrom

(a) by [the Government] on the ground of the existence of any infectious or contagious disease, or

(b) by the committing Court, or any Court to which that Court is subordinate, on the ground of his suffering from any serious illness.

(4) A judgment-debtor released under this section may be re-arrested, but the period of his detention in the civil prison shall riot in the aggregate exceed that prescribed by section 58.

Attachment

60. Property liable to attachment and sale in execution of decree—(1) The following property is liable to attachment and sale in execution of a decree, namely, lands, houses or other buildings, goods, money, bank notes, cheques, bills of exchange, hundies, promissory notes, Government securities, bonds or other securities for money ,debts, shares in a corporation and save as hereinafter mentioned, all other saleable property, movable or immovable, belonging to the judgment-debtor, or over which, or the profits of which, he has a disposing power which he may exercise for his own benefit, whether the same be held in the name of the judgment-debtor or by another person in trust for him or on his behalf:

Provided that the following particulars shall not be liable to such attachment or sale, namely:

(a) the necessary wearing -apparel, cooking vessels, beds and bedding of the judgment-debtor, his wife and children, and such personal ornaments, as in accordance with religious usage, cannot be parted with by any woman, such as the gold nose ring of a woman during coverture;

(b) tools of artizans, and, where the judgment-debtor is an agriculturist, his implements of husbandry and such cattle and seed-grains as may, in the opinion of the Court, be necessary to enable him to earn his livelihood as such, and such portion of agricultural produce or of any class of agricultural produce as may have been declared to be free liability under the provisions of the next following section:

[Provided that a tractor, pumping set and other like machine held by an agriculturist under a hire-purchase agreement may be attached and sold in execution of a decree obtained on the basis of such agreement by the other party thereto or by any person claiming under such party]

[(bb) one milch cow and her calf, the latter only so long as it is necessary for milking the cow;]

(c) the residential house and houses used for agricultural purposes (with the materials and the sites thereof and the land immediately appurtenant thereto and necessary for their enjoyment) belonging to [an agriculturist or a labourer or a domestic servant];

(c.1) houses of Kamins of a village;

(c.2) Araziat Maqbuza assamian maurusi wa malikan; but not an arazi malyari Sagzari in Srinagar, which is exempted from payment of revenue;

[Explanation.— Araziat maqbuza assamian maurusi wa malikan include lands held by owners and occupancy tenants whether cultivated directly or through tenants at will;]

(c.3) such portions of the house sought to be attached as may be necessary for the residence of the widow of a judgment-debtor:

Provided, firstly, that accommodation is not available in some other house forming part of the estate of the deceased;

Secondly, that the reservation is to be only for life time of the widow and during her widowhood and that she would have no right to make any transfer by mortgage, sale or otherwise;

(c.4) A gharat or water-mill for grinding corn;

(c.5) A kuthar or an sanduq-i-shali;

(d) books of account;

(e) a mere right to sue for damages;

(f) any right of personal service;

(g) stipends and gratuities allowed to pensioners of the Government [or of a local authority or of any other employer] and political pensions;

(h) allowances (being less than salary) of any public officer or of any servant of a railway company or local authority while absent from duty;

(i) the salary or allowances equal to salary of any such public officer or servant as is referred to in clause (h), while on duty, to the extent of

[(i) salary to the extent of the first one thousand rupees and two-thirds of the remainder in execution of any decree other than a decree for maintenance;]

[(ia) one-third of the salary in execution of any decree for maintenance;]

(ii) two hundred rupees monthly, where the salary exceeds [two hundred rupees] and does not exceed [four hundred rupees] monthly; and

(iii) one moiety of the salary in any other case:

[Provided that where any part of such portion of the salary, as is liable to attachment has been under attachment, whether continuously or intermittently, for a total period of twenty-four months, such portion shall be exempt from attachment until the expiry of a further period of twelve months, and, where such attachment has been made in execution of one and the same decree, shall, after the attachment has continued for a total period of twenty-four months, be finally exempt from attachment in execution of that decree.]

[(j) the pay and allowances of persons to whom the Air Force Act, 1950, or the Army Act, 1950, or the Navy Act, 1957, applies;]

(k) all deposits and other sums in or derived from any fund to which the Public Provident Fund Act, Svt. 1998, for the time being applies, in so far as they are declared by the said Act as not to be liable to attachment;

(k-a) all moneys payable under a policy of insurance on the life of the judgment-debtor;

(k-b) the interest of a lessee of a residential building to which the provisions of law for the time being in force relating to control of rents and accommodation apply;

(1) the wages of labourers and domestic servants whether payable in money or in kind;

(m) an expectancy of succession by survivor-ship or other merely contingent or possible right or interest;

(n) a right to future maintenance;

(o) Omitted;

(p) where the judgment-debtor is a person liable for the payment of land revenue, any movable property which under any law for the time being applicable to him, is exempt from sale for the recovery of an arrear of such revenue;

[***]

3. Substituted by Act XI of 1983, w.e.f. 15.8.1983.[Explanation I.— The moneys payable in relation to the matters mentioned in clauses (g), (h), (i) and (j) are exempt from attachment or sale, whether before or after they are actually payable, and, in the case of salary, the attachable portion thereof is liable to attachment, whether before or after it is actually payable.

(1-A) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, an agreement by which a person agrees to waive the benefit of any exemption under this section shall be void.]

4. Substituted by Act VI of 2009, dated 20.3.2009.[(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to exempt houses and other buildings (with the materials and the sites thereof and the lands immediately appurtenant thereto and necessary for their enjoyment) from attachment or sale in execution of decrees for rent of any such house, building, site or land.]
5. Partial exemption of agricultural produce—1. Substituted for "His Highness" by Act X of 1996.[The Government] may, by general or special order published in the Government Gazette, declare that such portion of agricultural produce, or of any class of agricultural produce, as may appear to 62. Seizure of property in dwelling-house [the Government] to be necessary for the purpose of providing until the next harvest for the due cultivation of the land and for the support of the judgment-debtor and his family, shall, in the case of all agriculturists, or of any class of agriculturists, be exempted from liability to attachment or sale in execution of a decree.
6. Seizure of property in dwelling-house—(1) No person executing any process under this Code directing or authorizing seizure of movable property shall enter any dwelling-house after sunset and before sunrise.

(2) No outer door of a dwelling-house shall be broken open unless such dwelling-house is in the occupancy of the judgment-debtor and he refuses or in any way prevents access thereto, but when the person executing any such process has duly gained access to any dwelling-house, he may break open the door of any room in which he has reason to believe any such property to be.

(3) Where a room in a dwelling-house is in the actual occupancy of a woman who, according to the customs of the country, does not appear in public, the person executing the process shall give notice to such woman that she is at liberty to withdraw; and after allowing reasonable time for her to withdraw and giving her reasonable facility for withdrawing , he may enter such room for the purpose of seizing the property, using at the same time every precaution, consistent with these provisions, to prevent its clandestine removal.

63. Property attached in execution of decrees of several Courts—(1) Where property not in the custody of any Court is under attachment in execution of decrees of more Courts than one the Court which shall receive or realise such property and shall determine any claim thereto and any objection to the attachment thereof shall be the Court of highest grade, or, where there is no difference in grade between such Courts, the Court under whose decree the property was first attached.

(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to invalidate any proceeding taken by a Court executing one of such decrees.

1. Inserted by Act No. XI of 1983, section 20 (w.e.f. 15-8-1983).[Explanation.— For the purpose of sub-section (2), "Proceeding taken by a Court", does not include an order allowing, to a decree-holder who has purchased property at a sale held in execution of a decree, set off to the extent of the purchase price payable by him).
2. Private alienation of property after attachment to be void—Where an attachment has been made, any private transfer or delivery of the property attached or of any interest therein and any payment to the judgment-debtor of any debt, dividend or other moneys contrary to such attachment, shall be void as against all claims enforceable under the attachment.

Explanation.— For the purpose of this section, claims enforceable under an attachment include claims for the rateable distribution of assets.

Sale

65. Purchaser's title—Where immovable property is sold in execution of a decree and such sale has become absolute, the property shall be deemed to have vested in the purchaser from the time when the property is sold and not from the time when the sale becomes absolute.
66. Suit against purchaser not maintainable on ground of purchase being on behalf of plaintiff—(1) No suit shall be maintained against any person claiming title under a purchase certified by the Court in such manner as may be prescribed on the ground that the purchase was made on behalf of the plaintiff or on behalf of some one through whom the plaintiff claims 2. Inserted by Act No, XI of 1983, section 20 (w.e.f. 15-8-1983).[and in any suit by a person claiming title under purchase so certified, the defendant shall not be allowed to plead that the purchase was made on his behalf or on behalf of someone through whom the defendant claims.]

(2) Nothing in this section shall bar a suit to obtain a declaration that the name of any purchaser certified as aforesaid was inserted in the certificate fraudulently or without the consent of the real purchaser, or interfere with the right of a third person to proceed against that property, though ostensibly sold to the certified purchaser, on the ground that it is liable to satisfy a claim of such third person against the real owner.

67. Power of Government to make rules as to sales of land in execution of decrees for payment of money—(1) 3. Substituted for "His Highness" by Act No. X of 1996.[The Government] may, by notification in the Government Gazette, make rules for any local area imposing conditions in respect of the sale of any class of interests in land in execution of decrees for the payment of money, where such interests are so uncertain or undetermined as, in the opinion of 1. Substituted for "His Highness" by Act X of 1996.[the Government], to make it impossible to fix their value.

(2) When on the date on which this Code comes into operation, any special rules as to sale of land in execution of decrees are in force in any local area, 2. Substituted for "His Highness" by Act X of 1996.[the Government] may, by notification in the Government Gazette, declare such rules to be in force, or may, by a like notification, modify the same.

Every notification issued in the exercise of powers under this sub-section shall set out the rules so continued or modified.

Delegation to Collector of Power to Execute Decrees Against Immovable Property

68. Power to prescribe rules for transferring to Collector execution of certain decrees—3. Substituted for "His Highness" by Act X of 1996.[The Government] may declare, by notification in the Government Gazette, that in any local area the execution of decrees in cases in which a Court has ordered any immovable property to be sold, or the execution of any particular kind of such decrees, or the execution of decrees ordering the sale of any particular kind of, or interest in, immovable property, shall be transferred to the Collector. From the day on which this Act comes into force, no decree shall be transferred to the Collector unless and until 4. Substituted for "His Highness" by Act X of 1996.[the Government] has made a declaration as required by this section.
69. Provisions of Third Schedule to apply—The provisions set forth in the Third Schedule shall apply to all cases in which the execution of a decree has been transferred under the last preceding section.
70. Rules of procedure—(1) 5. Substituted for "His Highness" by Act No. X of 1996.[The Government] may make rules consistent with the aforesaid provisions

(a) for the transmission of the decree from the Court to the Collector, and for regulating the procedure of the Collector and his subordinates in executing the same, and for retransmitting the decree from the Collector to the Court;

(b) conferring upon the Collector or any gazetted subordinate of the Collector all or any of the powers which the Court might exercise in the execution of the decree if the execution thereof had not been transferred to the Collector;

(c) providing for orders made by the Collector or any gazetted subordinate of the Collector, or orders made on appeal with respect to such orders, being subject to appeal to, and revision by, superior revenue-authorities as nearly as may be as the orders made by the Court, or orders made on appeal with respect to such orders, would be subject to appeal to, and revision by, appellate or revisional Courts under this Code or other law for the time being in force if the decree had not been transferred to the Collector.

(2) Jurisdiction of Civil Courts barred.— A power conferred by rules made under sub-section (1) upon the Collector or any gazetted subordinate of the Collector, or upon any appellate or revisional authority, shall not be exercisable by the Court or by any Court in exercise of any appellate or revisional jurisdiction which it has with respect to decrees or orders of the Court.

71. Collector deemed to be acting judicially—In executing a decree transferred to the Collector under section 68 the Collector and his subordinates shall be deemed to be acting judicially.
72. Where Court may authorise Collector to stay public sale of land—(1) Where in any local area in which no declaration under section 68 is in force the property attached consists of land or of a share in land, and the Collector represents to the Court that the public sale of the land or share is objectionable and that the satisfaction of the decree may be made within a reasonable period by a temporary alienation of the land or share, the Court may authorise the Collector to provide for such satisfaction in the manner recommended by him instead of proceeding to a sale of the land or share.

(2) In every such case, the provisions of sections 69 to 71 and of any rules made in pursuance thereof shall apply so far as they are applicable.

Distribution of Assets

73. Proceeds of execution sale to be rate ably distributed among decree-holders—(1) Where assets are held by a Court and more persons than one have before the receipt of such assets, made application to the Court for the execution of decrees for the payment of money passed against the same judgment-debtor and have not obtained satisfaction thereof, the assets, after deducting the costs of realization, shall be rate-ably distributed among all such persons:

Provided as follows:-

(a) where any property is sold subject to a mortgage or charge, the mortgagee or encumbrancer shall not be entitled to share in any surplus arising from such sale;

(b) where any property liable to be sold in execution of a decree is subject to a mortgage or charge, the Court may, with the consent of the mortgagee or Encumbrancer, order that the property be sold free from the mortgage or charge, giving to the mortgagee or encumbrancer the same interest in the proceeds of the sale as he had in the property sold;

(c) where any immovable property is sold in execution of a decree ordering its sale for the discharge of an encumbrancer thereon the proceeds of sale shall be applied

first, in defraying the expenses of the sale;

secondly, in discharging the amount due under the decree;

thirdly, in discharging the interest and principal moneys due on subsequent encumbrances (if any); and

fourthly, rateably among the holders of decrees for the payment of money against the judgment-debtor, who have, prior to the sale of the property, applied to the Court which passed the decree ordering such sale for execution of such decrees, and have not obtained satisfaction thereof.

(2) Where all or any of the assets liable to be rateably distributed under this section are paid to a person not entitled to receive the same, any person so entitled may sue such person to compel him to refund the assets.

(3) Nothing in this section affects any right of the Government.

Resistance to Execution

74. Resistance to execution—Where the Court is satisfied that the holder of a decree for the possession of immovable property or that the purchaser of immovable property sold in execution of a decree has been resisted or obstructed in obtaining possession of the property by the judgment-debtor or some person on his behalf and that such resistance or obstruction was without any just cause, the Court may, at the instance of the decree-holder or purchaser, order the judgment-debtor or such other person to be detained in the civil prison for a term which may extend to thirty days and may further direct that the decree-holder or purchaser be put into possession of the property.

Part III

Incidental Proceedings Commissions

75. Power of Court to issue commission—Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, the Court may issue a commission

(a) to examine any person;

(b) to make a local investigation;

(c) to examine or adjust accounts; or

(d) to make a partition;

[(e) to hold a scientific, technical, or expert investigation;

(f) to conduct sale of property which is subject to speedy and natural decay and which is in the custody of the Court pending the determination of the suit;

(g) to perform any ministerial act].

76. Commission to another Court—[(1) A commission for the examination of a person may be issued to any private person or to any Court in the State or to any Court not being High Court situate in the Indian Union or beyond the limits of the Indian Union but continued by the authority of the Government of India or to a Court situate in any part of the Common Wealth other than the Indian Union or to a Court of any foreign country for the time being in alliance with the Government of India.]

(2) Every Court receiving a commission for the examination of any person under sub-section (1) shall examine him or cause him to be examined pursuant thereto, and the commission, when it has been duly executed, shall be returned together with the evidence taken under it to the Court from which it was issued, unless the order for issuing the commission has otherwise directed, in which case the commission shall be returned in terms of such order.

77. Letter of request—In lieu of issuing a commission the Court may issue a letter of request to examine a witness residing at any place within the State.
78. Commission issued by foreign Courts—[Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed,] the provisions as to the execution and return of commissions for the examination of witness shall apply to commissions issued by or at the instance of]

[(a) Courts situate in or beyond the limits of Indian Union and established or continued by the authority of the Government of India, or

(b) Courts situate in any part of the Commonwealth other than the Indian Union,] or

(c) Courts of any foreign country [* * *].

Part IV

Suits in Particular Cases

Suits By or Against [The Government] or Public Officers in their Official Capacity

[79. Suits by or against Government—In a suit by or against the Government the authority to be named as plaintiff or defendant, as the case may be, shall be "the State of Jammu and Kashmir"].

[80. Notice]—[(1) Save as otherwise provided in sub-section (3), no suit shall be instituted against the Government or against a public officer in respect of any act purporting to be done by such public officer in his official capacity, until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been in the case of the Government, delivered to, or left at the office of [Secretary to Government in charge of the concerned Department] and, in the case of a public officer, delivered to him or left at his office, stating the cause of action the name, description and place of residence of the plaintiff and the relief which he claims; and plaint shall contain a statement that such notice has been so delivered or left.]

[(2) No suit shall be instituted against the Government of India, the Government of any other State in India, or the Government of any Union territory, until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been delivered to, or left at the office of-

(a) in the case of a suit against the Government of India, a Secretary to that Government; and

(b) in the case of a suit against the Government of any other State, or the Government of any Union Territory, in India, a Secretary to that Government or the Collector of the district in that Government,

stating the cause of action , the name, description and place of residence of the plaintiff and the relief which he claims, and the plaint shall contain a statement that the notice has been so delivered or left.]

[(2-A) Where a notice is delivered to, or left at the office of, any officer specified under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the officer shall cause the notice to be examined and send reply to the notice given before expiry of a period of two months from the date of its receipt.

(2-B) Where the officer concerned fails to send the reply or sends an evasive and vague reply, he shall be subject to disciplinary action in accordance with the rules for failure to discharge the statutory obligation.]

[(3) A suit to obtain an urgent or immediate relief against the Government (including the Government of India, the Government of any other State in India or the Government of any Union Territory), or any public officer in respect of any act purporting to be done by such public officer in his official capacity, may be instituted, with the leave of the Court, without serving any notice as required by sub-section (1); but the Court shall not grant relief in the suit, whether interim or otherwise except after giving to the Government or public officer, as the case maybe, reasonable opportunity of showing cause in respect of the relief prayed for in the suit:

Provided that the Court shall, if it is satisfied, after hearing the parties, that no urgent or immediate relief need be granted in the suit, return the plaint for presentation to it after complying with the requirements of sub-section (1).

(4) No suit instituted against the Government or against a public officer in respect of any act purporting to be done by such public officer in his official capacity shall be dismissed merely by reason of any error or defect in the notice referred to sub-section (1), if in such notice.

(a) the name, description and the residence of the plaintiff had been so given as to enable the appropriate authority or the public officer to identify the person serving the notice and such notice had been delivered or left at the office of the appropriate authority specified in sub-section (1),and

(b) the cause of action and the relief claimed by the plaintiff had been substantially indicated.]

81. Exemption from arrest and personal appearance—In a suit instituted against a public officer in respect of any act purporting to be done by him in this official capacity

(a) the defendant shall not be liable to arrest nor his property to attachment otherwise than in execution of a decree, and

(b) where the Court is satisfied that the defendant cannot absent himself from his duty without detriment to the public service, it shall exempt from appearing in person.

82. Execution of decree—[(1) Where, in suit by or against the Government or by or against a public officer in respect of any act purporting to be done by him in his official capacity, a decree is passed against the Government, as the case may be, the public officer, such decree shall not be executed except in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (2)].

(2) Execution shall not be issued on any such decree unless it remains unsatisfied for the period of three months computed from the date of [such decree].

[(3) The provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) shall apply in relation to an order or award as they apply in relation to a decree, if the order or award-

(a) is passed or made against the State of Jammu and Kashmir or a public officer in respect of any such act as aforesaid, whether by a Court or by any other authority, and

(b) is capable of being executed under the provisions of this Code or of any other law for the time being in force as if it were a decree.]

Suits by Aliens and by or Against Foreign and Native Rulers

83. When aliens may sue—No alien enemy of [Government of India] and no subject of any enemy country shall sue in any of the State Courts, except with the permission of the Government.

Explanation.— Every person residing in a country, the Government of which is at war with [India], and carrying on business in that country without a licence in that behalf under the hand [***] of a Secretary to the Government of India, shall, for the purpose of this section be deemed to be an alien enemy.

84. When foreign States may sue—The British Government and its subjects and a Foreign State in alliance with [Government of India] and its subjects shall be entitled to sue in a State Court.
85. Persons specially appointed by Government to prosecute or defend for Princes or Chiefs—(1) Persons specially appointed by order of the Government at the request of any Sovereign Prince or Ruling Chief, [x x x] or at the request of any person competent, in the opinion of the Government, to act on behalf of such Prince or Chief, to prosecute or defend any suit, on his behalf, shall be deemed to be the recognised agents by whom appearances, acts and applications under this Code may be made or done on behalf of such Prince or Chief.

(2) An appointment under this section may be made for the purpose of a specified suit or of several specified suits, or for the purpose of all such suits as it may from time to time be necessary to prosecute or defend on behalf of the Prince or Chief.

(3) A person appointed under this section may authorise or appoint persons to make appearance and applications and do acts in any such suit or suits as if he were himself party thereto.

86. Suits against Princes, Chiefs, ambassadors and envoys—(1) Any such Prince or Chief, and any ambassador or envoy of a foreign State, may, with the consent of [the Government] certified by the signature of the [Chief Secretary], but not without such consent, be sued in any competent Court.

(2) Such consent may be given with respect to a specified suit or to several specified suits, or with respect to all suits of any specified class or classes, and may specify, in the case of any suit or class of suits, the Court in which the Prince, Chief, ambassador or envoy may be sued; but it shall not be given unless it appears to the Government that the Prince, Chief, ambassador or envoy

(a) has instituted a suit in the Court against the person desiring to sue him, or

(b) by himself or another trades within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court, or

(c) is in possession of immovable property situate within those limits and is to be sued with reference to such property or for money charged thereon.

(3) No such Prince, Chief, ambassador or envoy shall be arrested under this Code, and, except with the consent of [the Government], certified as aforesaid, no decree shall be executed against the property of any such Prince, Chief, ambassador or envoy.

(4) Omitted.

(5) A person may, as a tenant of immovable property, sue, without such consent as is mentioned in this section, a Prince, Chief, ambassador or envoy from whom he holds or claims to hold the property.

87. Style of Princes and Chiefs as parties to suits—A Sovereign Prince or Ruling Chief, may sue, and shall be sued, in the name of his State:

Provided that in giving the consent referred to in the foregoing section [the Government] may direct that any such Prince or Chief shall be sued in the name of an agent or in any other name.

Interpleader

88. Where interpleader suit may be instituted—Where two or more persons claim adversely to one another the same debt, sum of money or other property, movable or immovable, from another person, who claims no interest therein other than for charges or costs and who is ready to pay or deliver it to the rightful claimant, such other person may institute a suit of interpleader against all the claimants for the purpose of obtaining a decision as to the person to whom the payment or delivery shall be made and of obtaining indemnity for himself:

Provided that where any suit is pending in which the rights of all parties can properly be decided, no such suit of interpleader shall be instituted.

Part V

Special Proceedings Arbitration

[89. Settlement of disputes outside the Court.—(1) Where it appears to the Court that there exist elements of a settlement which may be acceptable to the parties, the court shall formulate the terms of settlement and give them to the parties for their observations and after receiving the observations of the parties, the Court may reformulate the terms of a possible settlement and refer the same for—

(a) arbitration;

(b) conciliation;

(c) judicial settlement including settlement through Lok Adalat; or

(d) mediation.

(2) Where a dispute has been referred—

(a) for arbitration or conciliation, the provisions of the Jammu and Kashmir Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1997 shall apply as if the proceedings for arbitration or conciliation were referred for settlement under the provisions of that Act;

(b) to Lok Adalat, the Court shall refer the same to the Lok Adalat in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 19 of the Jammu and Kashmir Legal Services Authority Act, 1997 and all other provisions of that Act shall apply in respect of the dispute so referred to the Lok Adalat;

(c) for judicial settlement, the Court shall refer the same to a suitable institution or person and such institution or person shall be deemed to be a Lok Adalat and all the provisions of the Jammu and Kashmir Legal Services Authority Act, 1997 shall apply as if the dispute were referred to a Lok Adalat under the provisions of that Act;

(d) for mediation, the Court shall effect a compromise between the parties and shall follow such procedure as may be prescribed by the High Court.

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Court Fees Act, Samvat, 1977, where the Court refers the parties to the suit to any one of the mode of settlement of dispute in this section, the plaintiff shall be entitled to a certificate from the Court authorizing him to receive back from the collector, the full amount of the fee paid in respect of such plaint.]

Special Case

90. Power to State case for opinion of Court—Where any persons agree in writing to state a case for the opinion of the Court, then the Court shall try and determine the same in the manner prescribed.

[Public Nuisances and other Wrongful Acts affecting the Public]

91. Public nuisance.—[(1) In the case of a Public nuisance or other wrongful act affecting or likely to affect, the public, a suit for a declaration and injunction or for such other relief as may be appropriate in the circumstances of the case, may be instituted-

(a) by the Advocate general or;

(b) with the leave of the Court, by two or more persons, even though no special damage has been caused to such persons by reason of such public nuisance of other wrongful act.]

(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any right of suit which may exist independently of its provisions.

92. Public charities.—(1) In the case of any alleged breach of any express or constructive trust created for public purposes of a charitable or religious nature, or where the direction of the Court is deemed necessary for the administration of any such trust, [the Advocate General or two or more persons having an interest in the trust and having obtained the leave of the Court] may institute a suit, whether contentious or not, in the principal Civil Court of original jurisdiction or in any other Court empowered in that behalf by [the Government] within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the whole or any part of the subject-matter of the trust is situate, to obtain a decree-

(a) removing any trustee;

(b) appointing a new trustee;

(c) vesting any property in a trustee;

(d) directing accounts and inquiries;

(e) declaring what proportion of the trust property or of the interest therein shall be allocated to any particular object of the trust;

(f) authorizing the whole or any part of the trust-property to be let, sold, mortgaged or exchanged;

(g) settling a scheme;

(h) granting such further or other relief as the nature of the case may require.

(2) Save as provided by the Religious Endowments Act, no suit claiming any of the reliefs specified in sub-section (1) shall be instituted in respect of any such trust as is therein referred to except in conformity with the provisions of that sub-section.

[(3) The Court may alter the original purposes of an express or constructive trust created for public purposes of a charitable or religious nature and allow the property or income of such trust or any portion thereof to be applied cypress in one or more of the following circumstances, namely:-

(a) where the original purposes of the trust, in whole or in part,-

(i) have been, as far as may be, fulfilled; or

(ii) cannot be carried out at all, or cannot be carried out according to the directions given in the instrument creating the trust, or where there is no such instrument, according to the spirit of the trust; or

(b) where the original purposes of the trust provide a use for a party only of the property available by virtue of the trust; or

(c) where the property available by virtue of trust and other property applicable for similar purposes can be more effectively used in conjunction with, and to that end can suitably be made applicable to any other purpose, regard being had it to the spirit of the trust and its applicability to common purposes; or

(d) where the original purposes, in whole or in part, were laid down by reference to an area which then was, but has since ceased to be, a unit for such purposes; or

(e) where the original purposes, in whole or in part, have, since they were laid down,-

(i) been adequately provided for by other means, or

(ii) ceased, as being useless or harmful to the community, or

(iii) ceased to be, in law, charitable, or

(iv) ceased in any other way to provide a suitable and effective method of using the property available by virtue of the trust, regard being had to the spirit of the trust.]

93. Omitted

Part VI

Supplemental Proceedings

94. Supplemental proceedings.—In order to prevent the ends of justice from being defeated the Court may, if it is so prescribed,

(a) issue a warrant to arrest the defendant and bring him before the Court to show cause why he should not give security for his appearance, and if he fails to comply with any order for security commit him to the civil prison;

(b) direct the defendant to furnish security to produce any property belonging to him and to place the same at the disposal of the Court or order the attachment of any property;

(c) grant a temporary injunction and in case of disobedience commit the person guilty thereof to the civil prison and order that his property be attached and sold;

(d) appoint a receiver of any property and enforce the performance of his duties by attaching and selling his property;

(e) make such other interlocutory orders as may appear to the Court to be just and convenient.

95. Compensation for obtaining arrest, attachment or injunction on insufficient grounds.—(1) Where, in any suit in which an arrest or attachment has been effected or a temporary injunction granted under the last preceding section.

(a) it appears to the Court that such arrest, attachment or injunction was applied for on insufficient grounds, or

(b) the suit of the plaintiff fails and it appears to the Court that there was no reasonable or probable ground for instituting the same, the defendant may apply to the Court, and the Court may, upon such application, award against the plaintiff by its order such amount, not exceeding [fifty thousand rupees] as it deems a reasonable compensation to the defendant for the [expense or injury including injury to reputation caused to him:]

Provided that a Court shall not award, under this section, an amount exceeding the limits of its pecuniary jurisdiction.

(2) An order determining any such application shall bar any suit for compensation in respect of such arrest, attachment or jurisdiction.

Part VII

Appeals

Appeals From Original Decrees

96. Appeals from original decree.—(1) Save where otherwise expressly provided in the body of this Code or by any other law for the time being in force, an appeal shall lie from every decree passed by any Court exercising original jurisdiction to the Court authorised to hear appeals from the decisions of such Court.

(2) An appeal may lie from an original decree passed ex parte.

(3) No appeal shall lie from a decree passed by the Court with the consent of parties.

[(4) No appeal shall lie, except on a question of law, from a decree in any suit of the nature cognizable by Courts of Small Causes, when the amount or value of the subject-matter of the original suit does not exceed [ten thousand rupees] .]

97. Appeal from final decree where no appeal from preliminary decree—Where any party aggrieved by a preliminary decree passed after the commencement of this Code does not appeal from such decree, he shall be precluded from disputing its correctness in any appeal which may be preferred from the final decree.

[98. Decisions where appeal heard by two or more Judges].—(1) Where an appeal is heard by a Bench of two or more Judges, the appeal shall be decided in accordance with the opinion of such Judges or of the majority (if any) of such judges.

(2) Where there is no such majority which concurs in a judgment varying or reversing the decree appealed from, such decree shall be confirmed:

Provided that where the Bench hearing the appeal is [composed of two or other even number of Judges belonging to a Court consisting of more Judges than those constituting the bench and the Judges composing the Bench differ in opinion on a point of law, they may state the point of law upon which they differ and the appeal shall then be heard upon that point only by one or more of the other Judges and such point shall be decided according to the opinion of the majority (if any) of the Judges who have heard the appeal including those who first heard it ].

99. No decree to be reversed or modified for error or irregularity not affecting merits or jurisdiction.—No decree shall be reversed or substantially varied, nor shall any case be remanded in appeal on account of any misjoinder or [non-joinder] of parties or causes of action or any error, defect or irregularities in any proceedings in the suit, not affecting the merits of the case or the jurisdiction of the Court:

[Provided that nothing in this section shall apply to non-joinder of a necessary party].

[99-A. No order under section 47 to be reversed or modified unless decision of the case is pre-judicially affected.—Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of section 99, no order under section 47 shall be reversed or substantially varied, on account of any error, defect or irregularity in any proceeding relating to such order, unless such error, defect or irregularity has pre-judicially affected the decision of the case.]

[100. Second appeal.—(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided in the body of this Code or by any other law for the time being in force, an appeal shall lie to the High Court from every decree passed in appeal by any Court subordinate to the High Court, if the High Court is satisfied that case involves a substantial question of law.

(2) An appeal may lie under this section from an appellate decree passed ex parte.

(3) In an appeal under this section, the memorandum of appeal shall precisely state the substantial question of law involved in the appeal.

(4) Where the High Court is satisfied that a substantial question of law is involved in any case, it shall formulate that question.

(5) The appeal shall be heard on the question so formulated and the respondent shall, at the hearing of the appeal, be allowed to argue that the case does not involve such question:

Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall be deemed to take away or abridge the power of the Court to hear, for reason to be recorded, the appeal on any other substantial question of law, not formulated by it, if it is satisfied that the case involves such question].

[100-A. No further appeal in certain cases.—Notwithstanding anything contained in any Letters Patent of the High Court or in any instrument having the force of law or in any other law for the time being in force in the State, where any appeal from an original or appellate decree or order is heard and decided by a Single Judge of a High Court, no further appeal shall lie from the judgement and decree of such Single Judge.]

101. Second appeal on no other grounds—No second appeal shall lie except on the grounds mentioned in section 100.

[102. No second appeal in certain cases—No second appeal shall lie from any decree, when the subject matter of the original suit is recovery of money not exceeding twenty-five thousand rupees.]

[103. Power of High Court to determine issue of fact—In any second appeal, the High Court, may, if the evidence on the record is sufficient, determine any issue necessary for the disposal of the appeal,

(a) which has not been determined by the lower Appellate Court or both by the Court of first instance and the lower Appellate Court, or

(b) which has been wrongly determined by such Court or Courts by reason of a decision on such question of law as is referred to in section 100.]

Appeals from Orders

104. Orders from which appeal lies—(1) An appeal shall lie from the following orders, and save as otherwise expressly provided in the body of this Code or by any law for the time being in force, from no other order:

[x x x]

[(ff) an order under section 35-A;]

[(ff-a) an order under section 91 or section 92 refusing leave to institute a suit of the nature referred to in section 91 or section 92, as the case may be;]

(g) an order under section 95;

(h) an order under any of the provisions of this Code imposing a fine or directing the arrest or detention in the civil prison of any person except where such arrest or detention is in execution of a decree;

(i) any order made under rules from which an appeal is expressly allowed by rules:

[Provided that no appeal shall lie against any order specified in clause (ff) save on the ground that no order, or an order for payment of a less amount, ought to have been made.]

(2) No appeal shall lie from any order passed in appeal under this section.

105. Other orders—(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided, no appeal shall lie from any order made by a Court in the exercise of its original or appellate jurisdiction; but where a decree is appealed from, any error, defect or irregularity in any order, affecting the decision of the case, may be set forth as a ground of objection in the memorandum of appeal.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where any party aggrieved by an order of remand [***] from which an appeal lies does not appeal therefrom, he shall thereafter be precluded from disputing its correctness.

106. What Courts to hear appeals—Where an appeal from any order is allowed it shall lie to the Court to which an appeal would lie from the decree in the suit in which such order was made by a Court (not being a High Court) in the exercise of appellate jurisdiction, then to the High Court.

General Provisions Relating to Appeals

107. Powers of Appellate Court.—(1) Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, an appellate Court shall have power-

(a) to determine a case finally;

(b) to remand a case;

(c) to frame issues and refer them for trial;

(d) to take additional evidence or to require such evidence to be taken.

(2) Subject as aforesaid, the Appellate Court shall have the same powers and shall perform as nearly as may be the same duties as are conferred and imposed by this Code on Courts of original jurisdiction in respect of suits instituted therein.

108. Procedure in appeals from appellate decrees and orders.—The provisions of this Part relating to appeals from original decrees shall, so far as may be, apply to appeals

(a) from appellate decree; and

(b) from orders made under this code or under any special or local law in which a different procedure is not provided.

Appeals to the Supreme Court

[109. When appeals lie to the Supreme Court.—Subject to the provisions of Chapter IV of Part V of the Constitution of India as applied to the State by the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, and such rules as may, from time to time,. be made by the Supreme Court regarding appeals from the High Court of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and to the Provisions hereinafter contained, an appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court

(a) from any judgment, decree or final order passed on appeal by the High Court;

(b) from any judgment, decree or final order passed by the High Court in exercise of original civil jurisdiction; and

(c) from any decree or order, when the case, as hereinafter provided, is certified to be a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court.

110. Value of subject-matter.—In each of the cases mentioned in clauses (a) and (b) of section 109, the amount or value of the subject-matter of the suit in the Court of first instance must be twenty thousand rupees or upwards, and the amount or value of the subject-matter in dispute on appeal to the Supreme Court must be the same sum or upwards,

or the judgment, decree or final order must involve, directly or indirectly, some claim or question to or respecting property of like amount or value,

and where the judgment, decree or final order appealed from affirms the decision of the Court immediately below the Court passing such decree or final order, the appeal must involve some substantial question of law.

111. Savings.—Nothing contained in this Code shall be deemed-

(a) to affect the powers of the Supreme Court in relation to the State under the provisions of the Constitution of India as applicable to the State under the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) order, 1954; or

(b) to interfere with any rules made by the Supreme Court or for the time being in force, for the presentation of appeals to that Court or their conduct before that Court.]

[ 112.-Omitted]

Part VIII

Reference, Review and Revision

113. Reference to High Court.—Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, any Court may state a case and refer the same for the opinion of the High Court, and the High Court may make such order thereon as it thinks fit:

[Provided that where the Court is satisfied that a case pending before it involves a question as to the validity of any Act, Ordinance or Regulation or of any provision contained in an Act, Ordinance or Regulation, the determination of which is necessary for the disposal of the case, and is of opinion that such Act, Ordinance Regulation or provision is invalid or in-operative, but has not been so declared by the High Court or by the Supreme Court, the Court shall state a case setting out its opinion and the reasons therefor and refer the same for the opinion of the High Court.]

114. Review—Subject as aforesaid, any person considering himself aggrieved.-

(a) by a decree or order from which an appeal is allowed by this Code, but from which no appeal has been preferred,

(b) by a decree or order from which no appeal is allowed by this Code, or

(c) by a decision on a reference from a Court of Small causes,

may apply for a review of judgment to the Court which passed the decree or made the order, and the Court may make such order thereon as it thinks fit.

115. Revision.—[(1)] The High Court may call for the record of any case which has been decided by any Court subordinate to the High Court and in which no appeal lies thereto, and if such subordinate Court appears.

(a) to have exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law, or

(b) to have failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested, or

(c) to have acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity, or

[(d) to have caused failure of justice],

the High Court may make such order in the case as it thinks fit:

[Provided that the High Court shall not, under this section, vary or reverse any order made, or any order deciding an issue, in the course of a suit or other proceeding, except where the order, if it had been made in favour of the party applying for revision would have finally disposed of the suit or other proceedings.]

[(2) The High Court shall not, under this section, vary or reverse any decree or order against which an appeal lies either to the High Court or to any Court subordinate thereto.

[(3) A revision shall not operate as a stay of suit or other proceeding before the Court except where such suit or other proceeding is stayed by the High Court.]

Explanation.— In this section, the expression "any case which has been decided" includes any order made, or any order deciding an issue, in the course of a suit or other proceeding].

[Part IX]

Special Provisions Relating to the High Court

116. Part to apply only to the High Court.—This part applies only to the High Court.
117. Application of Code to High Court—Save as provided in this Part or in Part X or in rules, the provisions of this Code shall apply to the High Court.
118. Execution of decree before ascertainment of costs—Where the High Court considers it necessary that a decree passed in the exercise of its original civil jurisdiction should be executed before the amount of the costs incurred in the suit can be ascertained by taxation, the Court may order that the decree shall be executed forthwith, except as to so much thereof as relates to the costs;

and, as to so much thereof as relates to the costs, that the decree may be executed as soon as the amount of the costs shall be ascertained by taxation.

[***]

[Part X]

Rules

121. Effect of rules in First Schedule—The rules in the First Schedule shall have effect as if enacted in the body of this Code until annulled or altered in accordance with the provisions of this part.

[122. Power of High Court to make rules—The High Court may, from time to time after previous publication, make rules regulating its own procedure and the procedure of the Civil Courts subject to its superintendence, and may by such rules annul, alter or add to all or any of the rules in the First Schedule].

123. Omitted
124. Omitted
125. Omitted

[126. Rules subject to sanction—Rules made under the foregoing provisions shall be subject to the previous approval of the [the Governor.]

127. Publication of rules—Rules so made and approved shall be published is the Jammu and Kashmir Government Gazette, and shall from the date of publication or from such other date as may be specified have the same force and effect, as if they had been contained in the First Schedule.
128. Matters for which rules may provide—(1) Such rules shall be not inconsistent with the provisions in the body of this Code, but, subject thereto, may provide for any matters relating to the procedure of Civil Courts.

(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred by sub-section (1), such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:

(a) the service of summons, notices and other processes by post or in any other manner either generally or in any specified areas, and the proof of such service;

(b) the maintenance and custody, while under attachment, of live-stock and other movable property, the fees payable for such maintenance and custody, the sale of such live-stock and property, and the proceeds of such sale;

(c) procedure in suits by way of counterclaim, and the valuation of such suits for the purposes of jurisdiction;

(d) procedure in garnishee and charging orders either in addition to, or in substitution for, the attachment and sale of debts;

(e) procedure where the defendant claims to be entitled to contribution or indemnity over or against any person whether a party to the suit or not;

(f) Omitted;

(g) Omitted;

(h) consolidation of suits, appeals and other proceedings;

(i) delegation to the Registrar, Deputy Registrar or other official of the Court of any judicial, quasi-judicial and non-judicial duties; and

(j) all forms, registers, books, entries and accounts which may be necessary or desirable for the transaction of the business of Civil Courts.

129. Power of High Court to make rules as to its original civil jurisdiction—Notwithstanding anything in this Code, the High Court may make such rules not inconsistent with the [order of his Highness No. 1, dated 26th March, 1928], to regulate its own procedure in the exercise of its original civil jurisdiction as it shall think fit, and nothing herein contained shall affect the validity of any such rules in force at the commencement of this Code.

130.-Omitted

131. Publication of rules—Rules made in accordance with section 129 shall be published in the Jammu and Kashmir Government Gazette and shall from the date of publication or from such other date as may be specified have the force of law.

Part XI

Miscellaneous

132. Exemption of certain women from personal appearance—(1) Women, who, according to the customs and manners of the country, ought not to be compelled to appear in public shall be exempt from personal appearance in Court.

(2) Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to exempt such women from arrest in execution of civil process in any case in which the arrest of women is not prohibited by this Code.

133. Exemption of other persons—(1)[The Government] may, by notification in the Government Gazette, exempt from personal appearance in Court any person whose rank, in the opinion of [the Government], entitles him to the privilege of exemption.

(2) The names and residences of the persons so exempted shall, from time to time, be forwarded to the High Court by [the Government] and a list of such persons shall be kept in such Court, and a list of such persons as reside within the local limits of the jurisdiction of each Court subordinate to the High Court shall be kept in such subordinate Court.

(3) Where any person so exempted claims the privilege of such exemption, and it is consequently necessary to examine him by commission, he shall pay the costs of that commission, unless the party requiring his evidence pays such costs.

134. Arrest other than in execution of decree—The provisions of section 55, 57 and 59 shall apply, so far as may be, to all persons arrested under this Code.
135. Exemption from arrest under civil process—(1) No Judge, Magistrate or other judicial officer shall be liable to arrest under civil process while going to, presiding in, or returning from, his Court.

(2) Where any matter is pending before a tribunal having jurisdiction therein, or believing in good faith that it has such jurisdiction, the parties thereto, their pleaders, mukhtars, revenue-agents and recognised agents, and their witnesses acting in obedience to a summons, shall be exempt from arrest under civil process other than process issued by such tribunal for contempt of Court while going to or attending such tribunal for the purpose of such matter, and while returning from such tribunal.

(3) Nothing in sub-section (2) shall enable a judgment-debtor to claim exemption from arrest under an order for immediate execution or where such judgment-debtor attends to show cause why he should not be committed to prison in execution of a decree.

[135-A. [(1) Exemption of Members of Legislative Bodies from arrest or detention under civil process—No person shall be liable to arrest or detention in prison under civil process-

(a) if he is a member of -

(i) either House of Parliament, or

(ii) the Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council of a State, or

(iii) a Legislative Assembly or a Union Territory,

during the continuance of any meeting of such House of Parliament or, as the case may be, of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council;

(b) if he is a member of any committee of

(i) either House of Parliament, or

(ii) the Legislative Assembly of a State or Union Territory, or

(iii) the Legislative Council of a State,

during the continuance of any meeting of such Committee;

(c) if he is member of -

(i) either House of Parliament, or

(ii) a Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council of a State having both such Houses,

during the continuance of a joint sitting, meeting, conference or joint committee of the Houses of Parliament or Houses of the State Legislature as the case may be;

and during the forty days before and after such meeting, sitting or conference.]

(2) A person released from detention under sub-section (1) shall, subject to the provisions of the said sub-section, be liable to re-arrest and to the further detention to which he would have been liable if he had not been released under the provision of sub-section (1).]

136. Procedure where person to be arrested or property to be attached is outside district—(1) Where an application is made that any person shall be arrested or that any property shall be attached under any provision of this Code not relating to the execution of decrees, and such person resides or such property is situate outside the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court to which the application is made, the Court may, in its discretion, issue a warrant of arrest or make an order of attachment, and send to the District Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction such person or properly resides or is situate a copy of the warrant or order, together with the probable amount of the costs of the arrest or attachment.

(2) The District Court shall, on receipt of such copy and amount, cause the arrest or attachment to be made by its own officers, or by a Court subordinate to itself, and shall inform the Court which issued or made such warrant or order of the arrest or attachment.

(3) The Court making an arrest under this section shall send the person arrested to the Court by which the warrant of arrest was issued, unless he shows cause to the satisfaction of the former Court why he should not be sent to the latter Court or unless he furnishes sufficient security for his appearance before the latter Court or for satisfying any decree that may be passed against him by that Court, in either of which cases the Court making the arrest shall release him.

(4) Omitted.

137. Language of subordinate Courts—The language which, on the commencement of this Code, is the language of any Court subordinate to the High Court shall continue to be the language of such subordinate Court until [the Government]otherwise direct.

(2) [The Government] may declare what shall be the language of any such court and in what character applications to any proceedings in such Courts shall be written.

(3) Where this Code requires or allows anything other than the recording of evidence to be done in writing in any such Court, such writing may be in English; but any party or his pleader if unacquainted with English, a translation into the language of the Court shall, at his request, be supplied to him; and the Court shall make such order as it think fit in respect of the payment of the costs of such translation.

138. Power of High Court to require evidence to be recorded in English—(1) The High Court may, by notification in the Government Gazette, direct with respect to any Judge specified in the notification, or falling under a description set forth therein, that evidence in cases in which an appeal is allowed shall be taken down by him in the English language and in manner prescribed.

(2) Where a Judge is prevented by any sufficient reason from complying with a direction under sub-section (1), he shall record the reason and cause the evidence to be taken down in writing from his dictation in open Court.

139. Oath or affidavit by whom to be administered—In the case of any affidavit under this Code

(a) any Court or Magistrate, or

[(aa) any notary appointed under the Notaries Act, 1952; or]

(b) any officer or other person whom the High Court may appoint in this behalf, or

(c) any officer appointed by any other Court which [the Government]has generally or specially empowered in this behalf, may administer the oath to the deponent.

140.-Omitted

141. Miscellaneous proceedings—The procedure provided in this Code in regard to suits shall be followed as far as it can be made applicable, in all proceedings in any Court of civil jurisdiction.

[Explanation. — In this section, the expression "Proceedings" includes proceedings under Order IX, but does not include any proceeding under article 226 of the Constitution.]

142. Orders and notice to be in writing—All orders and notices served on or given to any person under the provisions of this Code shall be in writing.
143. Postage—Postage, where chargeable on a notice, summons or letter issued under this Code and forwarded by post, and the fee for registering the same shall be paid within a time to be fixed before the communication is made:

Provided that [the Government] may remit such postage or fee, or both or may prescribe a scale of Court-fees to be levied in lieu thereof.

144. Application for restitution—(1) Where and in so far as a decree is [varied or reversed in any appeal, revision or other proceeding or is set aside or modified in any suit instituted for the purpose, the Court which passed the decree or order]shall, on the application of any party entitled to any benefit by way of restitution or otherwise, cause such restitution to be made as will, so far as may be, place the parties in the position which they would have occupied but for such decree or [such part thereof as has been varied, reversed, set aside or modified]and, for this purpose, the Court may make any orders, including orders for the refund of costs and for the payment of interest, damages, compensation and mesne profits, which are properly [consequential on such variation, reversal, setting aside or modification of the decree or order].

[Explanation.— For the purposes of sub-section (1), the expression "Court which passed the decree or order" shall be deemed to include.

(a) where the decree or order has been varied or reversed in exercise of appellate or revisional jurisdiction, the Court of first instance;

(b) where the decree or order has been set aside by a separate suit, the Court of first instance which passed such decree or order;

(c) where the Court of first instance has ceased to exist or has ceased

to have jurisdiction to execute it, the Court which, if the suit wherein the decree or order was passed were instituted at the time of making the application for restitution under this section, would have jurisdiction to try such suit].

(2) No suit shall be instituted for the purpose of obtaining any restitution or other relief which could be obtained by application under sub-section (1).

145. Enforcement of liability of surety—Where any person has [furnished security or given a guarantee—]

(a) for the performance of any decree or any part thereof, or

(b) for the restitution of any property taken in execution of a decrees, or

(c) for the payment of any money, or for the fulfilment of any condition imposed on any person, under an order of the Court in any suit or in any proceeding consequent thereon,

(d)[the decree or order may be executed in the manner herein provided for the execution of decrees, namely:-

(i) if he has rendered himself personally liable, against him to that extent;

(ii) if he has furnished any property as security, by sale of such property to the extent of the security;

(iii) if the case falls both under clauses (i) and (ii), then to the extent specified in those clauses;

and such person shall be deemed to be a party within the meaning of section 47:]

Provided that such notice as the Court in each case thinks sufficient has been given to the surety.

146. Proceeding by or against representatives—Save as otherwise provided by this Code or by any law for the time being in force, where any proceeding may be taken or application made by or against any person, then the proceeding may be taken or the application may be made by or against any person claiming under him.
147. Consent or agreement by persons under disability—In all suits to which any person under disability is a party, any consent or agreement, as to any proceeding shall, if given or made with the express leave of the Court by the next friend or guardian for the suit, have the same force and effect as if such person were under no disability and had given such consent or made such agreement.
148. Enlargement of time—Where any period is fixed or granted by the Court for the doing of any act prescribed or allowed by this Code, the Court may in its discretion, from time to time enlarge such period [not exceeding thirty days in total], even though the period originally fixed or granted may have expired.

[148-A. Right to lodge a caveat—Where an application is expected to be made, or has been made, in a suit or proceeding instituted, or about to be instituted, in a Court, any person claiming a right to appear before the Court on the hearing of such application may lodge a caveat in respect thereof.

(2) Where a caveat has been lodged under sub-section (1), the person by whom the caveat has been lodged (hereinafter referred to as the caveator) shall serve a notice of the caveat by registered post, acknowledgement due, on the person by whom the application has been, or is expected to be, made, under sub-section (1).

(3) Where, after a caveat has been lodged under sub-section (1), any application is filed in any suit or proceeding, the Court shall serve a notice of the application on the caveator.

(4) Where a notice of any caveat has been served on the applicant, he shall forthwith furnish the caveator, at the caveator's expense, with copy of the application made by him and also with copies of any paper or document which has been or may be, filed by him in support of the application.

(5) Where a caveat has been lodged under sub-section (1), such caveat shall not remain in force after the expiry of ninety days from the date on which it was lodged unless the application referred to in sub-section (1) has been made before the expiry of the said period.]

149. Power to make up deficiency of Court-fees—Where the whole or any part of any fee prescribed for any document by the law for the time being in force relating to Court-fees has not been paid, the Court may, in its direction, at any stage, allow the person, by whom such fee is payable, to pay the whole or part, as the case may be, of such Court-fee; and upon such payment the document, in respect of which such fee is payable, shall have the same force and effect as if such fee had been paid in the first instance.
150. Transfer of business—Save as otherwise provided, where the business of any Court is transferred to any other Court, the Court to which the business is so transferred shall have the same powers and shall perform the same duties as those respectively conferred and imposed by or under this Code upon the Court from which the business was so transferred.
151. Saving of inherent powers of Court—Nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect the inherent power of the Court to make such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of the process of the Court.
152. Amendment of judgments, decrees or orders—Clerical or arithmetical mistakes in judgments, decrees or orders or errors arising therein from any accidental slip or omission may at any time be corrected by the Court either of its own motion or on the application of any of the parties.
153. General power to amend—The Court may at any time, and on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it may think fit amend any defect or error in any proceeding in a suit; and all necessary amendments shall be made for the purpose of determining the real question or issue raised by or depending on such proceeding.

[153-A. Power to amend decree or order where appeal is summarily dismissed—Where an appellate Court dismisses an appeal under rule 11 of Order XLI, the power of the Court to amend, under section 152, the decree or order appealed against may be exercised by the Court which had passed the decree or order in the first instance notwithstanding that the dismissal of the appeal has the effect of confirming the decree or order, as the case may be, passed by the Court of first instance.

153-B. Place of trial to be deemed to be open Court—The place in which any Civil Court is held for the purpose of trying any suit shall be deemed to be an open Court, to which the public generally may have access so far as the same can conveniently contain them:

Provided that the presiding Judge may, if he thinks fit, order at any stage of any inquiry into or trial of any particular case, that the public generally, or any particular person, shall not have access to, or be or remain in, the room or building used by the Court].

154. Saving of present right of appeal—Nothing in this Code shall effect any present right of appeal which shall have accrued to any party at its commencement.

155 and 156.—Omitted

157. Continuance of orders under certain enactments—Notifications published, declarations and rules made, place appointed, agreements filed, scales prescribed, forms framed, appointment made and powers conferred under any enactment relating to matters dealt with this Code shall, so far as they are consistent with this Code, have the same force and effect as if they had been respectively published, made, appointed, filed, prescribed, framed and conferred under this Code and by the authority empowered thereby in such behalf.
158. Reference to certain enactment relating to matters dealt with in this Code—In every enactment or notification passed or issued before the commencement of this Code in which reference is made to or to any Chapter such reference shall, so far as may be practicable, be taken to be made to this code or to its corresponding Part, order, sanction or rule.

The First Schedule

Order I (R, 1-13)

Parties to Suits

1. [Who may be joined as plaintiffs—All persons may be joined in one suit as plaintiffs where-

(a) any right to relief in respect of, or arising out of, the same act or transaction or series of acts or transactions is alleged to exist in such persons, whether jointly, severally in the alternative; and

(b) if such persons brought separate suits, any common question of law or fact would arise].

2. Power of Court to order separate trials—Where it appears to the Court that any joinder of plaintiffs may embarrass or delay the trial of the suit, the Court may put the plaintiffs to their election or order separate trials or make such other order as may be expedient.

[3. Who may be joined as defendants—All persons may be joined in one suit as defendants where

(a) any right to relief in respect of, arising out of, the same act or transaction or series of acts or transactions is alleged to exist against such persons, whether jointly, severally or in the alternative; and

(b) If separate suits were brought against such persons, any question of law or fact would arise.]

[3-A. Power to order separate trials where joinder of defendants may embarrass or delay trial—Where it appears to the Court that any joinder of defendants may embarrass or delay the trial of the suit, the Court may order separate trials or make such other order as may be expedient in the interests of justice.]

4. Court may give judgment for or against one or more of joint parties—Judgment may be given without any amendment-

(a) for such one or more of the plaintiffs as may be found to be entitled to relief, for such relief as he or they may be entitled to;

(b) against such one or more of the defendants as may be found to be liable, according to their respective liabilities.

5. Defendant need not be interested in all the relief claimed—It shall not be necessary that every defendant shall be interested as to all the relief claimed in any suit against him.
6. Joinder of parties liable on same contract—The plaintiff may at his option, join as parties to the same suit all or any of the persons severally, or jointly and severally, liable on any one contract, including parties to bills of exchange, hundis and promissory notes.
7. When plaintiff in doubt from whom redress is to be sought—Where the plaintiff is in doubt as to the person from whom he is entitled to obtain redress, he may join two or more defendants in order that the question as to which of the defendants is liable, and to what extent, may be determined as between all parties.

[8. One person may sue or defend on behalf of all in same interest—(1) Where there are numerous persons having the same interest in one suit,

(a) one or more of such persons may, with the permission of the Court, sue or be sued, or may defend such suit, on behalf of, or for the benefit of, all persons so interested;

(b) the Court may direct that one or more of such persons may sue or be sued, or may defend such suit, on behalf of, or for the benefit of all persons so interested;

(2) The Court shall, in every case where a permission or direction is given under sub-rule (1), at the plaintiffs expense, give notice of the institution of the suit to all persons so interested, either by personal service, or where, by reasons of the number of persons or any other cause, such service is not reasonably practicable, by advertisement, as the Court in each case may direct.

(3) Any person on whose behalf, or for whose benefit, a suit is instituted, or defended, under sub-rule (1), may apply to the Court to be made a party to such suit.

(4) No part of the claim in any such suit shall be abandoned under sub-rule (1), and no such suit shall be withdrawn under sub-rule (3), of rule 1 of Order XXIII, and no agreement, compromise or satisfaction shall be recorded in any such suit under rule 3 of that Order, unless the Court has given, at the plaintiffs expense, notice to all persons so interested in the manner specified in sub-rule (2).

(5) Where any person suing or defending in any such suit does not proceed with due diligence in the suit or defence, the Court may substitute in his place any other person having the same interest in the suit.

(6) A decree passed in a suit under this rule shall be binding on all persons on whose behalf, or for whose benefit, the suit is instituted, or defended, as the case may be.

Explanation.— For the purpose of determining whether the persons who sue or are sued, or defend, have the same interest in one suit,it is not necessary to establish that such persons have the same cause of action as the persons on whose behalf, or for whose benefit they sue or are sued, or defend the suit, as the case may be.].

9. Mis-joinder and non-joinder—No suit shall be defeated by reason of the misjoinder or non-joinder of parties, and the Court may in every suit deal with the matter in controversy so far as regards the rights and interests of the parties actually before it:

[Provided that nothing in this rule shall apply to non joinder of a necessary party.].

10. Suit in name of wrong plaintiff—(1) Where a suit has been instituted in the name of the wrong person as plaintiff or where it is doubtful whether it has been instituted in the name of the right plaintiff, the Court may at any stage of the suit, if satisfied that the suit has been instituted through a bonafide mistake, and that it is necessary for the determination of the real matter in dispute so to do, order any other person to be substituted or added as plaintiff upon such terms as the Court thinks just.

(2) Court may strike out or add parties.— The Court may at any stage of the proceedings, either upon or without the application of either party, and on such terms as may appear to the Court to be just, order that the name of any party improperly joined, whether as plaintiff or defendant, be struck out, and that the name of any person who ought to have been joined whether as plaintiff or defendant, or whose presence before the Court may be necessary in order to enable the Court effectually and completely to adjudicate upon and settle all the questions involved in the suit, be added.

(3) No person shall be added as a plaintiff suing without a next friend or as the next friend of a plaintiff under any disability without his consent.

(4) Where defendant added, plaint to be amended— Where a defendant is added, the plaint shall, unless the Court otherwise directs, be amended in such manner as may be necessary, and amended copies of the summons and of the plaint shall be served on the new defendant and, if the Court thinks fit, on the original defendant.

(5) Subject to the provisions of the Limitation Act, section 22, the proceedings as against any person added as defendant shall be deemed to have begun only on the service of the summons.

[10-A. Power of Court to request any pleader to address it—The Court may, in its discretion, request any pleader to address it as to any interest which is likely to be affected by its decision on any matter in issue in any suit or proceeding, if the party having the interest which is likely to be so affected is not represented by any pleader.].

11. Conduct of suit—The Court may give the conduct of [a suit] to such person as it deems proper.
12. Appearance of one of several plaintiffs or defendants for others—(1) Where there are more plaintiffs than one, any one or more of them may be authorised by any other of them to appear, plead or act for such other in any proceedings; and in like manner, where there are more defendants than one, any one, or more of them may be authorised by any other of them to appear, plead or act for such other in any proceeding.

(2) The authority shall be in writing signed by the party giving it and shall be filed in Court.

13. Objections to non-joinder or misjoinder—All objections on the ground of non-joinder or misjoinder of parties shall be taken at the earliest possible opportunity and, in all cases where issues are settled, at or before such settlement, unless the ground of objection has subsequently arisen, and any such objection not so taken shall be deemed to have been waived.

Order II(R, 1-7).

Frame of Suit

1. Frame of suit—Every suit shall, as far as practicable, be framed so as to afford ground for final decision upon the subjects in dispute and to prevent further litigation concerning them.
2. Suit to include the whole claim—(1) Every suit shall include the whole of the claim which the plaintiff is entitled to make in respect of the cause of action; but a plaintiff may relinquish any portion of his claim in order to bring the suit within the jurisdiction of any Court.

Relinquishment of part of claim. — (2) Where a plaintiff omits to sue in respect of, or intentionally relinquishes, any portion of his claim, he shall not afterwards sue in respect of the portion so omitted or relinquished.

Omission to sue for one of several reliefs.— (3) A person entitled to more than one relief in respect of the same cause of action may sue for all or any of such reliefs; but if he omits, except with the leave the Court, to sue for all such reliefs, he shall not afterwards sue for any relief so omitted.

Explanation.— For the purposes of this rule an obligation and a collateral security for its performance and successive claims arising under the same obligation shall be deemed respectively to constitute but one cause of action.

Illustration

A lets a house to B at a yearly rent of Rs. 1,200. The rent for the whole of the years 1905, 1906 and 1907 is due and unpaid. A sues B in 1908 only for the rent due for 1906. A shall not afterwards sue B for the rent due for 1905 or 1907.

3. Joinder of causes of action—(1) Save as otherwise provided, a plaintiff may unite in the same suit several causes of action against the same defendant, or the same defendants jointly; and any plaintiffs having causes of action in which they are jointly interested against the same defendant or the same defendants jointly may unite such causes of action in the same suit.

(2) Where causes of action are united, the jurisdiction of the Court as regards the suit shall depend on the amount or value of the aggregate subject-matters at the date of instituting the suits.

4. Only certain claims to be joined for recovery of immovable property—No cause of action shall, unless with the leave of the Court, be joined with a suit for the recovery of immovable property, except-

(a) claims for mense profits or arrears of rent in respect of property claimed or any part thereof;

(b) claims for damages for breach of any contract under which the property or any part thereof is held; and

(c) claims in which the relief sought is based on the same cause of action:

Provided that nothing in this rule shall be deemed to prevent any party in a suit for foreclosure or redemption from asking to be put into possession of the mortgaged property.

5. Claims by or against executor, administrator or heir—No claim by or against an executor, administrator or heir, as such, shall be joined with claims by or against him personally, unless the last mentioned claims are alleged to arise with reference to the estate in respect of which the plaintiff or defendant sues or is sued as executor, administrator or heir, or are such as he was entitled to or liable for, jointly with the deceased person whom he represents.

[6. Power of Court to order separate trials—Where it appears to the Court that the joinder of causes of action in one suit may embarrass or delay the trial or is otherwise inconvenient, the Court may order separate trials or make such other order as may be expedient in the interests of justice.]

7. Objections as to misjoinder—All objections on the ground of misjoinder of causes of action shall be taken at the earliest possible opportunity and, in all cases where issues are settled, at or before such settlement, unless the ground of objections has subsequently arisen, and any such objections not so taken shall be deemed to have been waived.

Order III (R,1-6).

Recognised Agents and Pleaders

1. Appearances, etc., may be in person, by recognized agent or by pleader—Any appearance, application or act in or to any Court, required or authorised by law to be made or done by a party in such Court, may, except where otherwise expressly provided by any law for the time being in force, be made or done by the party in person, or by his recognized agent, or by a pleader duly appointed to act on his behalf:

Provided that any such appearance shall, if the Court so directs, be made by the party in person.

2. Recognised agents—The recognized agents of parties by whom such appearances, applications and acts may be made or done are-

(a) persons holding powers-of-attorney, authorizing them to make and do such appearances, applications and acts on behalf of such parties;

(b) persons carrying on trade or business for and in the names of parties not resident within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court within which limits the appearance, application or act is made or done, in matters connected with such trade or business only, where no other agent is expressly authorised to make and do such appearances, applications and acts.

3. Service of process on recognized agent—(1) Processes served on the recognized agent of a party shall be as effectual as if the same had been served on the party in person, unless the Court otherwise directs.

(2) The provisions for the service of process on a party to a suit shall apply to the service of process on his recognized agent.

4. Appointment of pleader—(1) The appointment of a pleader to make or do any appearance, application or act for any person shall be in writing, and shall be signed by such person or by his recognized agent or by some other person duly authorised by power-of-attorney to act in this behalf.

(2) Every such appointment, when accepted by a pleader, shall be[filed in Court, and shall, for the purposes of sub-rule (1), be] considered to be in force until determined with the leave of the Court, by a writing signed by the client or the pleader, as the case may be, and filed in Court or until the client or the pleader dies or until all proceedings in the suit are ended so far as regards the client.

[Explanation. — For the purposes of this sub-rule, the following shall be deemed to be proceedings in the suit,-

(a) an application for the review of decree or order in the suit,

(b) an application under section 144 or under section 152 of this Code, in relation to any decree or order made in suit,

(c) an appeal from any decree or order in the suit, and

(d) any application or act for the purpose of obtaining copies of documents or return of documents produced or filed in the suit or of obtaining refund of moneys paid in the Court in connection with the suit.]

[(3) Nothing in sub-rule (2) shall be construed-

(a) as extending, as between the pleader and his client, the duration for which the pleader is engaged, or

(b) as authorising service on the pleader of any notice or document issued by any Court other than the Court for which the pleader was engaged, except where such service was expressly agreed to by the client in the document referred to in sub-rule (1).]

5. Service of process on pleader—[Any process served on the pleader who has been duly appointed to act in Court for any party] or left at the office or ordinary residence of such pleader, and whether the same is for the personal appearance of the party or not, shall be presumed to be duly communicated and made known to the party whom the pleader represents, and, unless the Court otherwise directs, shall be as effectual for all purposes as if the same had been given to or served on the party in person.
6. Agent to accept service—(1) Besides the recognised agents described in rule 2 any person residing within the jurisdiction of the Court may be appointed an agent to accept service of process.

Appointment to be in writing and to be filed in Court.— (2) Such appointment may be special or general and shall be made by an instrument in writing signed by the principal, and such instrument or, if the appointment is general, a certified copy thereof shall be filed in Court.

[(3) The Court may, at any stage of the suit, order any party to the suit not having a recognized agent residing within the jurisdiction of the Court, or a pleader who has been duly appointed to act in the Court on his behalf, to appoint, within a specified time, an agent. residing within the jurisdiction of the Court to accept service of the process on his behalf.]

Order IV (R, 1-2).

Institution of Suits

1. Suit to be commenced by plaint—(1) Every suit shall be instituted by presenting a 3. Substituted for "plaint to the Court" by Act VI of 2009, dated 20.3.2009.[plaint in duplicate to the Court] or such officer as it appoints in this behalf.

(2) Every plaint shall comply with the rules contained in Orders VI and VII, so far as they are applicable.

[(3) The plaint shall not be deemed to be duly instituted unless it complies with the requirements specified in sub-rules (1) and (2).]

2. Register of suits—The Court shall cause the particulars of every suit to be entered in a book to be kept for the purpose and called the register of civil suits. Such entries shall be numbered in every year according to the order in which the plaints are admitted.

Order V (R,1-30).

Issue and Service of Summons Issue of Summons

1. Summons—[(1) When a suit has been duly instituted, a summons may be issued to the defendant to appear and answer the claim and to file the written statement of his defence, if any, within thirty days from the date of service of summons on that defendant of the suit as may be specified therein:

Provided that no such summons shall be issued when the defendant has appeared at the presentation of the plaint and admitted the plaintiffs claim:

Provided further that where the defendant fails to file the written statement within the said period of thirty days, he shall be allowed to file the same on such other day which shall not be later than ninety days from the date of service of summons.]

(2) A defendant to whom a summons has been issued under sub-rule (1) may appear-

(a) in person, or

(b) by a pleader duly instructed and able to answer all material questions relating to the suit, or

(c) by a pleader accompanied by some person able to answer all such questions.

(3) Every such summons shall be signed by the Judge or such officer as he appoints, and shall be sealed with the seal of the Court.

[2, Copy of plaint annexed to summons—Every summons shall be accompanied by a copy of the plaint.]

3. Court may order defendant or plaintiff to appear in person-(1) Where the Court sees reason to require the personal appearance of the defendant, the summons shall order him to appear in person in Court on the day therein specified.

(2) Where the Court sees reason to require the personal appearance of the plaintiff on the same day, it shall make an order for such appearance.

4. No party to be ordered to appear in person unless resident within certain limits—No party shall be ordered to appear in person unless he resides

(a) within the local limits of the Court's ordinary original jurisdiction, or

(b) without such limits but at a place less than fifty or (where there is railway communication or other established public conveyance for five-sixths of the distance between the place where he resides and the place where the Court is situate) less than two hundred miles distance from the Court house.

5. Summons to be either to settle issue or for final disposal—The Court shall determine, at the time of issuing the summons, whether it shall be for the settlement of issues only, or for the final disposal of the suit; and the summons shall contain a direction accordingly:

Provided that, in every suit heard by a Court of Small Causes, the summons shall be for the final disposal of the suit.

6. Fixing day for appearance of defendant—The day [under sub-rule (1) of rule 1] shall be fixed with reference to the current business of the Court, the place of residence of the defendant and the time necessary for the service of the summons; and the day shall be so fixed as to allow the defendant sufficient time to enable him to appear and answer on such day.
7. Summons to order defendant to produce documents relied on by him—The summons to appear and answer shall order the defendant to produce [all documents or copies thereof specified in rule lA of Order VIII] in his possession or power upon which he intends to rely in support of his case.
8. On issue of summons for final disposal defendant to be directed to produce his witnesses—Where the summons is for the final disposal of the suit, it shall also direct the defendant to produce, on the day fixed for his appearance, all witnesses upon whose evidence he intends to rely in support of his case.

Service of Summons

[9. Delivery of summons by court—(1) Where the defendant resides within the jurisdiction of the Court in which the suit is instituted, or has an agent resident within the jurisdiction who is empowered to accept the service of the summons, the summons shall, unless the Court otherwise directs, be delivered or sent either to the proper officer to be served by him or one of his subordinate or to such courier services as are approved by the Court.

(2) The proper officer may be an officer of a Court other than that in which the suit is instituted, and, where he is such an officer, the summons may be sent to him in such manner as the Court may direct.

(3) The services of summons may be made by delivering or transmitting a copy thereof by registered post acknowledgement due, addressed to the defendant or his agent empowered to accept the service or by speed post or by such courier services as are approved by the High Court or by the Court referred to in sub-rule (1) or by any other means of transmission of documents (including fax message or electronic mail service) provided by the rules made by the High Court:

Provided that the service of summons under this sub-rule shall be made at the expenses of the plaintiff.

(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-rule (1), where a defendant resides outside the jurisdiction of the Court in which the suit is instituted, and the Court direct that the service of summons on that defendant may be made by such mode of service of summons as is referred to in sub-rule (3) (except by registered post acknowledgement due), the provisions of rule 21 shall not apply.

(5) When an acknowledgement or any other receipt purporting to be signed by the defendant or his agent is received by the Court or postal article containing the summons is received back by the Court with an endorsement purporting to have been made by a postal employee or by any person authorized by the courier service to the effect that the defendant or his agent had refused to take delivery of the postal article containing the summons or had refused to accept the summons by any other means specified in sub-rule (3) when tendered or transmitted to him, the Court issuing the summons shall declare that the summons had been only served on the defendant:

Provided that where the summons was properly addressed, prepaid and duly sent by registered post acknowledgement due, the declaration referred to in this sub-rule shall be made notwithstanding the fact that the acknowledgement having been lost or mislaid, or for any other reason has not been received by the Court within thirty days from the date of issue of summons.

(6) The High Court or the District Judge, as the case may be, shall prepare a panel of courier agencies for the purposes of sub-rule (1).

9A. Summons given to the plaintiff for service—(1) The Court may, in addition to the service of summons under rule 9, on the application of the plaintiff for the issue of a summons for the appearance of the defendant permit such plaintiff to effect service of such summons on such defendant and shall, in such a case, deliver the summons to such plaintiff for service.

(2) The service of such summons shall be effected by or on behalf of such plaintiff by delivering or tendering to the defendant personally a copy thereof signed by the Judge or such officer of the Court as he may appoint in this behalf and sealed with the seal of the Court or by such mode of service as is referred to in sub-rule (3) of rule 9.

(3) The provisions of rules 16 and 18 shall apply to a summons person-ally served under this rule as if the person effecting service were a serving officer.

(4) If such summons, when tendered, is refused or if the person served refuses to sign an acknowledgement of service or for any reason such summons cannot be served personally, the Court shall, on the application of the party, re-issue such summons to be served by the Court in the same manner as a summons to a defendant.]

10. Mode of service—Service of the summons shall be made by delivering or tendering a copy thereof signed by the Judge or such officer as he appoints in this behalf, and sealed with the seal of the Court:

[Provided that in any case, if the plaintiff so wishes or the court so desires, the Court may serve the summons in the first instance by registered post (acknowledgement due) instead of the mode of service laid down in this rule.]

11. Service on several defendants—Save as otherwise prescribed, where there are more defendants than one, service of the summons shall be made on each defendant.
12. Service to be on defendant in person when practicable or on his agent—Wherever it is practicable, service shall be made on the defendant in person, unless he has an agent empowered to accept service, in which case service on such agent shall be sufficient.
13. Service on agent in charge in suits for immovable property—Where in a suit to obtain relief respecting, or compensation for wrong to, immovable property, service cannot be made on the defendant in person, and the defendant has no agent empowered to accept the service, it may be made on any agent of the defendant in charge of the property.

[15. Where service may be on an adult member of defendant's family—Where in any suit the defendant is absent from his residence at the time when the service of summons is sought to be effected on him at his residence and there is no likelihood of his being found at the residence within a reasonable time and he has no agent empowered to accept service of the summons on his behalf, service may be made on any adult member of the family, whether male or female, who is residing with him.

Explanation. — A servant is not a member of the family within the meaning of this rule].

16. Person served to sign acknowledgement—Where the serving officer delivers or tenders a copy of summons to the defendant personally, or to an agent or other person on his behalf, he shall require the signature of the person to whom the copy is so delivered or tendered to an acknowledgement of service endorsed on the original summons.
17. Procedure when defendant refuses to accept service, or cannot be found—Where the defendant or his agent or such other person as aforesaid refuses to sign the acknowledgement, or where the serving officer, after using all due and reasonable diligence, cannot find the defendant,[who is absent from his residence at the time when service is sought to be effected on him at his residence and there is no likelihood of his being found at the residence within a reasonable time] and there is no agent empowered to accept service of the summons on his behalf, nor any other person on whom service can be made, the serving officer shall affix a copy of the summons on the outer door or some other conspicuous part of the house in which the defendant ordinarily resides or carries on business or personally works for gain, and shall then return the original to the Court from which it was issued, with a report endorsed thereon or annexed thereto stating that he has so affixed the copy, the circumstances under which he did so, and the name and address of the person (if any) by whom the house was identified and in whose presence the copy was affixed.
18. Endorsement of time and manner of service—The serving officer shall, in all cases in which the summons has been served under rule 16, endorse or annex, or cause to be endorsed or annexed, on or to the original summons, a return stating the time and the manner in which the summons was served, and the name and address of the person, (if any) identifying the person served and witnessing the delivery or tender of the summons.
19. Examination of serving officer—Where a summons is returned under rule 17, the Court shall, if the return under that rule has not been verified by the affidavit of the serving officer and may, if it has been so verified, examine the serving officer on oath, or cause him to be so examined by another Court, touching his proceedings, and may make such further inquiry in the matter as it thinks fit; and shall either declare that the summons has been duly served or order such service as it thinks fit.

[***]

20. Substituted service—(1) Where the Court is satisfied that there is reason to believe that the defendant is keeping out of the way for the purpose of avoiding service, or that for any other reason the summons cannot be served in the ordinary way, the court shall order the summons to be served by affixing a copy thereof in some conspicuous place in the Court house, and also upon some conspicuous part of the house (if any) in which the defendant is known to have last resided or carried on business or personally worked for gain, or in such other manner as the Court thinks fit.

[1-A. Where the Court acting under sub-rule (1) orders service by an advertisement in a newspaper, the newspaper shall be a daily newspaper circulating in the locality in which the defendant is last known to have actually and voluntarily resided, carried on business or personally worked for gain].

(2) Effect of substituted service. — Service substituted by order of the Court shall be as effectual as if it had been made on the defendant personally.

(3) Where service substituted, time for appearance to be fixed.- Where service is substituted by order of the Court, the Court shall fix such time for the appearance of the defendant as the case may require.

21. Service of summons where defendant resides within jurisdiction of another Court—A summons may be sent by the Court by which it is issued either by one of its officers [or by post or by such courier service as may be approved by the High Court, by fax message or by Electronic Mail service or by any other means as may be provided by the rules made by the High Court] to any Court (not being the High Court) having jurisdiction in the place where the defendant resides.
22. Omitted.
23. Duty of Court to which summons is sent—The Court to which a summons is sent under rule 21 shall, upon receipt thereof, proceed as if it had been issued by such Court and shall then return the summons to the Court of issue, together with the record (if any) of its proceedings with regards thereto.
24. Service on defendant in prison—Where the defendant is confined in a prison the summons shall be delivered or sent [by post or by such courier service as may be approved by the High Court, by fax message or by Electronic Mail service or by any other means as may be provided by the rules made by the High Court] to the officer-in-charge of the prison for service on the defendant.
25. Service where defendant resides out of the State and has no agent—Where the defendant resides out of the State and has no agent in the State empowered to accept service, the summons shall be addressed to the defendant at the place where he is residing and sent to him [by post or by such courier service as may be approved by the High Court, by fax message or by Electronic Mail service or by any other means as may be provided by the rules made by the High Court], if there is postal communication between such place and the place where the Court is situate.
26. Omitted
27. Service on civil public officer or on servant of railway company or local authority—Where the defendant is a public officer or is the servant of a railway company or local authority, the Court may, if it appears to it that the summons may be most conveniently so served, send it for service on the defendant to the head of the office in which he is employed together with a copy to be retained by the defendant.
28. Service on soldiers—Where the defendant is a soldier, the Court shall send the summons for service to his commanding officer together with a copy to be retained by the defendant.
29. Duty of person to whom summons is delivered or sent for service—(1) Where a summons is delivered or sent to any person for service under rule 24,rule 27 or rule 28, such person shall be bound to serve it, if possible, and to return it under his signature, with the written acknowledgement of the defendant, and such signature shall be deemed to be evidence of service.

(2) Where from any cause service is impossible, the summons shall be returned to the Court with a full statement of such cause and of the steps taken to procure service, and such statement shall be deemed to be evidence of non-service.

30. Substitution of letter for summons—(1) The Court may, notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, substitute for a summons a letter signed by the Judge or such officer as he may appoint in this behalf, where the defendant is, in the opinion of the Court, of a rank entitling him to such mark of consideration.

(2) A letter substituted under sub-rule(1) shall contain all the particulars required to be stated in a summons, and, subject to the provisions of sub-rule (3), shall be treated in all respects as a summons.

(3) A letter so substituted may be sent to the defendant by post or by a special messenger selected by the Court, or in any other manner which the Court thinks fit; and, where the defendant has an agent empowered to accept service, the letter may be delivered or sent to such agent.

Order VI ( R, 1-18)

Pleadings Generally

1. Pleading—"Pleading" shall mean plaint or writing statement.

[2. Pleading to state material facts and not evidence—(1) Every pleading shall contain, and contain only, a statement in a concise form of the material facts on which the party pleading relies for his claim or defence, as the case may be, but not the evidence by which they are to be proved.

(2) Every pleading shall, when necessary, be divided into paragraphs, numbered consecutively, each allegation being so far as is convenient, contained in a separate paragraph.

(3) Dates, sums and numbers shall be expressed in a pleading in figures as well as in words].

3. Forms of pleading—The forms in Appendix A when applicable and where they are not applicable, forms of the like character, as nearly as may be shall be used for all pleadings.
4. Particulars to be given where necessary—In all cases in which the party pleading relies on any misrepresentation, fraud breach of trust, wilful default, or undue influence, and in all other cases in which particulars may be necessary beyond such as are exemplified in the forms aforesaid, particulars (with dates and items, if necessary) shall be stated in the pleading.

[***]

6. Condition precedent—Any condition precedent, the performance or occurrence of which is intended to be contested shall be distinctly specified in his pleading by the plaintiff or defendant, as the case may be; and, subject thereto, an averment of the performance or occurrence of all conditions precedent necessary for the case of the plaintiff or defendant shall be implied in his pleading.
7. Departure—No pleading shall, except by way of amendment, raise any new ground of claim or contain any allegation of fact inconsistent with the previous pleadings of the party pleading the same.
8. Denial of contract—Where a contract is alleged in any pleading, a bare denial of the same by the opposite party shall be construed only as a denial in fact of the express contract alleged or of the matters of fact from which the same may be implied, and not as a denial of the legality or sufficiency in law of such contract.
9. Effect of document to be stated—Wherever the contents of any document are material, it shall be sufficient in any pleading to state the effect thereof as briefly as possible, without setting out the whole or any part thereof, unless the precise words of the document or any part thereof are material.
10. Malice, knowledge etc— Wherever it is material to allege malice, fraudulent intention knowledge or other condition of the mind of any person, it shall be sufficient to allege the same as a fact without setting out the circumstances from which the same is to be inferred.
11. Notice.—Wherever it is material to allege notice to any person of any fact, matter or thing, it shall be sufficient to allege such notice as a fact, unless the form or the precise terms of such notice, or the circumstances from which such notice is to be inferred, are material.
12. Implied contract, or relation—Whenever any contract or any relation between any persons is to be implied from a series of letters or conversations or otherwise from a number of circumstances, it shall be sufficient to allege such contract or relation as a fact, and to refer generally to such letters, conversations, or circumstances without setting them out in detail. And if in such case the person so pleading desires to rely in the alternative upon more contracts or relations than one as to be implied from such circumstances, he may state the same in the alternative.
13. Presumptions of law—Neither party need in any pleading allege any matter of fact which the law presumes in his favour or as to which the burden of proof lies upon the other side unless the same has first been specifically denied (e.g. consideration for a bill of exchange where the plaintiff sues only on the bill and not for the consideration as a substantive ground of claim).
14. Pleading to be signed—Every pleading shall be signed by the party and his pleader (if any): Provided that where a party pleading is, by reason of absence or for other good cause, unable to sign the pleading, it may be signed by any person duly authorised by him to sign the same or to sue or defend on his behalf.

14-A. Address for service of notice]—(1) Every pleading, when filed by a party, shall be accompanied by a statement in the prescribed form, signed, as provided in rule 14, regarding the address of the party.

(2) Such address may, from time to time, be hanged by lodging in Court a form duly filled up and stating the new address of the party and accompanied by a verified petition.

(3) The address furnished in the statement made under sub-rule (1) shall be called the "registered address" of the party, and shall, until duly changed as aforesaid, be deemed to be the address of the party for the purpose of service of all processes in the suit or in any appeal from any decree or order therein made and for the purpose of execution, and shall hold good, subject as aforesaid, for a period or two years after the final determination of the cause or matter.

(4) Service of any process may be effected upon a party at his registered address in all respect as though such party resided there at.

(5) Where the registered address of a party is discovered by the Court to be incomplete, false or fictitious, the Court may, either on its own motion, or on the application of any party, order

(a) in the case where such registered address was furnished by a plaintiff, stay of the suit, or

(b) in the case where such registered address was furnished by a defendant, his defence be struck out and he be placed in the same position as if he had not put any defence.

(6) Where a suit is stayed or a defence is struck out under sub-rule (5), the plaintiff, or, as the case may be, the defendant may, after furnishing his true address, apply to the Court for an order to set aside the order of stay or, as the case may be, the order striking out the defence.

(7) The Court, if satisfied that the party was prevented by any sufficient cause from filing the true address at the proper time, shall set aside the order of stay or order striking out the defence, on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit and shall appoint a day for proceeding with the suit or defence, as the case may be.

(8) Nothing in this rule shall prevent the Court from directing the service of a process at any other address, if for any reason. it thinks fit to do so].

15. Verification of pleadings—(1) Save as otherwise provided by any law for the time being in force, every pleading shall be verified at the foot by the party or by one of the parties pleading or by some other person proved to the satisfaction of the Court to be acquainted with the facts of the case.

(2) The person verifying shall specify, by reference to the numbered paragraphs of the pleading, what he verifies of his own knowledge and what he verifies upon information received and believed to be true.

(3) The verification shall be signed by the person making it and shall state the date on which and the place at which it was signed.

[(4) The person verifying the pleading shall also furnish an affidavit in support of his pleadings.]

[16. Striking out pleadings—The Court may at any stage of the proceedings order to be struck out or amended any matter in any pleading

(a) which may be unnecessary, scandalous, frivolous or vexatious, or

(b) which may tend to prejudice, embarrass or delay the fair trial of the suit, or

(c) which is otherwise an abuse of the process of the Court].

[17. Amendment of pleadings—The Court may at any stage of the proceedings allow either party to alter or amend his pleadings in such manner and on such terms as may be just, and all such amendments shall be made as may be necessary for the purpose of determining the real questions in controversy between the parties.

Provided that no application for amendment shall be allowed after the trial has commenced, unless the Court comes to the conclusion that in spite of due diligence, the party could not have raised the matter before the commencement of trial.]

1. Particulars to be contained in plaint—The plaint shall contain the following particulars:

(a) the name of the Court in which the suit is brought;

(b) the name, description and place of residence of the plaintiff

(c) the name, description and place of residence of the defendant , so far as they can be ascertained;

(d) where the plaintiff or the defendant is a minor or a person of unsound mind, a statement to that effect;

(e) the facts constituting the cause of action and when it arose;

(f) the fact showing that the Court has jurisdiction;

(g) the relief which plaintiff claims;

(h) where the plaintiff has allowed a set-off or relinquished a portion of his claim, the amount so allowed or relinquished; and

(i) a statement of the value of the subject-matter of the suit for the purposes of jurisdiction and of Court-fees, so far as the case admits.

2. In money suit—Where the plaintiff seeks the recovery of money, the plaint shall state the precise amount claimed;

But where the plaintiff sues for mesne profits, or for an amount which will be found due to him on taking unsettled accounts between him and the defendant [or for movables in the possession of the defendant, or for debts of which the value he cannot, after the exercise of reasonable diligence, estimate, the plaint shall, state approximately the amount or value sued for.]

3. Where the subject-matter of the suit is immovable property—Where the subject-matter of the suit is immovable property, the plaint shall contain a description of the property sufficient to identify it, and, in case such property can be identified by boundaries or numbers in a record of settlement or survey, the plaint shall specify such boundaries or numbers.
4. When plaintiff sues as representative—Where the plaintiff sues in a representative character the plaint shall show not only that he has an actual existing interest in the subject-matter, but that he has taken the steps (if any) necessary to enable him to institute a suit concerning it.
5. Defendant's interest and liability to be shown—The plaint shall show that the defendant is or claims to be interested in the subject-matter, and that he is liable to be called upon to answer the plaintiff's demand.
6. Ground of exemption from limitation law—Where the suit is instituted after the expiration of the period prescribed by the law of limitation, the plaint shall show the ground upon which exemption from such law is claimed:

[Provided that the court may permit the plaintiff to claim exemption from the law of limitation on any ground not set out in the plaint, if such ground is not inconsistent with the grounds set out in the plaint].

7. Relief to be specifically stated—Every plaint shall state specifically the relief which the plaintiff claims either simply or in the alternative, and it shall not to be necessary to ask for general or other relief which may always be given as the Court may think just to the same extent as if it had been asked for. And the same rule shall apply to any relief claimed by the defendant in his written statement.
8. Relief founded on separate grounds—Where the plaintiff seeks relief in respect of several distinct claims or causes of action founded upon separate and distinct grounds, they shall be stated as far as may be separately and distinctly.

[9. Procedure of admitting plaint—Where the Court orders that the summons be served on the defendants in the manner provided in rule 9 of Order V, it will direct the plaintiff to present as many copies of the plaint on plain paper as there are defendants within seven days from the date of such order along with requisite fee for service of summons on the defendants.]

10. Return of plaint—(1) [Subject to the provisions of rule 10-A, the plaint shall] at any stage of the suit be returned to be presented to the Court in which the suit should have been instituted.

[Explanation. — For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that a Court of appeal or revision may direct, after setting aside the decree passed in a suit, the return of the plaint under this sub-rule].

(2) Procedure on returning plaint On returning a plaint the judge shall endorse thereon the date of its presentation and return, the name of the party presenting it, and a brief statement of the reasons for returning it

[10-A. Power of Court to fix a date of appearance in the Court where plaint is to be filed after its return—(1) Where, in any suit, after the defendant has appeared, the Court is of opinion that the plaint should be returned, it shall, before doing so, intimate its decision to the plaintiff.

(2) Where an intimation is given to the plaintiff, under sub-rule (1) the plaintiff may make an application to the Court-

(a) specifying the Court in which he proposes to present the plaint after its return,

(b) praying that the Court may fix a date for the appearance of the parties in the said Court, and

(c) requesting that the notice of the date so fixed may be given to him and to the defendant.

(3) Where an application is made by the plaintiff, under sub-rule (2), the Court shall, before returning the plaint and notwithstanding that the order for return of plaint was made by it on the ground that it has no jurisdiction to try the suit.-

(a) fix a date for the appearance of the parties in the Court in which the plaint is proposed to be presented, and

(b) give to the plaintiff and to the defendant notice of such date for appearance.

(4) Where the notice of the date for appearance is given under sub-rule (3),-

(a) it shall not be necessary for the Court in which the plaint is presented after its return, to serve the defendant with a summons for appearance in the suit, unless that Court for reasons to be recorded, otherwise directs, and

(b) the said notice shall be deemed to be summons for the appearance of the defendant in the Court in which the plaint is presented on the date so fixed by the Court by which the plaint was returned.

(5) Where the application made by the plaintiff under sub-rule (2) is allowed by the Court, the plaintiff shall not be entitled to appeal against the order returning the plaint.

10-B. Power of appellate Court to transfer suit to the proper Court—(1) Where, on an appeal against an order for the return of plaint, the court hearing the appeal confirms such order, the Court of appeal may, if the plaintiff by an application so desires, while returning of the plaint, direct plaintiff to file the plaint, subject to the provisions of the Limitation Act, Svt. 1995 in the Court in which the suit should have been instituted (whether such Court is within or without the State in which the Court hearing the appeal is situated), and fix a date for the appearance of the parties in the Court in which the plaint is directed to be filed and when the date is so fixed it shall not be necessary for the Court in which the plaint is filed to serve the defendant with the summons for appearance in the suit, unless that Court in which the plaint is filed, for reasons to be recorded, otherwise directs.

(2) The direction made by the Court under sub-rule (1) shall be without any prejudice to the rights of the parties to question the jurisdiction of the Court, in which the plaint is filed, to try the suit.]

11. Rejection of plaint—The plaint shall be rejected in the following cases.

(a) where it does not disclose a cause of action;

(b) where the relief claimed is undervalued, and the plaintiff, on being required by the Court to correct the valuation within a time to be fixed by the Court, fails to do so;

(c) where the relief claimed is properly valued, but the plaint is written upon paper insufficiently stamped, and the plaintiff, on being required by the Court to supply the requisite stamp paper within a time to be fixed by the Court, fails to do so;

(d) where the suit appears from the statement in the plaint to be barred by any law;

[(e) where it is not filed in duplicate;

(f) where the plaintiff fails to comply with the provisions of rule 9:]

[Provided that time fixed by the Court for the correction of the valuation or supplying of the requisite stamp-papers shall not be extended unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, is satisfied that the plaintiff was prevented by any cause of an exceptional nature from correcting the valuation or supplying the requisite stamp-papers, as the case may be, within the time fixed by the Court and that refusal to extend such time would cause grave injustice to the plaintiff.]

12. Procedure on rejecting plaint—Where a plaint is rejected the Judge shall record an order to that effect with the reasons for such order.
13. Where rejection of plaint does not preclude presentation of fresh plaint—The rejection of the plaint on any of the grounds hereinbefore mentioned shall not of its own force preclude the plaintiff from presenting a fresh plaint in respect of the same cause of action.

Documents Relied on in Plaint

[14. Production of document on which plaintiff sues or relies—(1) Where a plaintiff sues upon a document or relies upon document in his possession or power in support of his claim, he shall enter such documents in a list, and shall produce it in court when the plaint is presented by him and shall, at the same time deliver the document and a copy thereof, to be filed with the plaint.

(2) Where any such document is not in the possession or power of the plaintiff, he shall, wherever possible, state in whose possession or power it is.

(3) A document which ought to be produced in Court by the plaintiff when the plaint is presented, or to be entered in the list to be added or annexed to the plaint but is not produced or entered accordingly, shall not, without the leave of the Court, be received in evidence on his behalf at the hearing of the suit.

(4) Nothing in this rule shall apply to document produced for the cross-examination of the plaintiffs witnesses, or, handed over to a witness merely to refresh his memory.]

15. Statement in case of documents not in his possession or power—Where any such document is not in the possession or power of the plaintiff, he shall, if possible, state in whose possession or power it is.
16. Suits on lost negotiable instrument—Where the suit is founded upon a negotiable instrument, and it is proved that the instrument is lost, and an indemnity is given by the plaintiff, to the satisfaction of the Court, against the claims of any other person upon such instrument, the Court may pass such decree as it would have passed if the plaintiff had produced the instrument in Court when the plaint was presented, and had at the same time delivered a copy of the instrument to be filed with the plaint.
17. Production of shop-book—(1) Save in so far as is otherwise provided by the Banker's Books Evidence Act, 1977, where the document on which the plaintiff sues in an entry in a shop-book or other account in his possession or power, the plaintiff shall produce the book or account at the time of filing the plaint, together with a copy of the entry on which he relies.

Original entry to be marked and returned. — (2) The Court, or such officer as it appoints in this behalf, shall forthwith mark the document for the purpose of identification; and , after examining and comparing the copy with the original, shall, if it is found correct, certify it to be so and return the book to the plaintiff and cause the copy to be filed.

[***]

Order VIII (R,1-10).

Written Statement, Set-Off and Counter Claim

[1. Written statement—The defendant shall within thirty days from the date of service of summons on him present a written statement of his defence:

Provided that where the defendant fails to file the written statement within the said period of thirty days, he shall be allowed to file the same on such other day, as may be specified by the Court, for reasons to be recorded in writing, but which shall not be later than ninety days from the date of service of summons.

1-A. Duty of defendant to produce document upon which relief is claimed or relied upon by him—(1) Where the defendant bases his defence upon a document or relies upon any document in his possession or power, in support of his defence or claim for set off or counter claim, he shall enter such document in a list, and shall produce it in Court when the written statement is presented by him and shall, at the same time, deliver the document and a copy thereof, to be filed with the written statement.

(2) Where any such document is not in the possession or power of the defendant, he shall, wherever possible, state in whose possession or power it is.

(3) A document which ought to be produced in Court by the defendant under this rule, but, is not so produced shall not, without the leave of the Court, be received in evidence on his behalf at the hearing of the suit.

(4) Nothing in this rule shall apply to document—

(a) produced for the cross-examination of the plaintiffs witnesses, or

(b) handed over to a witness thereby to refresh the memory.]

2. New facts must be specially pleaded—The defendant must raise by his pleading all matters which show the suit not to be maintainable, or that the transaction is either void or voidable in point of law, and all such grounds of defence as, if not raised would be likely to take the opposite party by surprise, or would raise issues of fact not arising out of the plaint, as, for instance, fraud, limitation, release, payment performance, or fact showing illegality.
3. Denial to be specific—It shall not be sufficient for a defendant in his written statement to deny generally the grounds alleged by the plaintiff, but the defendant must deal specifically with each allegation of fact of which he does not admit the truth, except damages.
4. Evasive denial—Where a defendant denies an allegation of fact in the plaint, he must not do so evasively, but answer the point of substance. Thus, if it is alleged that he received a certain sum of money, it shall not be sufficient to deny that he received that particular amount, but he must deny that he received that sums or any part thereof, or else set out how much he received. And if an allegation is made with diverse circumstances, it shall not be sufficient to deny it along with those circumstances.
5. Specific denial—[(1)] Every allegation of fact in the plaint, if not denied specifically or by necessary implication, or stated to be not admitted in the pleading of the defendant, shall be taken to be admitted except as against a person under disability:

Provided that the Court may in its discretion require any fact so admitted to be proved otherwise than by such admission.

[(2) Where the defendant has not filed a pleading, it shall be lawful for the Court to pronounce judgment on the basis of the facts contained in the plaint except as against a person under a disability, but the Court may, in its discretion require any such facts to be proved.

(3) In exercising its discretion under the proviso to sub-rule (1) or under sub-rule(2), the Court shall have due regard to the fact whether the defendant could have, or has, engaged a pleader.

(4) Whenever a judgment is pronounced under this rule, a decree shall be drawn up in accordance with such judgment and such decree shall bear the date on which the judgment was pronounced.].

6. Particulars of set-off to be given in written statement—(1) Where in a suit for the recovery of money the defendant claims to set-off against the plaintiff's demand any ascertained sum of money legally recoverable by him from the plaintiff, not exceeding the pecuniary limits of the jurisdiction of the Court, and both parties fill the same character as they fill in the plaintiff's suit, the defendant may, at the first hearing of the suit, but not afterwards unless permitted by the Court, present a written statement containing the particulars of the debt sought to be set-off.

Effect of set-off— (2) The written statement shall have the same effect as a plaint in a cross-suit so as to enable the Court to pronounce a final judgment in respect both of the original claim and of the set-off; but this shall not affect the lien, upon the amount decreed, of any pleader in respect of the costs payable to him under the decree.

(3) The rules relating to a written statement by a defendant apply to a written statement in answer to a claim of set-off.

Illustrations

(a) A bequeaths Rs. 2,000 to B and appoints C his executor and residuary legatee. B dies and D takes out administration to B's effect. C pays Rs. 1,000 as surety for D; then D sues C for the legacy. C cannot set-off the debt of Rs.1,000 against the legacy, for neither C nor D fills the same character with respect to the legacy as they fill with respect to the payment of Rs.1,000.

(b) A dies intestate and in debt to B. C takes out administration to A's effects and B buys parts of the effects from C. In a suit for the purchase-money by C against B, the latter cannot set-off the debt against the price, for C fills two different characters, one as the vendor to B, in which he sues B, and the other as representative to A.

(c) A sues B on a bill of exchange. B alleges that A has wrongfully neglected to insure B's goods and is liable to him in compensation which he claims to set-off. The amount not being ascertained cannot be set-off.

(d) A sues B on a bill of exchange for Rs. 500. B holds a judgment against A for Rs. 1,000. The two claims being both definite, pecuniary demands may be set-off.

(e) A sues B for compensation on account of trespass. B holds a promissory note for Rs. 1,000 from A and claims to set-off that amount against any sum that A may recover in the suit. B may do so for, as soon as A recovers, both sums are definite pecuniary demands.

(f) A and B sue C for Rs. 1,000. C cannot set-off a debt due to him by A alone.

(g) A sues B and C for Rs. 1,000. B cannot set-off a debt due to him alone by A.

(h) A owes the partnership firm of B and C Rs. 1,000. B dies, leaving C surviving. A sues C for a debt of Rs. 1,500 due in his separate character. C may set-off a debt of Rs. 1,000.

[6-A. Counter-claim by defendant]—(1) A defendant in a suit may, in addition to his right of pleading a set off under rule 6, set up, by way of counter-claim against the claim of the plaintiff, any right or claim in respect of a cause of action accruing to the defendant against the plaintiff either before or after the filing of the suit but before the defendant has delivered his defence or before the time limited for delivering his defence has expired, whether such counter-claim is in the nature of a claim for damages or not:

Provided that such counter-claim shall not exceed the pecuniary limits of the jurisdiction of the Court.

(2) Such counter-claim shall have the same effect as a cross-suit so as to enable the Court to pronounce a final judgment in the same suit, both on the original claim and on the counter-claim.

(3) The plaintiff shall be at liberty to file a written statement in answer to the counter-claim of the defendant within such period as may be fixed by the Court.

(4) The counter-claim shall be treated as a plaint and governed by the rules applicable to plaints.

6-B. Counter-claim to be stated—Where any defendant seeks to rely upon any ground as supporting a right of counter-claim, he shall, in his written statement, state specifically that he does so by way of counter-claim.

6-C. Exclusion of counter-claim—Where a defendant sets up a counter-claim and the plaintiff contends that the claim thereby raised ought not to be disposed of by way of counter-claim but in an independent suit, the plaintiff may, at any time before issues are settled in relation to the counter-claim, apply to the Court for an order that such counter-claim may be excluded and the Court may, on the hearing of such application make such order as it thinks fit.

6-D. Effect of discontinuance of suit.—If in any case in which the defendant sets up a counter-claim, the suit of the plaintiff is stayed, discontinued or dismissed, the counter-claim may nevertheless be proceeded with.

6-E. Default of plaintiff to reply to counter-claim—If the plaintiff makes default in putting in a reply to the counter-claim made by the defendant, the Court may pronounce judgment against the plaintiff in relation to the counter-claim made against him, or make such order in relation to the counter-claim as it thinks fit.

6-F. Relief to defendant where counter-claim succeeds—Where in any suit a set-off or counter-claim is established as a defence against the plaintiff's claim, and any balance is found due to the plaintiff or the defendant, as the case maybe, the Court may give judgment to the party entitled to such balance.

6-G. Rules relating to written statement to apply—The rules relating to a written statement by defendant shall apply to a written statement filed in answer to a counter-claim].

7. Defence or set-off founded on separate grounds—Where the defendant relies upon several distinct grounds of defence or set-off [or counter-claim] founded upon separate and distinct facts, they shall be stated, as far as may be, separately and distinctly.
8. New ground of defence—Any ground of defence which has arisen after the institution of the suit or the presentation of a written statement claiming a set-off, [counterclaim] may be raised by the defendant or plaintiff, as the case may be, in his written statement.

[***]

[9. Subsequent pleadings—No pleading subsequent to the written statement of a defendant other than by way of defence to set off or counter-claim shall be presented except by the leave of the Court and upon such terms as the Court thinks fit, but the Court may at any time require a written statement or additional written statement from any of the parties and fix a time of not more than thirty days for presenting the same.]

[10. Procedure when party fails to present written statement called for by Court—Where any party from whom a written statement is required under rule 1 or rule 9 fails to present the same within the time permitted or fixed by the Court, as the case may be, the Court shall pronounce judgment against him, or make such order in relation to the suit as it thinks fit and on the pronouncement of such judgment a decree shall be drawn up.]

Order IX (R,1-14).

Appearance of Parties and Consequence of Non-Appearance

1. Parties to appear on day fixed in summons for defendant to appear and answer—On the day fixed in the summons for the defendant to appear and answer, the parties shall be in attendance at the Court-house in person or by their respective pleaders, and the suit shall then be heard unless the hearing is adjourned to a future day fixed by the Court.

[2. Dismissal of suit where summons not served in consequence of plaintiffs failure to pay costs—Where on the day so fixed it is found that the summons has not been served upon the defendant in consequence of the failure of the plaintiff to pay the court fee or postal charges, if any, chargeable for such service, or failure to present copies of the plaint as required by rule 9 of Order VII, the Court may make an order that the suit be dismissed:

Provided that no such order shall be made if, notwithstanding such failure, the defendant attends in person or by agent when he is allowed to appear by agent on the day fixed for him to appear and answer.]

3. Where neither party appears, suit to be dismissed.—Where neither party appears when the suit is called on for hearing, the Court, may make an order that the suit be dismissed.
4. Plaintiff may bring fresh suit or Court may restore suit to file—Where a suit is dismissed under rule 2 or rule 3, the plaintiff may (subject to the law of limitation) bring a fresh suit; or he may apply for an order to set the dismissal aside, and if he satisfies the Court that there was sufficient cause for [such failure as is referred to in rule 2] or for his non-appearance, as the case may be, the Court shall make an order setting aside the dismissal and shall appoint a day for proceeding with the suit.
5. Dismissal of suit where plaintiff, after summons returned un-served, fails for [seven days]to apply for fresh summons—[(1) Where, after a summons has been issued to the defendant, or to one of several defendants, and returned un-served, the plaintiff fails, for a period of [seven days]from the date of return made to the Court by the officer ordinarily certifying to the Court returns made by the serving officers, to apply for the issue of a fresh summons the Court shall make an order that the suit be dismissed as against such defendant, unless the plaintiff has within the said period satisfied the Court that-

(a) he had failed after using his best endeavours to discover the residence of the defendant who has not been served, or

(b) such defendant is avoiding service of process, or

(c) there is any other sufficient cause for extending the time, in which case the Court may extend the time for making such application for such period as it thinks fit.]

(2) In such case the plaintiff may (subject to the law of limitation) bring a fresh suit.

6. Procedure when only plaintiff appear—(1) Where the plaintiff appears and the defendant does not appear when the suit is called on for hearing, then

When summons duly served.— [(a) if it is proved that the summons was duly served, Court may make an order that the suit be heard ex parte;]

When summons not duly served.— (b) if it is not proved that the summons was duly served, the Court shall direct a second summons to be issued and served on the defendant;

When summons served but not in due time.— (c) if it is proved that the summons was served on the defendant, but not in sufficient time to enable him to appear and answer on the day fixed in the summons the Court shall postpone the hearing of the suit to a future day to be fixed by the Court, and shall direct notice of such day to be given to the defendant.

(2) Where it is owing to the plaintiff's default that the summons was not duly served or was not served in sufficient time, the Court shall order the plaintiff to pay the costs occasioned by the postponement.

7. Procedure where defendant appears on day of adjourned hearing and assigns good cause for previous non-appearance—Where the Court has adjourned the hearing of the suit ex parte, and the defendant, at or before such hearing, appears and assigns good cause for his previous non-appearance, he may, upon such terms as the Court directs as to costs or otherwise, be heard in answer to the suit as if he had appeared on the day fixed for his appearance.
8. Procedure where defendant only appears—Where the defendant appears and the plaintiff does not appear when the suit is called on for hearing, the Court shall make an order that the suit be dismissed, unless the defendant admits the claim, or part thereof in which case the Court shall pass the decree against the defendant upon such admission, and, where part only of the claim has been admitted, shall dismiss the suit so far as it relates to the remainder.
9. Decree against plaintiff by default bars fresh suit—(1) Where a suit is wholly or partly dismissed under rule 8, the plaintiff shall be precluded from bringing a fresh suit in respect of the same cause of action. But he may apply for an order to set the dismissal aside, and if he satisfies the Court that there was sufficient cause for his non-appearance when the suit was called on for hearing, the Court shall make an order setting aside the dismissal upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit, and shall appoint a day for proceeding with the suit.

(2) No order shall be make under this rule unless notice of the application has been served on the opposite party.

10. Procedure in case of non-attendance of one or more of several plaintiffs—Where there are more plaintiffs than one, and one or more of them appear, and the others do not appear, the Court may, at the instance of the plaintiff or plaintiffs appearing, permit the suit to proceed in the same way as if all the plaintiffs had appeared, or make such order as it thinks fit.
11. Procedure in case of non-attendance of one or more of several defendants—Where there are more defendants than one, and one or more of them appear and the others do not appear, the suit shall proceed, and the Court shall, at the time of pronouncing judgment, make such order as it thinks fit with respect to the defendants who do not appear.
12. Consequence of non-attendance, without sufficient cause shown, of party ordered to appear in person—Where a plaintiff or defendant, who has been ordered to appear in person, does not appear in person, or show sufficient cause to the satisfaction of the Court for failing so to appear, he shall be subject to all the provisions of the foregoing rules applicable to plaintiffs and defendants, respectively, who do not appear.

Setting Aside Decrees Ex Parte

13. Setting aside decree ex parte against defendant—In any case in which a decree is passed ex parte against a defendant, he may apply to the Court by which the decree was passed for an order to set it aside; and if he satisfies the Court that the summons was not duly served, or that he was prevented by any sufficient cause form appearing when the suit was called on for hearing, the Court shall make an order setting aside the decree as against him upon such terms as to costs, payment into Court or otherwise as it thinks fit, and shall appoint a day for proceeding with the suit:

Provided that where the decree is of such a nature that it cannot be set aside as against such defendant only it may be set aside as against all or any of the other defendants also:

[Provided further that no Court shall set aside a decree passed ex parte merely on the ground that there has been an irregularity in the service of summons, if it is satisfied that the defendant had notice of the date of hearing and had sufficient time to appear and answer plaintiffs claims].

14. No decree to be set aside without notice to opposite party—No decree shall be set aside on any such application as aforesaid unless notice thereof has been served on the opposite party.

Order X (R, 1-4).

Examination of Parties by the Court.

1. Ascertainment whether allegations in pleadings are admitted or denied—At the first hearing of the suit the Court shall ascertain from each party or his pleader whether he admits or denies such allegations of fact as are made in the plaint or written statement (if any) of the opposite party, and as are not expressly or by necessary implication admitted or denied by the party against whom they are made. The Court shall record such admissions and denials.

[1A. Direction of the court to opt for any one mode of alternative dispute resolution—After recording the admissions and denials, the Court shall direct the parties to the suit to opt either mode of the settlement outside the Court as specified in sub-section (1) of section 89. On the option of the parties, the Court shall fix the date of appearance before such forum or authority as may be opted by the parties.

1B. Appearance before the conciliatory forum or authority—Where a suit is referred under rule 1A, the parties shall appear before such forum or authority for conciliation of the suit.

1C. Appearance before the court consequent to the failure of efforts of conciliation—Where a suit is referred under rule 1A and the presiding officer of conciliation forum or authority is satisfied that it would not be proper in the interest of justice to proceed with the matter further, then, it shall refer the matter again to the Court and direct the parties to appear before the Court on the date fixed by it.]

[2. Oral examination of party, or companion of party—(1) At the first hearing of the suit, the Court,

(a) shall, with a view to elucidating matter in controversy in the suit, examine orally such of the parties to the suit appearing in person or present in Court, as it deems fit; and

(b) may orally examine any person, able to answer any material question relating to the suit, by whom any party appearing in person or present in Court or his pleader is accompanied.

(2) At any subsequent hearing, the Court may orally examine any party appearing in person, or present in Court, or any person able to answer any material question relating to the suit, by whom such party or his pleader is accompanied.

(3) The Court may, if it thinks fit, put in the course of an examination under this rule questions suggested by either party].

3. Substance of examination to be written—The substance of the examination shall be reduced to writing by the Judge, and shall form part of the record .
4. Consequence of refusal or inability of pleader to answer—(1) Where the pleader of any party who appears by a pleader or any such person accompanying a pleader as is referred to in rule 2, refuses or is unable to answer any material question relating to the suit which the Court is of opinion that the party whom he represents ought to answer, and is likely to be able to answer if interrogated in person, the Court [may postpone the hearing of the suit to a day not later than seven days from the date of first hearing] and direct that such party shall appear in person on such day.

(2) If such party fails without lawful excuse to appear in person on the day so appointed, the Court may pronounce judgment against him, or make such order in relation to the suit as it thinks fit.

Order XI (R,1-23)

Discovery and Inspection

1. Discovery by interrogatories—In any suit the plaintiff or defendant, by leave of the Court, may deliver interrogatories in writing for the examination of the opposite parties or any one or more of such parties, and such interrogatories when delivered shall have a note at the foot thereof stating which of such interrogatories each of such persons is required to answer:

Provided that no party shall deliver more than one set of interrogatories to the same party without an order for that purpose:

Provided also that interrogatories which do not relate any matters in question in the suit shall be deemed irrelevant, notwithstanding that they might be admissible on the oral cross-examination of a witness.

2. Particular interrogatories to be submitted—On an application for leave to deliver interrogatories, the particular interrogatories proposed to be delivered shall be submitted to the Court[and that court shall, decide within seven days from the day of filing of the said application]. In deciding upon such application, the Court shall take into account any officer which may be made by the party sought to be interrogated to deliver particulars, or to make admissions, or to produce documents relating to the matters in question, or any of them, and leave shall be given as to such only of the interrogatories submitted as the Court shall consider necessary either for disposing fairly of the suit or for saving costs.
3. Costs of interrogatories—In adjusting the costs of the suit inquiry shall at the instance of any party be made into propriety of exhibiting interrogatories, and if it is the opinion of the taxing officer or of the Court, either with or without an application for inquiry, that such interrogators have been exhibited unreasonably, vexatiously, or at improper length, the costs occasioned by the said interrogatories and the answers thereto shall be paid in any event by the party in fault.
4. Form of interrogatories—Interrogatories shall be in Form No. 2 in Appendix C, with such variations as circumstances may require.
5. Corporations—Where any party to a suit is a corporation or a body of persons, whether incorporated or not, empowered by law to sue or be sued, whether in its own name or in the name of any officer or other person, any opposite party may apply for an order allowing him to deliver interrogatories to any member or officer of such corporation or body, and an order may be made accordingly.
6. Objection to interrogatories by answer—Any objection to answering any interrogatory on the ground that it is scandalous or irrelevant or not exhibited bona fide for the purpose of the suit, or that the matters inquired into are not sufficiently material at that stage, [or on the ground of privilege or any other ground] may be taken in the affidavit in answer.
7. Setting aside and striking out interrogatories—Any interrogatories may be set aside on the ground that they have been exhibited unreasonably or vexatiously, or struck out on the ground that they are prolix, oppressive, unnecessary or scandalous; and any application for this purpose may be made within seven days after service of the interrogatories.
8. Affidavit in answer filing—Interrogatories shall be answered by affidavit to be filed within ten days, or within such other time as the Court may allow.
9. Form of affidavit in answer—An affidavit in answer to interrogatories shall be in Form No. 3 in Appendix C, with such variations as circumstances may require.
10. No exception to be taken—No exceptions shall be taken to any affidavit in answer, but the sufficiency or otherwise of any such affidavit objected to as insufficient shall be determined by the Court.
11. Order to answer or answer further—Where any person interrogated omits to answer, or answers insufficiently, the party interrogating may apply to the Court for an order requiring him to answer, or to answer further, as the case may be. And an order may be made requiring him to answer or answer further, either by affidavit or by viva voce examination, as the Court may direct.
12. Application for discovery of documents—Any party may, without filing any affidavit, apply to the Court for an order directing any other party to any suit to make discovery on oath of the documents which are or have been in his possession or power, relating to any matter in question therein. On the hearing of such application the Court may either refuse or adjourn the same, if satisfied that such discovery is not necessary, or not necessary at that stage of the suit, or make such order, either generally or limited to certain classes of documents, as may, in its discretion, be thought fit:

Provided that discovery shall not be ordered when and so far as the Court shall be of opinion that it is not necessary either for disposing fairly of the suit or for saving costs.

13. Affidavit of documents—The affidavit to be made by a party against whom such order as is mentioned in the last preceding rule has been made, shall specify which (if any) of the documents therein mentioned he objects to produce, and it shall be in Form No. 5 in Appendix C, with such variations as circumstances may require.
14. Production of documents—It shall be lawful for the Court, at any time during the pendency of any suit, to order the production by any party thereto, upon oath, of such of the documents in his possession or power, relating to any matter in question in such suit, as the Court shall think right; and the Court may deal with such documents, when produced, in such manner as shall appear just.
15. Inspection of documents referred to in pleadings or affidavits—Every party to a suit shall be entitled [at or before the settlement of issues] to give notice to any other party, in whose pleadings or affidavits reference is made to any document, [or who has entered any document in any list annexed to his pleadings] to produce such document for the inspection of the party giving such notice, or of his pleader, and to permit him or them to take copies thereof; and any party not complying with such notice shall not afterwards be at liberty to put any such document in evidence on his behalf in such suit unless he shall satisfy the Court that such document relates only to his own title, he being a defendant to the suit, or that he had some other cause or excuse which the Court shall deem sufficient for not complying with such notice, in which case the Court may allow the same to be put in evidence on such terms as to costs and otherwise as the Court shall think fit.
16. Notice to produce—Notice to any party to produce any documents referred to in his pleading or affidavits shall be in Form No.7 in Appendix C, with such variations as circumstances may require.
17. Time for inspection when notice given—The party to whom such notice is given shall, within ten days from the receipt of such notice, deliver to the party giving the same a notice stating a time within three days from the delivery thereof at which the documents, or such of them as he does not object to produce, may be inspected at the office of his pleader, or in the case of banker's books or other books of account or books in constant use for the purpose, of any trade or business, at their usual place of custody, and stating which (if any) of the documents he objects to produce, and on what ground. Such notice shall be in Form No. 8 in Appendix C, with such variations as circumstances may require.
18. Order for inspection—(1) Where the party served with notice under rule 15 omits to give such notice of a time for inspection or objects to give inspection, or officers inspection elsewhere than at the office of his pleader, the Court may, on the application of the party desiring it, make an order for inspection in such place and in such manner as it may think fit:

Provided that the order shall not be made when and so far as the Court shall be of opinion that it is not necessary either for disposing fairly of the suit or for saving costs.

(2) Any application to inspect documents, except such as are referred to in the pleadings, particulars or affidavits of the party against whom the application is made or disclosed in his affidavit of documents, shall be founded upon an affidavit showing of what documents inspection is sought that the party applying is entitled to inspect them, and that they are in the possession or power of the other party. The Court shall not make such order for inspection of such documents when and so far as the Court shall be of opinion that it is not necessary either for disposing fairly of the suit or for saving costs.

19. Verified copies—Where inspection of any business books is applied for, the Court may, if it thinks fit, instead of ordering inspection of the original books, order a copy of any entries therein to be furnished and verified by the affidavit of some person who has examined the copy with the original entries, and such affidavit shall state whether or not there are in the original book any and what erasures, inter lineations or alterations:

Provided that notwithstanding that such copy has been supplied, the Court may order inspection of the book from which the copy was made.

(2) Where on an application for an order for inspection privilege is claimed for any document, it shall be lawful for the Court to inspect the document for the purpose of deciding as to the validity of the claim of privilege, [unless the document relate to matters of state].

(3) The Court may, on the application of any party to a suit at any time, and whether an affidavit of documents shall or shall not have already been ordered or made, make an order requiring any other party to state by affidavit whether any one or more specific documents, to be specified in the application, is or are, or has or have at any time been, in his possession or power; and, if not then in his possession, when he parted with the same and what has become thereof. Such application shall be made on any affidavit stating that in the belief of the deponent the party against whom the application is made has, or has at some time had in his possession or power the document or documents specified in the application, and that they relate to the matters in question in the suit, or to some of them.

20. Premature discovery—Where the party from whom discovery of any kind or inspection is sought objects to the same, or any part thereof, the Court may, if satisfied that the right to the discovery or inspection sought depends on the determination of any issue of question in dispute in the suit, or that for any other reason it is desirable that any issue or question in dispute in the suit should be determined before deciding upon the right to the discovery or inspection, order that such issue or question be determined first, and reserve the question as to the discovery or inspection.
21. Non-compliance with order for discovery—[(1)] Where any party fails to comply with any order to answer interrogatories, or for discovery or inspection of documents, he shall, if a plaintiff, be liable to have his suit dismissed for want of prosecution, and, if a defendant, to have his defence, if any, struck out, and to be placed in the same position as if he had not defended, and the party interrogating or seeking discovery or inspection may apply to the Court for an order to that effect, and [an order may be made on such application accordingly, after notice to the parties and after giving them a reasonable opportunity of being heard].

[(2) Where an order is made under sub-rule (1) dismissing any suit, the plaintiff shall be precluded from bringing a fresh suit on the same cause of action.]

22. Using answer to interrogatories at trial—Any party may, at the trial of suit, use, in evidence any one or more of the answers or any part of an answer of the opposite party to interrogatories without putting in the others or the whole of such answer:

Provided always that in such case the Court may look at the whole of the answers, and if it shall be of opinion that any others of them are so connected with those put in that the last-mentioned answers ought not to be used without them it may direct them to be put in.

23. Orders to apply to minors—This order shall apply to minor plaintiffs and defendants, and to the next friends and guardians for the suit of persons under disability.

Order XII (R,1-9)

Admissions

1. Notice of admission of case—Any party to a suit may give notice, by his pleading, or otherwise in writing, that he admits the truth of the whole or any part of the case of any other party.
2. Notice to admit documents—Either party may call upon the other party [to admit, within [seven]days from the date of service of the notice any document] saving all just exceptions; and in case of refusal or neglect to admit, after such notice, the costs of proving any such document shall be paid by the party so neglecting or refusing, whatever the result of the suit may be, unless the Court otherwise directs; and no costs of proving any document shall be allowed unless such notice is given, except where the omission to give the notice is, in the opinion of the Court, a saving of expense.

[2-A. Documents to be deemed to be admitted if not denied after service of notice to admit documents—(1) Every document which a party is called upon to admit, if not denied specifically or by necessary implication, or stated to be not admitted in the pleading of that party or in his reply to the notice to admit documents, shall be deemed to be admitted except as against a person under a disability:

Provided that the Court may, in its discretion and for reasons to be recorded, require any document so admitted to be proved otherwise than by such admission.

(2) Where a party unreasonably neglects or refuses to admit a document after the service on him of the notice to admit documents, the Court may direct him to pay costs to the other party by way of compensation].

3. Form of notice—A notice to admit documents shall be in Form No. 9 in Appendix C, with such variations as circumstances may require.
4. Notice to admit facts—Any party may, by notice in writing, at any time not later than nine days before the day fixed for the hearing, call on any other party to admit, for the purposes of the suit only, any specific fact or facts mentioned in such notice. And in case of refusal or neglect to admit the same within six days after service of such notice, or within such further time as may be allowed by the Court, the costs of proving such fact or facts shall be paid by the party so neglecting or refusing, whatever the result of the suit may be, unless the Court otherwise directs: Provided that any admission made in pursuance of such notice is to be deemed to be made only for the purposes of the particular suit, and not as an admission to be used against the party on any other occasion or in favour of any person other than the party giving the notice.

[***]

5. Form of admissions—A notice to admit facts shall be in Form No. 10 in Appendix C, and admissions of facts shall be in Form No. 11 in Appendix C, with such variations as circumstances may require.

[6. Judgment on admissions—(1) Where admissions of fact have been made either in the pleading or otherwise, whether orally or in writing, the Court may at any stage of the suit, either on the application of any party or of its own motion and without waiting for the determination of any other question between the parties, make such order or give such judgment as it may think fit, having regard to such admissions.

(2) Whenever a judgment is pronounced under sub-rule (1) a decree shall be drawn up in accordance with the judgment and the decree shall bear the date on which the judgment was pronounced].

7. Affidavit of signature—An affidavit of the pleader or his clerk, of the due signature of any admissions made in pursuance of any notice to admit documents or facts, shall be sufficient evidence of such admissions, if evidence thereof is required.
8. Notice to produce documents—Notice to produce documents shall be in Form No. 12 Appendix C, with such variations as circumstances may require. An affidavit of the pleader, or his clerk, of the service of any notice to produce, and of the time when it was served, with a copy of the notice to produce, shall in all cases be sufficient evidence of the service of the notice, and of the time when it was served.
9. Costs—If a notice is to admit or produce specific documents which are not necessary, the cost occasioned thereby shall be borne by the party giving such notice.

Order XIII (R, 1-11)

Production, Impounding and Return of Documents

[1. Original documents to be produced at or before the settlement of issues—(1) The parties or their pleader shall produce on or before the settlement of issues, all the documentary evidence in original where the copies thereof have been filed along with plaint or written statement.

(2) The court shall receive the documents so produced: Provided that they are accompanied by an accurate list thereof prepared in such form as the High Court directs.

(3) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall apply to documents—

(a) produced for the cross-examination of the witnesses of the other party; or

(b) handed over to a witness merely to refresh his memory.]

2. Effect of non-production of documents—[(1) No documentary evidence in the possession or power of any party which should have been produced but has not been produced in accordance with the requirements of rule 1 shall be received at any subsequent stage of the proceedings unless good cause is shown to the satisfaction of the Court for the non-production thereof; and the Court receiving any such evidence shall record the reasons for so doing.

(2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall apply to documents

(a) produced for the cross-examination of the witnesses of the other party, or

(b) handed over to a witness merely to refresh his memory].

3. Rejection of irrelevant or inadmissible documents—The Court may at any stage of the suit reject any document which it considers irrelevant or otherwise inadmissible, recording the grounds of such rejection.
4. Endorsements on documents admitted in evidence—(1) Subject to the provisions of the next following sub-rule, there shall be endorsed on every document which has been admitted in evidence in the suit the following particulars, namely:-

(a) the number and title of the suit,

(b) the name of the person producing the document,

(c) the date on which it was produced, and

(d) a statement of its having been so admitted; and the endorsement shall be signed or initialled by the Judge.

(2) Where a document so admitted is an entry in a book, account or record, and a copy thereof has been substituted for the original under the next following rule, the particulars aforesaid shall be endorsed on the copy and the endorsement thereon shall be signed or initialled by the Judge.

5. Endorsements on copies of admitted entries in books, accounts and records—(1) Save in so far as is otherwise provided by the Banker's Books Evidence Act, 1977, where a document admitted in evidence in the suit is an entry in a letter-book or shop-book or other account in current use, the party on whose behalf the book or account is produced may furnish a copy of the entry.

(2) Where such a document is an entry in a public record produced from a public office or by a public officer, or an entry in a book or account belonging to person other than a party on whose behalf the book or account is produced, the court may require a copy of the entry to be furnished

(a) where the record, book or account is produced on behalf of a party, then by that party, or

(b) where the record, book or account is produced in obedience to an order of the Court acting of its own motion, then by either or any party.

(3) Where a copy of an entry is furnished under the foregoing provisions of this rule, the Court shall, after causing the copy to be examined, compared and certified in manner mentioned in rule 17 of Order VII, mark the entry and cause the book, account or record in which it occurs to be returned to the person producing it.

6. Endorsements on documents rejected as inadmissible in evidence—Where a document relied on as evidence by either party is considered by the Court to be in-admissible in evidence, there shall be endorsed thereon the particulars mentioned in clauses (a), (b) and (c) of ride 4, sub-rule (1), together with a statement of its having been rejected, and the endorsement shall be signed or initialled by the Judge.
7. Recording of admitted and return of rejected documents—(1) Every document which has been admitted in evidence, or a copy thereof where a copy has been substituted for the original under rule 5, shall form part of the record of the suit.

(2) Documents not admitted in evidence shall not form part of the record and shall be returned to the persons respectively producing them.

8. Court may order any documents to be impounded—Notwithstanding anything contained in rule 5 or rule 7 of this Order or in rule 17 of Order WI the Court may, if it sees sufficient cause, direct any document or book produced, before it in any suit to be impounded and kept in the custody of an officer of the Court for such period and subject to such conditions as the Court thinks fit.
9. Return of admitted document—(1) Any person, whether a party to the suit or not, desirous of receiving back any document produced by him in the suit and placed on the record shall, unless the document is impounded under rule 8, be entitled to receive back the same.

(a) where the suit is one in which an appeal is not allowed, when the suit has been disposed of, and

(b) where the suit is one in which an appeal is allowed, when the Court is satisfied that the time for preferring an appeal has elapsed and that no appeal has been preferred or, if an appeal has been preferred, when the appeal has been disposed of:

[Provided that a document may be returned at any time, earlier than that prescribed by this rule if the person applying thereof-

(a) delivers to the proper officer for being substituted for the original,-

(i) in the case of a party to the suit, a certified copy, and

(ii) in the case of any other person, an ordinary copy which has been examined, compared and certified in the manner mentioned in sub-rule (2) of rule 17 of Order VII, and

(b) undertakes to produce the original, if required to do so]:

Provided also that no document shall be returned which, by force of the decree, has become wholly void or useless.

(2) On the return of a document admitted in evidence, a receipt shall be given by the person receiving it.

10. Court may send for papers from its own records or from other Courts—(1) The Court may of its own motion, and may in its discretion upon the application of any of the parties to a suit, send for, either from its own records or from any other Court, the record of any other suit or proceeding, and inspect the same.

(2) Every application made under this rule shall (unless the Court otherwise directs) be supported by an affidavit showing how the record is material to the suit in which the application is made, and that the applicant cannot without unreasonable delay or expense obtain a duly authenticated copy of the record or of such portion thereof as the applicant requires, or that the production of the original is necessary for the purposes of justice.

(3) Nothing contained in this rule shall be deemed to enable the Court to use in evidence any document which under the law of evidence would be in admissible in the suit.

11. Provisions as to documents applied to material objects—The provisions herein contained as to document shall, so far as may be, apply to all other material objects producible as evidence.

Order XIV (R, 1-7)

Settlement of Issues and Determination of Suit on Issues of Law or on Issues Agreed Upon

1. Framing of issues—(1) Issues arise when a material proposition of fact or law is affirmed by the one party and denied by the other.

(2) Material propositions are those propositions of law or fact which a plaintiff must allege in order to show a right to sue or a defendant must allege in order to constitute his defence.

(3) Each material proposition affirmed by one party and denied by the other shall form the subject of a distinct issue.

(4) Issues are of two kinds: (a) Issues of fact, (b) Issues of law.

(5) At the first hearing of the suit the Court shall, after reading the plaint and the written statements, if any, and [after examination under rule 2 of Order X and after hearing the parties or their pleaders]ascertain upon what material propositions of fact or of law the parties are at variance, and shall thereupon proceed to frame and record the issues on which the right decision of the case appears to depend.

(6) Nothing in this rule requires the Court to frame and record issues where the defendant at the first hearing of the suit makes no defence.

[2. Court to pronounce judgment on all issues—(1) Notwithstanding that a case may be disposed of on a preliminary issue, the Court shall, subject to the provisions of sub-rule (2), pronounce judgment on all issues.

(2) where issues both of law and of fact arise in the same suit, and the Court is of opinion that the case or any part thereof may be disposed of on an issue of law only, it may try that issue first if that issue relates to,

(a) the jurisdiction of the Court, or

(b) a bar to the suit, created by any law for the time being in force,

and for that purpose may, if it thinks fit, postpone the settlement of the other issues until after that issue has been determined, and may deal with the suit in accordance with the decision on that issue].

3. Materials from which issues may be framed—The Court may frame the issues from all or any of the following materials:

(a) allegations made on oath by the parties, or by any persons present on their behalf, or made by the pleaders of such parties;

(b) allegations made in the pleadings or in answers to interrogatories delivered in the suit;

(c) the contents of documents produced by either party.

4. Court may examine witnesses or documents before framing issues—Where the Court is of opinion that the issues cannot be correctly framed without the examination of some person not before the Court or without the inspection of some document not produced in the suit, it [may adjourn the framing of issues to a day not later than seven days], and may (subject to any law for the time being in force) compel the attendance of any person or the production of any document by the person in whose possession or power it is by summons or other process.

[5. Powers to amend, and strike out, issues—(1) The Court may at any time before passing a decree amend the issues or frame additional issues on such terms as it thinks fit, and all such amendments or additional issues as may be necessary for determining the matters in controversy between the parties shall be so made or framed.

(2) The Court may also, at any time before passing a decree, strike out any issues that appear to it to be wrongly framed or introduced.]

6. Questions of fact or law may by agreement be stated in form of issues—Where the parties to a suit are agreed as to the question of fact or of law to be decided between them, they may state the same in the form of an issue, and enter into an agreement in writing that, upon the finding of the Court in the affirmative or the negative of such issue.-

(a) a sum of money specified in the agreement or to be ascertained by the Court, or in such manner as the Court may direct, shall be paid by one of the parties to the other of them, or that one of them be declared entitled to some right or subject to some liability specified in the agreement;

(b) some property specified in the agreement and in dispute in the suit shall be delivered by one of the parties to the other of them, or as that other may direct; or

(c) one or more of the parties shall do or abstain from doing some particular act specified in the agreement and relating to the matter in dispute.

7. Court, if satisfied that agreement was executed in good faith, may pronounce judgment—Where the Court is satisfied after making such inquiry as it deems proper,

(a) that the agreement was duly executed by the parties,

(b) that they have a substantial interest in the decision of such question as aforesaid, and

(c) that the same is fit to be tried and decided, it shall proceed to record and try the issue and state its finding or decision thereon in the same manner as if the issue had been framed by the Court;

and shall, upon the finding or decision on such issue, pronounce judgment according to the terms of the agreement; and, upon the judgment so pro-nounced, a decree shall follow.

Order XV (R,1-4)

Disposal of the Suit at the First Hearing

1. Parties not at issue—Where at the first hearing of a suit it appears that the parties are not at issue on any question of law or of fact the Court may at once pronounce judgment.
2. One of several defendants not at issue—[(1)] Where there are more defendant than one, and any one of the defendants is not at issue with the plaintiff on any question of law or fact, the Court may at once pronounce judgment for or against such defendant and the suit shall proceed only against the other defendants.

[(2) Whenever a judgment is pronounced under this rule, a decree shall be drawn up in accordance with such judgment and the decree shall bear the date on which the judgment was pronounced.]

3. Parties at issue—(1) Where the parties are at issue on some question of law or of fact, and issues have been framed by the Court as hereinbefore provided, if the Court is satisfied that no further argument or evidence than the parties can at once adduce is required upon such of the issues as may be sufficient for the decision of the suit, and that no injustice will result from proceeding with the suit forthwith, the Court may proceed to determine such issues, and, if the finding thereon is sufficient for the decision, may pronounce judgment accordingly, whether the summons has been issued for the settlement of issues only or for the final disposal of the suit:

Provided that, where the summons has been issued for the settlement of issues only, the parties or their pleaders are present and none of them objects.

(2) Where the finding is not sufficient for the decision, that Court shall postpone the further hearing of the suit, and shall fix a day for the production of such further evidence, or for such further argument as the case requires.

4. Failure to produce evidence—Where the summons has been issued for the final disposal of the suit and either party fails without sufficient cause to produce the evidence on which he relies, the Court may at once pronounce judgment, or may, if it thinks fit after framing and recording issues, adjourn the suit for the production of such evidence as may be necessary for its decision upon such issues.

Order XVI (R, 1-21)

Summoning and Attendance of Witnesses

[1. List of witnesses and summons to witnesses—(1) On or before such date as the Court may appoint, and not later than fifteen days after the date on which the issues are settled, the parties shall present in Courts a list of witnesses whom they propose to call either to give evidence or to produce documents and obtain summons to such person for their attendance in Court.

(2) A party desirous of obtaining any summons for the attendance of any person shall file in Court an application stating therein the purpose for which the witness is proposed to be summoned.

(3) The Court may, for reasons to be recorded, permit a party to call, whether by summoning through Court or otherwise, any witness, other than those whose names appear in the list referred to in sub-rule (1), if such party shows sufficient cause for the omission to mention the name of such witness in the said list.

(4) Subject to the provisions of sub-rule (2), summons referred to in this rule may be obtained by the parties on an application to the Court or to such officer as may be appointed by the [Court in this behalf within five days of presenting the list of witnesses under sub-rule (1)].].

[1A. Production of witnesses without summons—Subject to provisions of sub-rule (3) of rule 1, any party to the suit may, without applying for summons under rule 1, bring any witness to give evidence or to produce documents].

2. Expenses of witness to be paid into Court on applying for summons—(1) The party applying for a summons shall, before the summons is granted and [which shall not be later than seven days from the date of making application under sub-rule (4) of rule 1], pay into Court such a sum of money as appears to the Court to be sufficient to defray the travelling and other expenses of the person summoned in passing to and from the Court in which he is required to attend, and for one day's attendance.

Experts.—(2) In determining the amount payable under this rule, the Court may, in the case of any person summoned to give evidence as an expert, allow reasonable remuneration for the time occupied both in giving evidence and in performing any work of an expert character necessary for the case.

Scale of expenses—(3) [Where the Court is subordinate to the High Court], regard shall be had, in fixing the scale of such expenses, to any rules made in that behalf.

Expenses to be directly paid to witness—[(4) Where the summons is served directly by the party on a witness, the expenses referred to in sub-rule (1) shall be paid to the witness by the party or his agent.]

3. Tender of expenses to witness—The sum so paid into Court shall be tendered to the person summoned, at the time of serving the summons, if it can be served personally.
4. Procedure where insufficient sum paid in—(1) Where it appears to the Court or to such officer as it appoints in this behalf that the sum paid into Court is not sufficient to cover such expenses or reasonable remuneration, the Court may direct such further sum to be paid to the person summoned as appears to be necessary on that account, and, in case of default in payment, may order such sum to be levied by attachment and sage of the movable property of the party obtaining the summons, or the Court may discharge the person summoned without requiring him to give evidence; or may both order such levy and discharge such person as aforesaid.

Expenses of witnesses detained more than one day.—(2) Where it is necessary to detain the person summoned for longer period than one day, the Court may, from time to time, order the party at whose instance he was summoned to pay into Court such sum as it sufficient to defray the expenses of his detention for such further period, and, in default of such deposit being made, may order such sum to be levied by attachment and sale of the movable property of such party; or the Court may discharge the person summoned without requiring him to give evidence; or may both order such levy and discharge such person as aforesaid.

5. Time, place and purpose of attendance to be specified in summons—Every summons for the attendance of a person to give evidence or to produce a document shall specify the time and place at which he is required to attend, and also whether his attendance is required for the purpose of giving evidence or to produce a document, or for both purposes; and any particular document, which the person summoned is called on to produce, shall be described in the summons with reasonable accuracy.
6. Summons to produce document—Any person may be summoned to produce a document, without being summoned to give evidence; and any person summoned merely to produced a document shall be deemed to have complied with the summons if he causes such document to be produced instead of attending personally to produce the same.
7. Power to require persons present in Court to give evidence or produce document—Any person present in Court may be required by the Court to give evidence or to produce any document then and there in his possession or power.

[7-A. Summons given to party for service — (1) The Court may, on the application of any party for issue of summons for the attendance of any person, permit such party to effect service of such summons on such person and shall, in such a case, deliver the summons to such party for service.

(2) The service of such summons shall be effected by or on behalf of such party by delivering or tendering to the witness personally a copy thereof signed by the judge or such officer of the Court as he may appoint in this behalf and sealed with the seal of the Court.

(3) The provisions of rules 16 and 18 of Order V shall apply to a summons personally served under this rule as if the person effecting service were a serving officer.

(4) If such summons, when tendered, is refused or if the person served refuses to sign and acknowledgement of service or for any reason such summons cannot be served personally, the Court shall, on the application of the party, re-issue such summons to be served by the Court in the same manner as a summons to a defendant.

(5) Where a summons is served by a party under this rule, the party shall not be required to pay the fees otherwise chargeable for the service of summons.]

8. Summons how served—Every summons [under this Order, not being a summons delivered to a party for service under rule 7-A] shall be served as nearly as may be in the same manner as a summons to a defendant, and the rules in Order V as to proof or service shall apply in the case of all summons served under this rule.
9. Time for serving summons—Service shall in all cases be made a sufficient time before the time specified in the summons for the attendance of the person summoned, to allow him a reasonable time for preparation and for travelling to the place at which his attendance is required.
10. Procedure where witness fails to comply with summons—[(1) Where a person to whom a summons has been issued either to attend to give evidence or to produce a document fails to attend or to produce the document in compliance with such summons, the Court-

(a) shall, if the certificate of the serving officer has not been so verified, by affidavit, or if service of the summons has been effected by a party or his agent, or

(b) may, if the certificate of the serving officer has been so verified,

examine on oath the serving officer or the party or his agent, as the case may be, who has effected service, or cause him to be so examined by any Court, touching the service or non-service of the summons.]

(2) Where the Court sees reason to believe that such evidence or production is material, and that such person has, without lawful excuse, failed to attend or to produce the document in compliance with such summons or has intentionally avoided service, it may issue a proclamation requiring him to attend to give evidence or to produce the document at a time and place to be named therein; and a copy of such proclamation shall be affixed on the outer doer or other conspicuous part of the house in which he ordinarily resides.

(3) In lieu of or at the time of issuing such proclamation, or at any time afterwards, the Court may, in its discretion, issue a warrant, either with or without bail, for the arrest of such person, and may make an order for the attachment of his property to such amount as it thinks fit, not exceeding the amount of the costs of attachment and of any fine which may be imposed under rule 12:

Provided that no Court of Small Causes shall make an order for the attachment of immovable property.

11. If witness appears, attachment may be withdrawn—Where, at any time after the attachment of his property such person appears and satisfies the Court,

(a) that he did not, without lawful excuse, fail to comply with the summons or intentionally avoid service, and

(b) where he has failed to attend at the time and place named in a proclamation issued under the last preceding rule, that he had no notice of such proclamation in time to attend,

the Court shall direct that the property be released from attachment, and shall make such order as to the costs of the attachment as it thinks fit.

12. Procedure if witness fails to appear—[(1)] The Court may, where such person does not appear, or appears but fails so to satisfy the Court, impose upon him such fine not exceeding five hundred rupees, as it thinks fit, having regard to his condition in life and all the circumstances of the case, and may order his property, or any part thereof, to be attached and sold, or, if already attached under rule 10, to be sold for the purpose of satisfying all costs of such attachment, together with the amount of the said fine, if any:

Provided that, if the person whose attendance is required pays into Court the costs and fine aforesaid, the Court shall order the property to be released from attachment.

[(2) Notwithstanding that the Court has not issued a proclamation under sub-rule (2) of rule 10 nor issued warrant, nor ordered attachment under sub-rule (3) of that rule, the Court may impose fine under sub-rule (1) of this rule after giving notice to such person to show cause why the fine should not be imposed].

13. Mode of attachment—The provisions with regard to attachment and sale of property in the execution of a decree shall, so far as they are applicable, be deemed to apply to any attachment and sale under this Order as if the person whose property is so attached were a judgment-debtor.
14. Court may of its own accord summons as witnesses strangers to suit—Subject to the provisions of this Code as to attendance and appearance and to any law for the time being in force, where the Court at any time thinks it necessary [to examine any person, including a party to the suit]and not called as a witness by a party to the suit, the Court may, of its own motion, cause such person to be summoned as a witness to give evidence, or to produce any document in his possession, on a day to be appointed, and may examine him as a witness or require him to produce such document.
15. Duty of person summoned to give evidence or produce document—Subject as last aforesaid, whoever is summoned to appear and give evidence in a suit shall attend at the time and place named in the summons for that purpose, and whoever is summoned to produce a document shall either attend to produce it, or cause it to be produced, at such time and place.
16. When they may depart—(1) A person so summoned and attending shall, unless the Court otherwise directs, attend at each hearing until the suit has been disposed of.

(2) On the application of either party and the payment through the Court of all necessary expenses (if any), the Court may require any person so summoned and attending to furnish security to attend at the next or any other hearing or until the suit is disposed of and, in default of his furnishing such security, may order him to be detained in the civil prison.

17. Application of rules 10 to 13—The provisions of rules 10 to 13 shall, so far as they are applicable, deemed to apply to any person who having attended in compliance with a summons departs, without lawful excuse, in contravention of rule 16.
18. Procedure where witness apprehended cannot give evidence or produce document—Where any person arrested under a warrant is brought before the Court in custody and cannot, owing to the absence of the parties or any of them, give the evidence or produce the document which he has been summoned to give or produce, the court may require him to give reasonable bail or other security for his appearance at such time and place as it thinks fit, and, on such bail or security being given, may release him, and, in default of his giving such bail or security, may order him to be detained in the civil prison.
19. No witness to be ordered to attend in person unless resident within certain limits—No one shall be ordered to attend in person to give evidence unless he resides

(a) within the local limits of the Court's ordinary original jurisdiction, or

(b) without such limits but at a place less than [one hundred] or (where there is railway communication or other established public conveyance for five-sixth of the distance between the place where he resides and the place where the Court is situate) less than [five hundred kilometers] distance from the Court-house: [Provided that where transport by air is available between the two places mentioned in this rule and the witness is paid tho, fare by air, he may be ordered to attend in person].

20. Consequence of refusal of party to give evidence when called on by Court—Where any party to a suit present in Court refuses, without lawful excuse, when required by the Court, to give evidence or to produce any document then and there in his possession or power, the Court may pronounce judgment against him or make such order in relation to the suit as it thinks fit.
21. Rules as to witnesses to apply to parties summoned—Where any party to a suit is required to give evidence or to produce a document, the provisions as to witnesses shall apply to him so far as they are applicable.

[Order XVI-A (R,1-7)]

Attendance or Witnesses Confined or Detained in Prisons.

1.—In this order-

(a) "detained" includes detained under any law providing for preventive detention;

(b) "prison' includes

(i) any place which has been declared by the State Government, by general or special order, to be a subsidiary jail; and

(ii) any reformatory/ borstal institution or other institution of a like nature.

2. Power to require attendance of prisoners to give evidence—Where it appears to a Court that the evidence of a person confined or detained in a prison within the State is material in a suit, the Court may make an order requiring the officer in-charge of the prison to produce that person before the Court to give evidence:

Provided that, if the distance from the prison to the Court-house is more than twenty-five kilometres, no such order shall be made unless the Court is satisfied that the examination of such person on commission will not be adequate.

3. Expenses to be paid into Court—(1) Before making any order under rule 2 the Court shall require the party at whose instance or for whose benefit the order is to be issued, to pay into Court such sum of money as appears to the Court to be sufficient to defray the expenses of the execution of the order, including the travelling and other expenses of the escort provided for the witness.

( 2) Where the Court is subordinate to a High Court, regard shall be had, in fixing the scale of such expenses, to any rules made by the High Court in that behalf.

4. Power of Government to exclude certain persons from the operation of rule 2—(1) The Government may, at any time, having regard to the matters specified in sub-rule (2), by general or special order, direct that any person or class of persons shall not be removed from the prison in which he or they may be confined or detained, and thereupon, so long as the order remains in force, no order made under rule 2, whether before or after the date of the order made by the Government, shall have effect in respect of such person or class of persons.

(2) Before making an order under sub-rule (1), the State Government shall have regard to the following matters, namely:

(a) the nature of the offence for which, or the grounds on which, the person or class of persons have been ordered to be confined or detained in prison;

(b) the likelihood of the disturbance of public order if the person or class of persons is allowed to be removed from the prison; and

(c) the public interest, generally.

5. Officer In-charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain cases—Where the person in respect of whom an order is made under rule 2

(a) is certified by the medical officer so attached the person as unfit to be removed from the prison by reason of sickness or infirmity; or

(b) is under committal for trial or under remand pending trial or pending a preliminary investigation; or

(c) is in custody for a period which could expire before the expiration of the time required for complying with the order and for taking him back to the prison in which he is confined or detained; or

(d) is a person to whom an order made by the Government under rule 4 applies;

the officer In-charge of the prison shall abstain from carrying out the Court's order and shall send to the Court a statement of reasons for so abstaining.

6. Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody—In any other case, the officer In-charge of the prison shall, upon delivery of the Court's order, cause the person named therein to be taken to the Court so as to be present at the time mentioned in such order, and shall cause him to be kept in custody in or near the Court until he has been examined or until the Court authorities him to be taken back to the prison in which he is confined or detained.
7. Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison—(1) Where it appears to the Court that the evidence of a person confined or detained in a prison, whether within the State or elsewhere in India, is material in a suit but the attendance of such person cannot be secured under the preceding provisions of this order, the Court may issue a commission for the examination of that person in the prison in which he is confined or detained.

(2) The provisions of Order XXVI shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to the examination on commission of such person in prison as they apply in relation to the examination on commission of any other person.

Order XVII (R,1-3)

Adjournments

1. Court may grant time and adjourn hearing—[(1) The court may, if sufficient cause is shown, at any stage of the suit grant time to the parties or to any of them, and may from time to time adjourn the hearing of the suit for reasons to be recorded in writing:

Provided that no such adjournment shall be granted more than three times to a party during hearing of the suit.]

Costs of adjournment

(2) In every such case the Court shall fix a day for the further hearing of the suit, and [shall make such orders as to costs occasioned by the adjournment or such higher costs as the court deems fit]:

[Provided that,

(a) when the hearing of the suit has commenced, it shall be continued from day to day until all the witnesses in attendance have been examined, unless the Court finds that, for the exceptional reasons to be recorded by it, the adjournment of the hearing beyond the following day is necessary,

(b) no adjournment shall be granted at the request of a party, except where the circumstances are beyond the control of that party,

(c) the fact that the pleader of a party is engaged in another Court, shall not be a ground for adjournment,

(d) where the illness of a pleader or his inability to conduct the case for any reason, other than his being engaged in another Court, is put forward as a ground for adjournment, the Court shall not grant the adjournment unless it is satisfied that the party applying for adjournment could not have engaged another pleader in time,

(e) where a witness is present in Court but a party or his pleader is not present or the party or his pleader, through present in the Court, is not ready to examine or cross-examine the witness, the Court may, if it thinks fit, record the statement of the witness and pass such orders as it thinks fit dispensing with the examination-in-chief or cross-examination of the witness, as the case may be, by the party or his pleader not present or not ready as aforesaid].

2. Procedure if parties fail to appear an day fixed—Where, on any day to which the hearing of the suit is adjourned, the parties or any of them fail to appear, the Court may proceed to dispose of the suit in one of the modes directed in that behalf by Order IX or make such other order as it thinks fit.

[Explanation.— Where the evidence or a substantial portion of the evidence of any party has already been recorded and such party fails to appear on any day to which the hearing of the suit is adjourned, the Court may, in its discretion, proceed with the case as if such party was present].

3. Court may proceed notwithstanding either party fails to produce evidence, etc—Where any party to a suit to whom time has been granted fails to produce his evidence, or to cause the attendance of his witnesses, or to perform any other act necessary to the further progress of the suit, for which time has been allowed, [the Court may, notwithstanding such default,

(a) if the parties are present, proceed to decide the suit forthwith; or

(b) if the parties are, or any of them is absent, proceed under rule 2].

Order XVIII (R,1-18)

Hearing of the Suit and Examination of Witnesses

1. Right to begin— The plaintiff has the right to begin unless the defendant admits the facts alleged by the plaintiff and contends that either in point of law or on some additional facts alleged by the defendant the plaintiff is not entitled to any part of the relief which he seeks, in which case the defendant has the right to begin.
2. Statement and production of evidence—(1) On the day fixed for the hearing of the suit or on any other day to which the hearing is adjourned, the party having the right to begin shall state his case and produce his evidence in support of the issues which he is bound to prove.

(2) The other party shall then state his case and produce his evidence (if any) and may then address the Court generally on the whole case.

(3) The party beginning may then reply generally on the whole case. [(4) Any party may address oral arguments in a case, and shall, before he concludes the oral arguments, if any, submit if the Court so permits concisely and under distinct headings written arguments in support of his case to the Court and such written arguments shall form part of the record.

(5) A copy of such written arguments shall be simultaneously furnished to the opposite party.

(6) No adjournment shall be granted for purpose of filing the written arguments unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded in writing, considers it necessary to grant such adjournment.

(7) The Court shall fix such time limits for the oral arguments by either of the parties in a case, as it thinks fit.]

3. Evidence where several issues—Where there are several issues, the burden of proving some of which lies on the other party, the party beginning may, at his option, either produce his evidence on those issues or reserve it by way of answer to the evidence produced by the other party; and, in the later case, the party beginning may produce evidence on those issues after the other party has produced all his evidence, and the other party may then reply especially on the evidence so produced by the party beginning; but the party beginning will then be entitled to reply generally on the whole case.

[3-A. Party to appear before other witnesses—Where a party himself wishes to appear as a witness, he shall so appear before any other witness on his behalf has been examined unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, permits him to appear as his own witness at a later stage].

[4. Recording of evidence—(1) In every case, the examination-in-chief of a witness shall be on affidavit and copies thereof shall be supplied to the opposite party by the party who calls him for evidence:

Provided that where documents are filed and the parties rely upon the documents, the proof and admissibility of such documents which are filed along with affidavit shall be subject to the orders of the Court.

(2) The evidence (cross-examination and re-examination) of the witness in attendance, whose evidence (examination-in-chief) by affidavit has been furnished to the Court, shall be taken either by the Court or by the Commissioner appointed by it:

Provided that the Court may, while appointing a commission under this sub-rule, consider taking into account such relevant factors as it thinks fit.

(3) The Court or the Commissioner, as the case may be, shall record evidence either in writing or mechanically in the presence of the Judge or of the Commissioner, as the case may be, and where such evidence is recorded by the Commissioner he shall return such evidence together with his report in writing signed by him to the Court appointing him and the evidence taken under it shall form part of the record of the suit.

(4) The Commissioner may record such remarks as he thinks material respecting the demeanour of any witness while under examination:

Provided that any objection raised during the recording of evidence before the Commissioner shall be recorded by him and decided by the Court at the stage of arguments.

(5) The report of the Commissioner shall be submitted to the Court appointing the commission within sixty days from the date of issue of the commission unless the Court for reasons to be recorded in writing extends the time.

(6) The High Court or the District Judge, as the case may be, shall prepare a panel of Commissioners to record the evidence under this rule.

(7) The Court may by general or special order fix the amount to be paid as remuneration for the services of the Commissioner.

(8) The provisions of rules 16, 16A, 17 and 18 of Order XXVI, in so far as they are applicable, shall apply to the issue, execution and return of such commission under this rule.]

[5. How evidence shall be taken in appealable cases—In cases in which an appeal is allowed the evidence of each witness shall be,-

(a) taken down in the language of the Court,-

(i) in writing by, or in the presence and under the personal direction and superintendence of the Judge, or

(ii) from the dictation of the Judge directly on a type-writer; or

(b) if the Judge, for reasons to be recorded, so directs recorded mechanically in the language of the Court in the presence of the Judge].

6. When deposition to be interpreted— Where the evidence is taken down in a language different from that in which it is given, and the witness does not understand the language in which it is taken down, the evidence as taken down in writing shall be interpreted to him in the language in which it is given.
7. Evidence under section 138— Evidence taken down under section 138 shall be in the form prescribed by rule 5 and shall be read over and signed and, as occasion may require, interpreted and corrected as if it were evidence taken down under that rule.
8. Memorandum when evidence not taken down by Judge.— Where the evidence is not taken down in writing by the Judge, [or from his dictation in the open court, or recorded mechanically in his presence,] he shall be bound, as the examination of each witness proceeds, to make a memorandum of the substance of what each witness deposes, and such memorandum shall be written and signed by the Judge and shall form part of the record.

[9. When evidence may be taken in English—(1) Where English is not the language of the Court, but all the parties to the suit who appear in person, and the pleaders of such of the parties as appear by pleader, do not object to having such evidence as is given in English, being taken down in English, the Judge may so take it down or cause it to be taken down.

(2) Where evidence is not given in English but all the parties who appear in person, and the pleader of such of the parties as appear by pleaders, do not object to having such evidence being taken down in English, the Judge may take it down, or cause to be taken down, such evidence in English].

10. Any particular question and answer may be taken down—The Court may, of its own motion or on the application of any party or his pleader, take down any particular question and answer, or any objection to any question, if there appears to be any special reason for so doing.
11. Question subjected to and allowed by Court—Where any question put to a witness is objected to by a party or his pleader, and the Court allows the same to be put, the Judge shall take down the question, the answer, the objection and the name of the person making it, together with the decision of the Court thereon.
12. Remarks on demeanour of witnesses—The Court may record such remarks as it thinks material respecting the demeanour of any witness while under examination.

[13. Memorandum of evidence in un-appealable cases—In cases in which an appeal is not allowed, it shall not be necessary to take down or dictate or record the evidence of the witnesses at length; but the Judge, as the examination of each witness proceeds, shall make in writing, or dictate directly on the type-writer, or cause to be mechanically recorded, a memorandum of the substance of what the witness deposes, and such memorandum shall be signed by the Judge or otherwise authenticated, and shall form part of the record].

[14.—Omitted]

15. Power to deal with evidence taken before another Judge—(1) Where a Judge is prevented by death, transfer or other cause from concluding the trial of a suit, his successor may deal with any evidence or memorandum taken down or made under the foregoing rules as if such evidence or memorandum had been taken down or made by him or under his direction under the said rules and may proceed with the suit from the stage at which his predecessor left.

(2) The provisions of sub-rule (1) shall, so far as they are applicable, be deemed to apply to evidence taken in a suit transferred under section 24.

16. Power to examine witness immediately—(1) Where a witness is about to leave the jurisdiction of the Court, or other sufficient cause is shown to the satisfaction of the Court why his evidence should be taken immediately, the Court may, upon the application of any party or of the witness, at any time after the institution of the suit, take the evidence of such witness in manner hereinbefore provided.

(2) Where such evidence is not taken forthwith and in the presence of the parties, such notice as the Court thinks sufficient, of the day fixed for the examination, shall be given to the parties.

(3) The evidence so taken shall be read over to the witness, and, if he admits it to be correct, shall be signed by him, and the Judge shall; if necessary, correct the same, and shall sign it, and it may then be read at any hearing of the suit.

17. Court may recall and examine witness—The Court may at any stage of a suit recall any witness who has been examined and may (subject to the law of evidence for the time being in force) put such questions to him as the Court thinks fit.

[***]

18. Power of Court to inspect—The Court may at any stage of a suit inspect any property or thing concerning which any question may arise [and where the Court inspects any property or thing it shall as soon as may be practicable, make a memorandum of any relevant facts observed at such inspection and such memorandum shall form a part of the record of the suit].

[19. Power to get statement recorded on commission—Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, the Court may, instead of examining witnesses in open Court, direct their statements to be recorded on commission under rule 4A of Order XXVI.]

Order XIX (R,1-3)

Affidavits

1. Power to order any point to be proved by affidavit—Any Court may at any time for sufficient reason order that any particular fact or facts may be proved by affidavit, or that the affidavit of any witness may be read at the hearing, on such conditions as the Court thinks reasonable:

Provided that where it appears to the Court that either party bona fide desires the production of a witness for cross-examination, and that such witness can be produced, an order shall not be made authorising the evidence of such witness to be given by affidavit.

2. Power to order attendance of deponent for cross- examination—(1) Upon any application evidence may be given by affidavit, but the Court may, at the instance of either party, order the attendance for cross-examination of the deponent.

(2) Such attendance shall be in Court, unless the deponent is exempted from.personal appearance in Court, or the Court otherwise directs.

3. Matters to which affidavits shall be confined—Affidavits shall be confined to such facts as the deponent is able of his own knowledge to prove, except on interlocutory applications, on which statements of his belief may be admitted: provided that the grounds thereof are stated.

(2) The costs of every affidavit which shall unnecessarily set forth matters of hearsay or argumentative matter, or copies of or extracts from documents, shall (unless the Court otherwise directs) be paid by the party filing the same.

Order XX (R,1.20)

Judgment and Decree

1. Judgment when pronounced— [(1) The Court, after the case has been heard, shall pronounce judgment in an open Court, either at once, or as soon thereafter as may be practicable and when the judgment is to be pronounced on some future day, the Court shall fix a day for that purpose of which due notice shall be given to the parties or their pleaders:

Provided that where the judgment is not pronounced at once, every endeavour shall be made by the Court to pronounce the judgment within thirty days from the date on which the hearing of the case was concluded but, where it is not practicable so to do on the ground of the exceptional and extraordinary circumstances of the case, the Court shall fix a future day for the pronouncement of the judgment, and such day shall not ordinarily be a day beyond sixty days from the date on which the hearing of the case was concluded, and due notice of the day so fixed shall be given to the parties or their pleaders.]

[(2) Where a written judgment is to be pronounced, it shall be sufficient if the findings of the Court on each issue and the final order passed in the case are read out and it shall not be necessary for the court to read out the whole judgment, [***].

(3) The judgment may be pronounced by dictation in open court to a shorthand writer if the Judge is specially empowered by the High Court in this behalf:

Provided that, where the judgment is pronounced by dictation in open Court, the transcript of the judgment so pronounced shall, after making such correction therein as may be necessary, be signed by the Judge, bear the date on which it was pronounced, and form a part of the record].

2.—Power to pronounce judgement written by Judge's predecessor—[A Judge shall]pronounce a judgement written but not pronounced by his predecessor.

3. Judgements to be signed—The judgement shall be dated and signed by the Judge in open Court at the time of pronouncing it and, when once signed, shall not afterwards be altered or added to, save as provided by section 152 or on review.
4. Judgement of Small Cause Courts—(1) Judgements of a Court of Small Causes need not contain more than the points for determination and the decision thereon.

Judgements of other Courts.— (2) Judgements of other courts shall contain a concise statement of the case, the points for determination, the decision thereon and the reasons for such decision.

5. Court to state its decision on each issue—In suits in which issues have been framed, the Court shall state its finding or decision, with the reasons therefor, upon each separate issue, unless the finding upon any one or more of the issue is sufficient for the decision of the suit.

[5-A. Court to inform parties as to where an appeal lies in cases where parties are not represented by pleaders.—Except where both the parties are represented by pleaders, the Court shall, when it pronounces its judgement in a case subject to appeal, inform the parties present in Court as to the Court which an appeal lies and the period of limitation for the filing of such appeal and place on record the information so given to the parties].

6. Contents of decree—(1) The decree shall agree with the judgment; it shall contain the number of the suit, the [names and descriptions of the parties, their registered addresses] and particulars of the claim, and shall specify clearly the relief granted or other determination of the suit.

(2) The decree shall also state the amount of costs incurred in the suit, and by venom or out of what property and in what proportions such costs are to be paid.

(3) The Court may direct that the costs payable to one party by the other shall be set-off against any sum which is admitted or found to be due from the former to the later.

[6A. Preparation of decree—(1) Every endeavour shall be made to ensure that the decree is drawn up as ex-seditiously as possible and, in any case, within fifteen days from the date on which the judgement is pronounced.

(2) An appeal may be preferred against the decree without filing a copy of the decree and in such a case the copy made available to the party by the Court shall for the purposes of rule 1 of Order XLI be treated as the decree. But as soon as the decree is drawn, the judgement shall cease to have the effect of a decree for the purposes of execution or for any other purpose.

6B. Copies of judgements when to be made available—Where the judgement is pronounced, copies of the judgement shall be made available to the parties immediately after the pronouncement of the judgement for preferring an appeal on payment of such charges as may be specified in the rules made by the High Court.]

7. Date of decree—The decree shall bear date the day on which the judgment was pronounced, and, when the Judge has satisfied himself that the decree has been drawn up in accordance with the judgment, he shall sign the decree.
8. Procedure where Judge has vacated office before signing decree—Where a Judge has vacated office after pronouncing judgment but without signing the decree, a decree drawn up in accordance with such judgment may be signed by his successor or, if the Court has ceased to exist, by the Judge of any Court to which such Court was subordinate.
9. Decree for recovery of immovable property—Where the subject-matter of the suit is immovable property, the decree shall contain a description of such property sufficient to identify the same and where such property can be identified by boundaries or by numbers in a record of settlement of survey, the decree shall specify such boundaries or numbers.
10. Decree for delivery of movable property—Where the suit is for movable property, and the decree is for the delivery of such property, the decree shall also state the amount of money to be paid as an alternative if delivery cannot be had.
11. Decree may direct payment by instalments—(1) Where and in so far as a decree is for the payment of money, the Court may for any sufficient reason [incorporate in the decree, after hearing such of the parties who had appeared personally or by pleader at the last hearing, before judgment, an order that] payment of the amount decreed shall be postponed or shall be made by instalments, with or without interest, notwithstanding anything contained in the contract under which the money is payable.

Order, after decree, for payment by instalments.—(2) After the passing of any such decree the Court may, on the application of the judgment-debtor and with the consent of the decree-holder, or without such consent for special reasons which are to be recorded, order that payment of the amount decreed shall be postponed or shall be made by instalments on such terms as to the payment of interest the attachment of the property of the judgment-debtor, or the taking of security from him, or otherwise, as it thinks fit.

12. Decree for possession and mesne profits—(1) Where a suit is for the recovery of possession of immovable property and for rent or mesne profits, the Court may pass a decree-

(a) for the possession of the property;

[(b) for the rents which have accrued on the property during the period prior to the institution of the suit or directing an inquiry as to such rent;

(b-a) for the mesne profits or directing an inquiry as to such mesne profits.]

(c) directing an inquiry as to rent or mesne profits from the institution of the suit until

(i) the delivery of possession to the decree-holder,

(ii) the relinquishment of possession by the judgment-debtor with notice to the decree-holder through the Court, or

(iii) the expiration of three years from the date of the decree,

whichever event first occurs.

(2) Where an inquiry is directed under clause (b) or clause (c), a final decree in respect of the rent or mesne profits shall be passed in accordance with the result of such inquiry.

[12-A. Decree for specific performance of contract for the sale or lease of immovable property—Where a decree for the specific performance of a contract for the sale or Base of immovable property orders that the purchase money or other sum be paid by the purchaser or lessee, it shall specify the period within which the payment shall be made].

13. Decree in administration-suit—(1) Where a suit is for an account of any property and for its due administration under the decree of the Court, the Court shall, before passing the final decree, pass a preliminary decree, ordering such accounts and inquiries to be taken and made, and giving such other directions as it thinks fit.

(2) In the administration by the Court of the property of any deceased person, if such property proves to be insufficient for the payment in full of his debts and liabilities, the same rules shall be observed as to the respective rights of secured and unsecured creditors and as to debts and liabilities provable, and as to the valuation of annuities and future and contingent liabilities respectively, as may be in force for the time being, within the local limits of the Court in which the administration-suit is pending with respect to the estates of persons adjudged or declared insolvent; and all persons who in any such case would be entitled to be paid out of such property, may come in under the preliminary decree, and make such claims against the same as they may respectively be entitled to by virtue of this Code.

14. Decree in right of prior purchase suit—(1) Where the Court decrees a claim to right of prior purchase in respect of a particular sale or property and the purchase-money has not been paid into Court, the decree shall

(a) specify a day on or before which the purchase-money shall be so paid, and

(b) direct that on payment into Court or such purchase-money, together with the costs (if any) decreed against the plaintiff, on or before the day referred to in cause (a), the defendant shall deliver possession of the property to the plaintiff, whose title thereto shall be deemed to have accrued from the date of such payment, but that, if the purchase-money and the costs (if any) are not so paid, the suit shall be dismissed with the costs.

(2) Where the Court has adjudicated upon rival claims to right of prior purchase, the decree shall direct,

(a) if and in so far as the claims decreed are equal in degree, that the claim of each pre-emptor complying with the provisions of sub-rule (1) shall take effect in respect of a proportionate share of the property including any proportionate share in respect of which the claim of any pre-emptor failing to comply with the said provisions would, but for such default, have taken effect; and

(b) if and in so far as the claims decreed are different in degree, that the claim of the inferior pre-emptor shall not take effect unless and until the superior pre-emptor has failed to comply with the said provisions.

15. Decree in suit for dissolution of partnership—Where a suit is for the dissolution of a partnership or the taking of partnership accounts, the Court, before passing a final decree, may pass a preliminary decree declaring the proportionate shares of the parties. fixing the day on which the partnership shall stand dissolved or be deemed to have been dissolved and directing such accounts to be taken, and other acts to be done, as it thinks fit.
16. Decree in suit for account between principal and agent—In a suit for an account of pecuniary transactions between a principal and an agent, and in any other suit not hereinbefore provided for, where it is necessary, in order to ascertain the amount of money due to or from any party, that an account should be taken, the Court shall, before passing its final decree, pass a preliminary decree directing such accounts to be taken as it thinks fit.
17. Special directions as to accounts—The Court may either by the decree directing an account to be taken or by any subsequent order give special directions with regard to the mode in which the account is to be taken or vouched and in particular may direct that in taking the account the books of account in which the accounts in question have been kept shall be taken as prima-facie evidence of the truth of the matters therein contained with liberty to the parties interested to take such objection thereto as they may be advised.
18. Decree in suit for partition of property or separate possession of a share therein—Where the Court passes a decree for the partition of property or for the separate possession of a share therein, then,

(1) if and in so far as the decree relates to an estate assessed to the payment of revenue to the Government, the decree shall declare the rights of the several parties interested in the property, but shall direct such partition or separation to be made by the Collector, or any gazetted subordinate of the Collector deputed by him in this behalf, in accordance with such declaration and with the provisions of section 54;

(2) if and in so far as such decree relates to any other immovable property or to movable property, the Court may, if the partition or separation cannot be conveniently made without further inquiry, pass a preliminary decree declaring the rights of the several parties interested in the property and giving such further directions as may be required.

19. Decree when set-off is allowed—(1) Where the defendant has been allowed a set-off [or counter claim] against the claim of the plaintiff, the decree shall state what amount is due to the plaintiff and what amount is due to the defendant, and shall be for the recovery of any sum which appears to be due to either party.

Appeal from decree relating to set-off.—(2) Any decree passed in a suit in which a set-off [or counter claim] is claimed shall be subject to the same provisions in respect of appeal to which it would have been subject if no set-off had been claimed.

(3) The provisions of this rule shall apply whether the set-off [or counter claim] is admissible under rule 6 of Order VIII or otherwise.

20. Certified copies of judgment and decree to be furnished—Certified copies of the judgment and decree shall be furnished to the parties on application to the Court, and at their expense.

[Order XX-A (R, 1-2)]

Costs

1. Provisions relating to certain items— Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of this Code relating to costs, the Court may award costs in respect of,—

(a) expenditure incurred for the giving of any notice required to be given by law before the institution of the suit;

(b) expenditure incurred on any notice which, though not required to be given by law, has been given by any party to the suit to any other party before the institution of the suit;

(c) expenditure incurred on the typing, writing or printing of pleadings filed by any party;

(d) charges paid by a party for inspection of the records of the Court for the purposes of the suit;

(e) expenditure incurred by a party for producing witnesses, even though not summoned through Court; and

(f) in the case of appeals, charges incurred by a party for obtaining any copies of judgments and decrees which are required to be filed along with the memorandum of appeal.

2. Costs to be awarded in accordance with the rules made by High Court—The award of costs under this rule shall be in accordance with such rules as the High Court may make in that behalf).

Order XXI (R. 1-106)

Execution of Decrees and Orders Payment Under Decree

[1. Modes of paying money under decree—(1) All money, payable under a decree shall be paid as follows, namely:

(a) by deposit into the Court whose duty it is to execute the decree, or sent to that Court by postal money order or through a bank; or

(b) out of Court, to the decree-holder by postal money order or through a bank or by any other mode wherein payment is evidenced in writing; or

(c) otherwise, as the Court which made the decree, directs.

(2) Where any payment is made under clause (a) or clause (c) of sub-rule (1), the judgment-debtor shall give notice thereof to the decree-holder either through the Court or directly to him by registered post, acknowledgement due.

(3) Where money is paid by postal money order or through a bank under clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-rule (1), the money order or payment through bank, as the case may be, shall accurately state the following particulars, namely :

(a) the number of the original suit;

(b) the names of parties or where there are more than two plaintiffs or more than two defendants, as the case may be, the names of the first two plaintiffs and the first two defendants;

(c) how the money remitted is to be adjusted, that is to say, whether it is towards the principle, interest or costs;

(d) the number of the execution case of the Court, where such case is pending; and

(e) the name and address of the payer.

(4) On any amount paid under clause (a) or clause (c) of sub-rule (1) interest, if any, shall cease to run from the date of service of the notice referred to in sub-rule (2).

(5) On any amount paid under clause (b) of sub-rule (1), interest if any, shall cease to run from the date of such payment:

Provided that, where the decree-holder refuses to accept the postal money order or payment through a bank, interest shall cease to run from the date on which the money was tendered to him, or where he avoids acceptance of the postal money order or payment through bank, interest shall cease to run from the date on which the money would have been tendered to him in the ordinary course of business of the postal authorities or the bank, as the case may be].

2. Payment out of Court to decree-holder—(1) Where any money payable under a decree of any kind is paid out of Court [or a decree of any kind is otherwise adjusted] in whole or in part to the satisfaction of the decree-holder, the decree-holder shall certify such payment or adjustment to the Court whose duty it is to execute the decree, and the Court shall record the same accordingly.

(2) The judgment-debtor [or any person who has become surety for the judgment-debtor] also may inform the Court of such payment or adjustment, and apply to the Court to issue a notice to the decree-holder to show cause, on a day to be fixed by the Court, why such payment or adjustment should not be recorded as certified; and if any, after service of such notice, the decree-holder fails to show cause why the payment or adjustment should not be recorded as certified, the Court shall record the same accordingly.

(2-A) No payment or adjustment shall be recorded at the instance of the judgment-debtor unless

(a) the payment is made in the manner, provided at in rule 1; or

(b) the payment or adjustment is proved by documentary evidence; or

(c) the payment or adjustment is admitted by, or on behalf of the decree-holder in his reply to the notice given under sub-rule (2) of rule 1, or before the Court.

(3) A payment or adjustment, which has not been certified or recorded as aforesaid, shall not be recognized by any Court executing the decree.

Courts Executing Decrees

3. Lands situate in more than one jurisdiction—When immovable property forms one estate or tenure situate within the local limits of the jurisdiction of two or more Courts, any one of such Courts may attach and sell the entire estate or tenure.

4.—Omitted

[5. Mode of transfer — Where a decree is to be sent for execution to another Court, the Court which passed such decree shall send the decree directly to such other Court whether or not such other Court is situated in the same State, but the Court to which the decree is sent for execution shall, if it has no jurisdiction to execute the decree, send it to the Court having such jurisdiction.].

6. Procedure where Court desires that its own decree shall be executed by another Court— The Court sending a decree for execution shall send

(a) a copy of the decree;

(b) a certificate setting forth that satisfaction of the decree has not been obtained by execution within the jurisdiction of the Court by which it was passed, or where the decree has been executed in part, the extent to which satisfaction has been obtained and what part of the decree remains unsatisfied; and

(c) a copy of any order for the execution of the decree, or, if no such order has been made, a certificate to that effect.

7. Court receiving copies of decree, etc. to file same without proof—The Court to which a decree is so sent shall cause such copies and certificates to be filed, without any further proof of the decree or order for execution, or of the copies thereof, unless the Court, for any special reasons to be recorded under the hand of the Judge, requires such proof.
8. Execution of decree or order by Court to which it is sent—Where such copies are so filed, the decree or order may, if the Court to which it is sent is the District Court, be executed by such Court or be transferred for execution to any subordinate Court of competent jurisdiction.

9.—Omitted

Application for Execution

10. Application for execution—Where the holder of a decree desires to execute it, he shall apply to the Court which passed the decree or to the officer (if any) appointed in this behalf, or if the decree has been sent under the provisions hereinbefore contained to another Court then to such Court or to the proper officer thereof.
11. Oral application—(1) Where a decree is for the payment of money the Court may, on the oral application of the decree-holder at the time of the passing of decree, order immediate execution thereof by the arrest of the judgment-debtor, prior to the preparation of a warrant if he is within the precincts of the Court.

Written application.—(2) Save as otherwise provided by sub-rule (1), every application for the execution of a decree shall be in writing signed and verified by the applicant or by some other person proved to the satisfaction of the Court to be acquainted with the facts of the case, and shall contain in a tabular form the following particulars, namely:

(a) the number of the suit;

(b) the names of the parties;

(c) the date of the decree;

(d) whether any appeal has been preferred from the decree;

(e) whether any, and (if any) what, payment or other adjustment of the matter in controversy has been made between the parties subsequently to the decree;

(f) whether any, and (if any) what, previous applications have been made for the execution of the decree, the dates of such applications and their results;

(g) the amount with interest (if any) due upon the decree, or other relief granted thereby, together with particulars or any cross-decree, whether passed before or after the date of the decree sought to be executed;

(h) the amount of the costs (if any) awarded;

(i) the name of the person against whom execution of the decree is sought; and

(j) the mode in which the assistance of the court is required whether

(i) by the delivery of any property specifically decreed;

[(ii) by the attachment, or by the attachment and sale, or by the sale without attachment, of any property];

(iii) by the arrest and detention in prison of any person;

(iv) by the appointment of a receiver;

(v) otherwise, as the nature of the relief granted may require.

(3) The Court to which an application is made under sub-rule (2) may require the applicant to produce a certified copy of the decree.

[11-A. Application for arrest to state grounds — Where an application is made for the arrest and detention in prison of the judgment-debtor, it shall state, or be accompanied by an affidavit stating, the grounds on which arrest is applied for].

12. Application for attachment of movable property not in judgment-debtor's possession—Where an application is made for the attachment of any movable property belonging to a judgment-debtor but not in his possession, the decree-holder shall annex to the application an inventory of the property to be attached, containing a reasonably accurate description of the same.
13. Application for attachment of immovable property to contain certain particulars—Where an application is made for the attachment of any immovable property belonging to a judgment-debtor, it shall contain at the foot

(a) a description of such property sufficient to identify the same and, in case such property can be identified by boundaries or numbers in a record of settlement or survey, a specification of such boundaries or numbers; and

(b) a specification of the judgment-debtor's share or interest in such property to the best of the belief of the applicant, and so far as he has been able to ascertain the same.

14. Power to require certified extract from collector's register in certain cases—Where an application is made for the attachment of any land which is registered in the office of the Collector, the Court may require the applicant to produce a certified extract from the register of such office, specifying the person registered as proprietors of, or as possessing any transferable interest in, the land or its revenue, or as liable to pay revenue for the land, and the shares of the registered proprietors.
15. Application for execution by joint decree-holder—(1) Where a decree has been passed jointly in favour of more persons than one, any one or more of such persons may, unless the decree imposes any condition to the contrary, apply for the execution of the whole decree for the benefit of them all, or, where any of them has died, for the benefit of the survivors and the legal representatives of the deceased.

(2) Where the Court sees sufficient cause for allowing the decree to be executed on an application made under this rule, it shall make such order as it deems necessary for protecting the interest of the persons who have not joined in the application.

16. Application for execution by transferee of decree—Where a decree or, if a decree has been passed jointly in favour of two or more persons, the interest of any decree-holder in the decree is transferred by assignment in writing or by operation of law, the transferee may apply for execution of the decree to the Court which passed it; and the decree may be executed in the same manner and subject to the same conditions as if the application were made by such decree-holder:

Provided that, where the decree, or such interest as aforesaid has been transferred by assignment, notice of such application shall be given to the transferor and the judgment-debtor, and the decree shall not be executed until the Court has heard their objections (if any) to its execution:

Provided also that, where a decree for the payment of money against two or more persons has been transferred to one of them, it shall not be executed against the others.

[Explanation.— Nothing in this rule shall effect the provisions of section 146, and a transferee of rights in the property, which is the subject-matter of the suit, may apply for execution of the decree without a separate assignment of the decree as required by this rule].

17. Procedure on receiving application for execution of decree—(1) On receiving an application for the execution of a decree as provided by rule 11, sub-rule (2) the Court shall ascertain whether such of the requirements of rules 11 to 14 as may be applicable to the case have been complied with; and, if they have not been complied with, [the Court shall allow] the defect to be remedied then and there or within a time to be fixed by it.

[(1-A) If the defect is not so remedied, the Court shall reject the application:

Provided that where in the opinion of the Court, there is some inaccuracy as to the amount referred to in clauses (g) and (h) of sub-rule (2) of rule 11, the Court shall, instead of rejecting the application, decide provisionally (without prejudice to the right of the parties to have the amount finally decided in the course of the proceedings ) the amount and make an order for the execution of the decree for the amount so provisionally decided.]

(2) Where an application is amended under the provisions of sub-rule (1), it shall be deemed to have been an application in accordance with law and presented on the date when it was first presented.

(3) Every amendment made under this rule shall be signed or initialled by the Judge.

(4) When the application is admitted, the Court shall enter in the proper register a note of the application and the date on which it was made, and shall, subject to the provisions hereinafter contained order execution of the decree according to the nature of the application:

Provided that, in the case of a decree for payment of money, the value of the property attached shall, as nearly as may be, correspond with the amount due under the decree.

18. Execution in case of cross-decree—(1) Where applications are made to a Court for the execution of cross-decrees in separate suit for the payment of two sums of money passed between the same parties and capable of execution at the same time by such Court, then

(a) if the two sums are equal, satisfaction shall be entered upon both decrees; and

(b) if the two sums are unequal, execution may be taken out only by the holder of the decree for the larger sum and for so much only as remains after deducting the smaller sum, and satisfaction for the smaller sum shall be entered on the decree for the larger sum as well as satisfaction of the decree for the smaller sum.

(2) This rule shall be deemed to apply where either party is an assignee of one of the decrees and as well as in respect of judgment-debts due by the original assignor as in respect of judgment-debts due by the assignee himself.

(3) This rule shall not be deemed to apply unless

(a) the decree-holder in one of the suits in which the decrees have been made is the judgment-debtor in the other and each party fills the same character in both suits; and

(b) the sums due under the decrees are definite.

(4) The holder of a decree passed against several persons jointly and severally may treat it as a cross-decree in relation to a decree passed against him singly in favour of one or more of such persons.

Illustration

(a) A holds a decree against B for Rs. 1,000. B holds a decree against A for the payment of Rs. 1,000, in case A fails to deliver certain goods at a future day. B cannot treat his decree as a cross-decree under this rule.

(b) A and B, co-plaintiffs, obtain a decree for Rs. 1,000 against C, and C obtains a decree for Rs. 1,000 against B. C cannot treat his decree as a cross-decree under this rule.

(c) A obtains a decree against B for Rs. 1,000. C, who is a trustee for B, obtains a decree on behalf of B against A for Rs. 1,000. B cannot treat C's decree as a cross-decree under this rule.

(d) A, B, C, D and E are jointly and severally liable for Rs. 1,000 under a decree obtained by F. A obtains a decree for Rs. 100 against .F singly and applies for execution to the Court in which the joint-decree is being executed. F may treat his join-decree as a cross-decree under this rule.

19. Execution in case of cross-claims under same decree—Where application is made to a Court for the execution of a decree under which two parties are entitled to recover sums of money from each other, then,

(a) if the two sums are equal, satisfaction for both shall be entered upon the decree; and

(b) if the two sums are unequal, execution may be taken out only by the party entitled to the larger sum and for so much only as remains after deducting the smaller sum, and satisfaction for the smaller sum shall be entered upon the decree.

20. Cross-decrees and cross-claims in mortgage suits—The provisions contained in rules 18 and 19 shall apply to decrees for sale in enforcement of a mortgage or change.
21. Simultaneous execution—The Court may, in its discretion, refuse execution at the same time against the person and property of the judgment-debtor.
22. Notice to show cause against execution in certain cases—(1) Where an application for execution is made-

(a) more than [two years] after the date of the decree, or

(b) against the legal representative of a party to the decree, or

[(bb) against the assignee or receiver in insolvency, where the party to the decree has been adjudged to be an insolvent, or].

[(c) in respect of decree passed outside the State and execution whereof is sought within the State,]

the Court executing the decree shall issue a notice to the person against whom execution is applied for requiring him to show cause, on a date to be fixed, why the decree should not be executed against him:

Provided that no such notice shall be necessary in consequence of more than [two years] having elapsed between the date of the decree and the application for execution if the application is made within [two years] from the date of the last order against the party against whom execution is applied for, made on any previous application for execution, or in consequence of the application being made against the legal representative of the judgment-debtor, if upon a previous application for execution against the same person the Court has ordered execution to issue against him.

(2) Nothing in the forgoing sub-rule shall be deemed to preclude the Court from issuing any process in execution of a decree without issuing the notice thereby prescribed, if, for reasons to be recorded, it considers that the issue of such notice would cause un-reasonable delay or would defeat the ends of justice.

[22-A. Sale not to be set aside on the death of the judgment-debtor before the sale, but after the service of the proclamation of the sale—Where any property is sold in execution of a decree, the sale shall not be set aside merely by reason, of the death of the Judgment-debtor between the date of issue of the proclamation of sale and the date of the sale notwithstanding the failure of the decree-holder to substitute the legal representative of such deceased judgment-debtor, but in case of such failure, the Court may set aside the sale if it is satisfied that the legal representative of the deceased judgment-debtor has been prejudiced by the sale.]

23. Procedure after issue of notice—(1) Where the person to whom notice is issued under the last preceding rule does not appear or does not show cause to the satisfaction of the Court why the decree should not be executed, the Court shall order the decree to be executed.

(2) Where such person offers any objection to the execution of the decree, the Court shall consider such objection and make such order as it thinks fit.

Process for Execution

24. Process for execution—(1) When the preliminary measures (if any) required by the foregoing rules have been taken, the Court shall, unless it sees cause to the contrary, issue its process for the execution of the decree.

(2) Every such process shall bear date the day on which it is issued, and shall be signed by the Judge or such officer as the Court may appoint in this behalf, and shall be sealed with the seal of the Court and delivered to the proper officer to be executed.

[(3) In every such process, a day shall be specified on or before which it shall be executed and a day shall also be specified on or before which it shall be returned to the Court, but no process shall be deemed to be void if no day for its return is specified therein].

25. Endorsement on process—(1) The officer entrusted with the execution of the process shall endorse thereon the day on and the manner in which it was executed, and, if the latest day specified in the process for the return thereof has been executed, the reason of the delay, or, if it was not executed, the reason why it was not executed, and shall return the process with such endorsement to the Court.

(2) Where the endorsement is to the effect that such officer is unable to execute the process, the court shall examine him touching his alleged inability, and may, if it thinks fit, summon and examine witnesses as to such inability, and shall record the result.

Stay of Execution

26. When Court may stay execution—(1) The Court to which a decree has been sent for execution shall, upon sufficient cause being shown, stay the execution of such decree for a reason-able time, to enable the judgment-debtor to apply to the Court by which the decree was passed, or to any Court having appellate jurisdiction in respect of the decree or the execution thereof, for an order to stay execution, or for any other order relating to the decree or execution which might have been made by such Court of first instance or Appellate Court if execution had been issued thereby or if application for execution had been made thereto.

(2) Where the property or person of the judgment-debtor has been seized under an execution, the Court which issued the execution may order the restitution of such property or the discharge of such person pending the result of the application.

Power to require security from, or impose conditions upon judgment-debtor.— (3) Before making an order to stay execution or for the restitution of property or the discharge of the judgment-debtor, [the Court shall require] such security from, or impose such conditions upon, the judgment-debtor as it thinks fit.

27. Liability of judgment-debtor discharged—No order of restitution or discharge under rule 26 shall prevent the property or person of a judgment-debtor from being retaken in execution of the decree sent for execution.
28. Order of Court which passed decree or of appellate Court to be binding upon Court applied to—Any order of the Court by which the decree was passed, or of such Court of appeal as aforesaid, in relation to the execution of such decree, shall be binding upon the Court to which the decree was sent for execution.
29. Stay of execution pending suit between decree-holder and judgment-debtor—Where a suit is pending in any Court against the holder of a decree of such Court [or of a decree which is being executed by such Court] on the part of the person against whom the decree was passed, the Court may, on such terms as to security or otherwise, as it thinks fit, stay execution of the decree until the pending suit has been decided:

[Provided that if the decree is one for payment of money, the Court shall, if it grants stay without requiring security, record its reasons for so doing.]

Mode of Execution

30. Decree for payment of money—Every decree for the payment of money, including a decree for the payment of money as the alternative to some other relief, may be executed by the detention in the civil prison of the judgment-debtor, or by the attachment and sale of his property, or by both.
31. Decree for specified movable property—(1) Where the decree is for any specific movable or for any share in a specific movable, it may be executed by the seizure, if practicable, of the movable or share, and by the delivery thereof to the party to whom it has been adjudged, or to such person as he appoints to receive delivery on his behalf, or by detention in the civil prison of the judgment-debtor, or by the attachment of his property, or by both.

(2) Where any attachment under sub-rule (1) has remained in force for 4. Substituted by Act XI of 1983, section 66 (w.e.f. 15-8-1983).[three months] if the judgment-debtor has not obeyed the decree and the decree-holder has applied to have the attached property sold, such property may be sold, and out of the proceeds the Court may award to the decree-holder, in cases where any amount has been fixed by the decree to be paid as an alternative to delivery of movable property, such amount, and, in other cases, such compensation as it thinks fit, and shall pay the balance (if any) to the judgment-debtor on his application.

(3) Where the judgment-debtor has obeyed the decree and paid all costs of executing the same which he is bound to pay, or where, at the end of [three months] from the date of the attachment, no application to have the property sold has been made, or, if made, has been refused, the attachment shall cease.

32. Decree for specific performance, restitution of conjugal rights, or for an injunction—(1) Where the party against whom a decree for the specific performance of a contract, or restitution for conjugal rights, or for an injunction, has been pass,,d, has had an opportunity of obeying the decree and has wilfully failed to obey it, the decree may be enforced [in the case of a decree for restitution of conjugal rights, by the attachment of the property or, in the case of a decree for the specific performance of a contract or for an injunction] by his detention in the civil prison, or by the attachment of his property, or by both.

(2) Where the party against whom a decree for specific performance or for an injunction has been passed is a corporation, the decree may be enforced by the attachment of the property of the corporation or, with the leave of the Court, by the detention in the civil prison of the directors or other principal officers thereof, or by both attachment and detention.

(3) Where any attachment under sub-rule (1) or sub-rule (2) has remained in force for [six months], if the judgment-debtor has not obeyed the decree and the decree-holder has applied to have the attached property sold, such property may be sold; and out of the proceeds the Court may award to the decree-holder such compensation as it thinks fit, and shall pay the balance (if any) to the judgment-debtor on his application.

(4) Where the judgment-debtor has obeyed the decree and paid all costs of executing the same which he is bound to pay, or where, at the end of [six months] from the date of the attachment no application to have the property sold has been made, or if made has been refused, the attachment shall cease.

(5) Where a decree for the specific performance of a contract or for an injunction has not been obeyed, the Court may, in lieu of or in addition to all or any of the processes aforesaid, direct that the act required to be done may be done so far as practicable by the decree-holder or some other person appointed by Court, at the cost of the judgment-debtor, and upon the act being done the expenses incurred may be ascertained in such manner as the Court may direct and may be recovered as if they were included in the decree.

[Explanation:— For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the expression "the act required to be done" covers prohibitory as well as mandatory injunctions.]

Illustration

A, a person of little substance, erects a building which renders un-habitable a family mansion belonging to B. A, in spite of his detention in prison and the attachment of his property, declines to obey a decree obtained against him by B and directing to remove the building. The Court is of opinion that no sum realizable by the sale of As property would adequately compensate B for the depreciation in the value of his mansion. B may apply to the Court to remove the building and may recover the cost of such removal from A in the execution proceedings.

[33. Discretion of Court in executing for restitution of conjugal rights]—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in rule 32 where [the decree is for restitution of conjugal rights] and the decree-holder is the wife, [Court] may order that, in the event of the decree not being obeyed within such period as may be fixed in this behalf, the judgment-debtor shall make to the decree-holder such periodical payments as may be just, and, if it thinks fit, require that the judgment-debtor shall, to its satisfaction, secure to the decree-holder such periodical payments.

(2) The Court may, from time to time, vary or modify any order made under sub-rule (1) for the periodical payment of money, either by altering the times of payment or by increasing or diminishing the amount, or may temporarily suspend the same as to whole or any part of the money so ordered to be paid, and again revive the same, either wholly or in part as it may think just.

(3) Any money ordered to be paid under this rule may be recovered as though it were payable under a decree for the payment of money.

34. Decree for execution of document, or endorsement of negotiable instrument—(1) Where a decree is for the execution of a document or for the endorsement of a negotiable instrument and the judgment-debtor neglects or refuses to obey the decree, the decree-holder may prepare a draft of t document or endorsement in accordance with the terms of the decree a d deliver the same to the Court.

(2) The Court shall thereupon cause the draft to be served on the judgment-debtor together with a notice requiring his objections (if any) to be made within such time as the Court fixes in this behalf.

(3) Where the judgment-debtor objects to the draft, his objections shall be stated in writing within such time, and the Court shall make such order approving or altering the draft, as it thinks fit.

(4) The decree-holder shall deliver to the Court a copy of the draft with such alterations (if any) as the Court may have directed upon the proper stamp-paper if a stamp is required by the law for the time being in force; and the Judge or such officer as may be appointed in this behalf shall execute the document so delivered.

(5) The execution of a document or the endorsement of a negotiable instrument under this rule may be in the following form, namely:-

"C.D., Judge of the Court of

(or as the case may be), for A. B., in a suit by E.F. against A.B", and shall have the same effect as the execution of the document or the endorsement of the negotiable instrument by the party ordered to execute or endorse the same.

[(6) (a) Where the registration of the document is required under any law for the time being in force, the Court, or such officer of the Court as may be authorised in this behalf by the Court, shall cause the document to be registered in accordance with such law.

(b) Where the registration of the document is not so required, but the decree-holder desires it to be registered the Court may make such order as it thinks fit.

(c) Where the Court makes any order for the registration of any document, it may make such order as it thinks fit as to the expenses of registration].

35. Decree for immovable property—(1) Where a decree is for the delivery of any immovable property, possession thereof shall be delivered to the party to whom it has been adjudged, or to such person as he may appoint to receive delivery on his behalf, and, if necessary, by removing any person bound by the decree who refuses to vacate the property.

(2) Where a decree is for the joint possession of immovable property, such possession shall be delivered by affixing a copy of the warrant in some conspicuous place on the property and proclaiming by beat of drum, or other customary mode, at some convenient place, the substance of the decree.

(3) Where possession of any building or enclosure is to be delivered and the person in possession, being bound by the decree, does not afford free access, the Court through its officers, may after giving reasonable warning and facility to any woman not appearing in public according to the customs of the country to withdraw, remove or open any lock or bolt or break open any door or do any other act necessary for putting the decree-holder in possession.

36. Decree for delivery of immovable property when in occupancy of tenant—Where a decree is for the delivery of any immovable property in the occupancy of a tenant or other person entitled to occupy the same and not bound by the decree to relinquish such occupancy, the Court shall order delivery to be made by affixing a copy of the warrant in some conspicuous place on the property, and proclaiming to the occupant by beat of drum or other customary mode, at some convenient place, the substance of the decree in regard to the property.

Arrest and Detention in the Civil Prison

37. Discretionary power to permit judgment-debtor to show cause against detention in prison—(1) Notwithstanding anything in these rules where an application is for the execution of a decree for the payment of money by the arrest and detention in the civil prison of a judgment-debtor who is liable to be arrested in pursuance of the application, the Court [shall], instead of issuing a warrant for his arrest, issue a notice calling upon him to appear before the Court on a day to be specified in the notice and show cause why he should not be committed to the civil prison:

[Provided that such notice shall not be necessary, if the Court is satisfied, by affidavit, or otherwise, that, with the object or effect of delaying the execution of the decree, the judgment-debtor is likely to abscond or leave the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court].

(2) Where appearance is not made in obedience to the notice, the Court shall, if the decree-holder so requires, issue a warrant for the arrest of the judgment-debtor.

38. Warrant for arrest to direct judgment-debtor to be brought up—Every warrant for the arrest of a judgment-debtor shall direct the officer entrusted with its execution to bring him before the Court with all convenient speed, unless the amount which he has been ordered to pay, together with the interest thereon and the cost (if any) to which he is liable, be sooner paid.
39. Subsistence allowance—(1) No judgment-debtor shall be arrested in execution of a decree unless and until the decree-holder pays into Court such sum as the Judge thinks sufficient for the subsistence of the judgment-debtor from the time of his arrest until he can be brought before the Court.

(2) Where a judgment-debtor is committed to the civil prison in execution of a decree, the Court shall fix for his subsistence such monthly allowance as he may be entitled to according to the scales fixed under section 57, or, where no such scales have been fixed, as it considers sufficient with reference to the class to which he belongs.

(3) The monthly allowance fixed by the Court shall be supplied by the party on whose application the judgment-debtor has been arrested by monthly payments in advance before the first day of each month.

(4) The first payment shall be made to the proper officer of the Court for such portion of the current month as remains unexpired before the judgment-debtor is committed to the civil prison, and the subsequent payments (if any) shall be made to the officer-in-charge of the civil prison.

(5) Sums disbursed by the decree-holder for the subsistence of the judgment-debtor in the civil prison shall be deemed to be cost in the suit:

Provided that the judgment-debtor shall not be detained in the civil prison or arrested on account of any sum so disbursed.

/a>[40. Proceedings on appearance of judgment-debtor in obedience to notice or after arrest—(1) When a judgment-debtor appears before the Court in obedience to a notice issued under rule 37, or is brought before the Court after being arrested in execution of a decree for the payment of money, the Court shall proceed to hear the decree-holder and take all such evidence as may be produced by him in support of his application for execution, and shall then give the judgment-debtor an opportunity of showing cause why he should not be committed to the civil prison.

(2) Pending the conclusion of the inquiry under sub-rule (1) the Court may, in its discretion, order the judgment-debtor to be detained in the custody of an officer of the Court or release him on his furnishing security to the satisfaction of the Court for his appearance when required.

(3) Upon the conclusion of the inquiry under sub-rule (1) the Court may, subject to the provisions of section 51 and to the other provisions of this Court, make an order for the detention of the judgment-debtor in the civil prison and shall in that event cause him to be arrested if he is not already under arrest:

Provided that in order to give the judgment-debtor an opportunity of satisfying the decree, the Court may, before making the order of detention, leave the judgment-debtor in the custody of an officer of the Court for a specified period not exceeding 15 days or release him on his furnishing security to the satisfaction of the Court for his appearance at the expiration of the specified period if the decree be not sooner satisfied.

(4) A judgment-debtor released under this rule may be re-arrested.

(5) When the Court does not make an order of detention under sub-rule (3), it shall disallow the application and, if the judgment-debtor is under arrest, direct his release].

Attachment of Property

41. [(1)] Examination of judgment-debtor as to his property—Where a decree is for the payment of money, the decree-holder may apply to the Court for an order that-

(a) the judgment-debtor, or

(b) [Where the judgment-debtor is a corporation] any officer thereof, or

(c) any other person,

be orally examined as to whether any or what debts are owing to the judgment-debtor and whether the judgment-debtor has any and what other property or means of satisfying the decree; and the Court may make an order for the attendance and examination of such judgment-debtor or officer or other person, and for the production of any books or documents.

[(2) Where a decree for the payment of money has remained unsatisfied for a period of thirty days, the Court may, on the application of the decree-holder and without prejudice to its power under sub-rule (1), by order require the judgment-debtor or where the judgment-debtor is a corporation, any officer thereof, to make an affidavit stating the particulars of the assets of the judgment-debtor.

(3) In case of disobedience of any order made under sub-rule (2), the Court making the order, or any Court to which the proceeding is transferred, may direct that the person disobeying the order be detained in the civil prison for a term not exceeding three months unless before the expiry of such term the Court directs his release].

42. Attachment in case of decree for rent of mesne profits or other matter, amount of which to be subsequently determined—Where a decree directs an inquiry as to rent or mesne profits or any other matter, the property of the judgment-debtor may, before the amount due from him has been ascertained, be attached, as in the case of an ordinary decree for the payment of money.
43. Attachment of movable property other than agricultural produce, in possession of judgment-debtor—Where the property to be attached is movable property, other than agricultural produce, in the possession of the judgment-debtor, the attachment shall be made by actual seizure, and the attaching officer shall keep the property in his own custody or in the custody of one of his subordinates, and shall be responsible for the due custody thereof:

Provided that, when the property seized is subject to speedy and natural decay, or when the expense of keeping it in custody is likely to exceed its value, the attaching officer may sell it at once.

[43-A. Custody of movable property—(1) Where the property attached consists of livestock, agricultural implements or other articles which cannot conveniently be removed and the attaching officer does not act under the proviso to rule 43, he may at the instance of the judgment-debtor or of the decree-holder or of any other person claiming to be interested in such property leave it in the village or place where it has been attached, in the custody of any respectable person (hereinafter referred to as the "custodian").

(2) If the Custodian fails, after due notice, to produce such property at the place named by the Court before the officer deputed for the purpose or to restore it to the person in whose favour restoration is ordered by the Court, or if the property, though so produced or restored, is not in the same condition as it was when it was entrusted to him,-

(a) the Custodian shall be liable to pay compensation to the decree-holder, judgment-debtor or any other person who is found to be entitled to the restoration thereof, for any loss or damage caused by his default; and

(b) such liability may be enforced-

(i) at the instance of the decree-holder, as if the Custodian were a surety under section 145;

(ii) at the instance of the judgment-debtor or such other person, on an application in execution; and

(c) any order determining such liability shall be appealable as a decree].

44. Attachment of agricultural produce—Where the property to be attached is agricultural produce, the attachment shall be made by affixing a copy of the warrant of attachment,

(a) where such produce is a growing crop, on the land on which such crop has grown, or

(b) where such produce has been cut or gathered, on the threshing floor or place for treading out grain or the like or fodder-stack on or in which it is deposited,

and another copy on the outer door or on some other conspicuous part of the house in which the judgment-debtor ordinarily resides or, with the leave of the Court, on the outer door or on some other conspicuous part of the house in which he carries on business or personally works for gain or in which he is known to have last resided or carried on business or personally worked for gain; and the produce shall thereupon be deemed to have passed into the possession of the Court.

45. Provisions as to agricultural produce under attachment—(1) Where agricultural produce is attached, the Court shall make such arrangements for the custody thereof as it may deem sufficient and, for the purpose of enabling the Court to make such arrangements, every application for the attachment of a growing crop shall specify the time at which it is likely to be fit to be cut or gathered.

(2) Subject to such conditions as may be imposed by the Court in this behalf either in the order or attachment or in any subsequent order, the judgment-debtor may tend cut, gather and store the produce and do any other act necessary for maturing or preserving it; and if the judgment-debtor fails to do all or any of such acts, the decree-holder may, with the permission of the Court and subject to the like conditions, do all or any of them either by himself or by any person appointed by him in this behalf, and the costs incurred by the decree-holder shall be recoverable from the judgment-debtor as if they were included in, or formed part of, the decree.

(3) Agricultural produce attached as a growing crop shall not be deemed to have ceased to be under attachment or to require reattachment merely because it has been served from the soil.

(4) Where an order for the attachment of a growing crop has been made at a considerable time before the crop is likely to be fit to be cut or gathered, the Court may suspend the execution of the order for such time as it thinks fit, and may, in its discretion, make a further order prohibiting the removal of the crop pending the execution of the order of attachment.

(5) A growing crop which from its nature does not admit of being stored shall not be attached under this rule at any time less than twenty days before the time at which it is likely to be fit to be cut or gathered.

46. Attachment of debt share and other property not in possession of judgment-debtor—(1) In the case of-

(a) a debt not secured by a negotiable instrument,

(b) a share in the capital of a corporation,

(c) other movable property not in the possession of the judgment-debtor, except property deposited in, or in the custody of, any Court,

the attachment shall be made by a written order prohibiting,

(i) in the case of the debt, the creditor from recovering the debt and the debtor from making payment thereof until the further order of Court;

(ii) in the case of the share, the person in whose name the share may be standing from transferring the same or receiving any dividend thereon;

(iii) in the case of the other movable property except as aforesaid, the person in possession of the same from giving it over to the judgment-debtor.

(2) A copy of such order shall be affixed on some conspicuous part of the Court-house and another copy shall be sent in the case of the debt, to the debtor, in the case of the share, to the proper officer of the corporation, and, in the case of the other movable property (except as aforesaid), to the person in possession of the same.

(3) A debtor prohibited under clause (i) of sub-rule (1) may pay the amount of his debt into Court, and such payment shall discharge him as effectually as payment to the party entitled to receive the same.

[46-A. Notice to garnishee—(1) The Court may in the case of a debt (other than a debt secured by a mortgage or a charge) which has been attached under rule 46 upon the application of the attaching creditor, issue notice to the garnishee liable to pay such debt, calling upon him either to pay into Court the debt due from him to the judgment-debtor or so much thereof as may be sufficient to satisfy the decree and costs of execution, or to appear and show cause why he should not do so.

(2) Any application under sub-rule (1) shall be made on affidavit verifying the facts alleged and stating that, in the belief of the deponent, the garnishee is indebted to the judgment-debtor.

(3) Where the garnishee pays in the Court the amount due from him to the judgment-debtor or so much thereof as is sufficient to satisfy the decree and the costs of the execution, the Court may direct that the amount may be paid to the decree-holder towards satisfaction of the decree and costs of the execution.

46-B. Order against garnishee—Where the garnishee does not forthwith pay into Court the amount due from him to the judgment-debtor or so much thereof as is sufficient to satisfy the decree and the costs of execution, and does not appear and show cause in answer to the notice, and on such order, execution may issue as though such order was a decree against him.

46-C. Trial of disputed questions—Where the garnishee disputes liability, the Court may order that any issue or question necessary for the determination of liability shall be tried as if it were an issue in a suit, and upon the determination of such issue shall make such order or orders as it deems fit:

Provided that, if the debt in respect of which the application under rule 46-A is made in respect of a sum of money, beyond the pecuniary jurisdiction of the Court, the Court shall send the execution case to the Court of the District Judge to which the said Court is subordinate, and thereupon the Court of the District Judge or any other competent Court to which it may be transferred by the District Judge shall deal with it in the same manner as if the case had been originally instituted in that Court.

46-D. Procedure where debt belongs to third person—Where it is suggested or appears to be probable that the debt belongs to some third person, or that any third person has a lien or charge on, or other interest in, such debt, the Court may order such third person to appear and state the nature and particulars of his claim, if any, to such debt and prove the same.

46-E. Order as regards third person—After hearing such third person and any person or persons who may subsequently be ordered, to appear, or where such third or other person or persons do not appear when so ordered, the Court may make such order as is hereinbefore provided, or such other order or orders upon such terms, if any, with respect to the lien, charge or interest, as the case may be, of such third or other person or persons as it may deem fit and proper.

46-F. Payment by garnishee to be valid discharge—Payment made by the garnishee on notice under rule 46-A or under any such order as aforesaid shall be valid discharge to him as against the judgment-debtor and any other person ordered to appear as aforesaid for the amount paid or levied, although the decree in execution of which the application under rule 46-A was made, or the order passed in the proceedings in such application, may be set aside or reversed.

46-G. Costs—The costs of any application made under rule 46-A and of any proceedings arising therefrom or incidental thereto shall be in the discretion of the Court.

46-H. Appeals—An order made under rule 46-B, rule 46-C or rule 46-E shall be appeal-able as a decree.

46-I. Application to negotiable instruments—The provisions of rules 46-A to 46-H (both inclusive) shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to negotiable instruments attached under rule 51 as they apply in relation to debts].

47. Attachment of share in movables—Where the property to be attached consists of the share of interest of the judgment-debtor in movable property belonging to him and another as co-owners, the attachment shall be made by a notice to the judgment-debtor prohibiting him from transferring the share or interest or charging it in any way.
48. Attachment of salary or allowances of public officer or servant of local authority—(1) Where the property to be attached is the salary or allowances of a public officer or of a servant of a local authority, [or of a servant of a corporation engaged in any trade or industry which is established by a Central or State Act, or a Government Company as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)] the Court, whether the judgment-debtor or the disbursing officer is or is not within the local limits of the Court's jurisdiction, may order that the amount shall, subject to the provisions of section 60, be withheld from such salary or allowances either in one payment or by monthly instalments as the Court may direct; and, upon notice of the order to such officer as the Government may, by notification in the Government Gazette, appoint in this behalf, the officer or other person whose duty it is to disburse such salary or allowances shall withhold and remit to the Court the amount due under the order, or the monthly instalments, as the case may be.

(2) Where the attachable proportion of such salary or allowances is already being withheld and remitted to a Court in pursuance of a previous and unsatisfied order of attachment, the officer appointed by the Government in this behalf shall forthwith return the subsequent order to the Court issuing it with a full statement of all the particulars of the existing attachment.

[(3) Every order made under this rule, unless it is returned in accordance with the provisions of sub-rule (2), shall, without further notice or other process, bind the Government or local authority or corporation or Government company, as the case may be, while the judgment-debtor is within the local limits to which this Code for the time being extends and while he is beyond those limits, if he is in receipt of any salary or allowances payable out of the Consolidated Fund of the State or the funds of a local authority or corporation or Government company, and the Government or local authority or corporation or Government company, as the case may be, shall be liable for any sum paid in contravention of this rule.]

[48-A. Attachment of salary or allowances of private employees—(1) Where the property to be attached is the salary or allowances of an employee other than an employee to whom rule 48 applies, the Court, where the disbursing officer of the employee is within the local limits of the Court's jurisdiction, may order that the amount shall, subject to the provisions of section 60, be withheld from such salary or allowances either in one payment or by monthly instalments as the Court may direct, and upon notice of the order to such disbursing officer, such disbursing officer shall remit to the Court the amount due under the order, or the monthly instalments, as the case may be.]

(2) Where the attachable portion of such salary or allowances is already being withheld or remitted to the Court in pursuance of a previous and unsatisfied order of attachment, the disbursing officer shall forthwith return the subsequent order to the Court issuing it with a full statement of all the particulars of the existing attachment.

(3) Every order made under this rule, unless it is returned in accordance with the provisions of sub-rule (2), shall without further notice or other process, bind the employer while the judgment-debtor is within the local limits to which this Code for the time being extends and while he is beyond those limits, if he is in receipt of salary or allowances payable out of the funds of an employer in any part of India; and the employer shall be liable for any sum paid in contravention of this rule.

49. Attachment of partnership property—(1) Save as otherwise provided by this rule, property belonging to a partnership shall not be attached or sold in execution of a decree other than a decree passed against the firm or against the partners in the firm as such.

(2) The Court may, on the application of the holder of a decree against a partner, make an order charging the interest of such partner in the partnership property and profits with payment of the amount due under the decree, and may, by the same on a subsequent order, appoint a receiver of the share of such partner in the profits (whether already declared or accruing) and of any other money which may be coming to him in respect of the partnership, and direct accounts and inquires and make an order for the sale of such interest or other orders as might have been directed or made if a charge had been made in favour of the decree-holder by such partner, or as the circumstances of the case may require.

(3) The other partner or partners shall be at liberty at any time to redeem the interest charged or, in case of a sale being directed, to purchase the same.

(4) Every application for an order under sub-rule (2) shall be served on the judgment-debtor and on his partners or such of them as are within the state.

(5) Every application made by any partner of the judgment-debtor under sub-rule (3) shall be served on the decree-holder and on the judgment-debtor, and on such of the other partners as do not join in the applications and as are within the State.

(6) Service under sub-rule (4) or sub-rule (5) shall be deemed to be service on all the partners, and all orders made on such applications shall be similarly served.

50. Execution of decree against firm—(1) Where a decree has been passed against a firm, execution may be granted

(a) against any property of the partnership;

(b) against any person who has appeared in his own name under rule 6 or rule 7 of Order XXX or who has admitted on the pleadings that he is, or who has been adjudged to be, a partner;

(c) against any person who has been individually served as a partner with a summons and has failed to appear:

Provided that nothing in this sub-rule shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect the provisions of[section 30 of the Partnership Act, Svt. 1996.]

(2) Where the decree-holder claims to be entitled to cause the decree to be executed against any person other than such a person as is referred to in sub-rule (1), clauses (b) and (c), as being a partner in the firm, he may apply to the Court which passed the decree for leave, and where the liability is not disputed, such Court may grant such leave, or, where such liability is disputed, may order that the liability of such person be tried and determined in any manner, in which any issue in a suit may be tried and determined.

(3) Where the liability of any person has been tried and determined under sub-rule (2), the order made thereon shall have the same force and be subject to the same conditions as to appeal or otherwise as if it were a decree.

(4) Save as against any property of the partnership, a decree against a firm shall not release, render liable or otherwise affect any partner therein unless he has been served with a summons to appear and answer.

[(5) Nothing in this rule shall apply to a decree passed against a Hindu undivided family by virtue of the provisions of rule 10 of Order XXX.]

51. Attachment of negotiable instruments—Where the property is a negotiable instrument not deposited in a Court, nor in the custody of a public officer, the attachment shall be made by actual seizure, and the instrument shall be brought into Court and held subject to further orders of the Court.
52. Attachment of property in custody of Court or public officer—Where the property to be attached is in the custody of any Court or public officer, the attachment shall be made by a notice to such Court or officer, requesting that such property, and any interest or dividend becoming payable thereon, may be held subject to the further orders of the Court from which the notice is issued:

Provided that, where such property is in the custody of a Court, any question of title or priority arising between the decree-holder, and any other person, not being the judgment-debtor, claiming to be interested in such property by virtue of any assignment, attachment or otherwise, shall be determined by such Court.

53. Attachment of decree—(1) Where the property to be attached is a decree, either for the payment of money or for sale in enforcement of a mortgage or charge, the attachment shall be made,-

(a) if the decree were passed by the same Court, then by order of such Court; and

(b) if the decree sought to be attached was passed by another Court, then by the issue to such other Court of a notice by the Court which passed the decree sought to be executed, requesting such other Court to stay, the execution of its decree unless and until(i) the Court which passed the decree sought to be executed cancels the notice, or

[(ii) (a) the holder of the decree sought to be executed, or

(b) his judgment-debtor with the previous consent in writing of such decree-holder or with the permission of the attaching Court, applies to the Court receiving such notice execute the attached decree].

(2) Where a Court makes an order under clause (a) of sub-rule (1), or receives an application under sub-head (ii) of clause (b) of the said sub-rule, it shall, on the application of the creditor who has attached the decree or his judgment-debtor, proceed to execute the attached decree and apply the net proceeds in satisfaction of the decree sought to be executed.

(3) The holder of a decree sought to be executed by the attachment of another decree, of the nature specified in sub-rule (1) shall deemed to be representative of the holder of the attached decree and to the entitled to execute such attached decree in any manner lawful for the holder thereof.

(4) Where the property to be attached in the execution of a decree is a decree other than a decree of the nature referred to in sub-rule (1), the attachment shall be made, by a notice by the Court which passed the decree sought to be executed, to the holder of the decree sought to be attached, prohibiting him from transferring or charging the same in any way; and, where such decree has been passed by any other Court, also by sending to such other Court a notice to abstain from executing the decree sought to be attached until such notice is cancelled by the Court from which it was sent.

(5) The holder of a decree attached under this rule shall give the Court executing the decree such information and aid as may reasonably be required.

(6) On the application of the holder of a decree sought to be executed by the attachment of another decree, the Court making an order of attachment under this rule shall give notice of such order to the judgment-debtor bound by the decree attached; and no payment or adjustment of the attached decree made by the judgment-debtor in contravention of such order [with knowledge thereof or] after receipt of notice thereof, either through the Court or otherwise, shall be recognized by any Court so long as the attachment remains in force.

54. Attachment of immovable property— (1) Where the property is immovable, the attachment shall be made by an order prohibiting the judgment-debtor from transferring or charging the property in any way, and all persons from taking any benefit from such transfer or charge.

[(1-A) The order shall also require the judgment-debtor to attend Court on a specified date to take notice of the date to be fixed for settling the terms of the proclamation of sale.]

(2) The order shall be proclaimed at some place on or adjacent to such property by beat of drum or other customary mode, and a copy of the order shall be affixed on a conspicuous part of the property and then upon a conspicuous part of the Court-house, and also, where the property is land paying revenue to the Government, in the office of the Collector of the District in which the land is situate[and, where the property is land situate in a village, also in the office of the Village Panchayat, if any, having jurisdiction over that village.]

55. Removal of attachment after satisfaction of decree—Where

(a) the amount decreed with costs and all charges and expenses resulting from the attachment of any property are paid into Court, or

(b) satisfaction of the decree is otherwise made through the Court or certified to the Court, or

(c) the decree is set aside or reserved, the attachment shall be deemed to be withdrawn, and, in the case of immovable property, the withdrawal shall, if the judgment-debtor so desires, be proclaimed at his expense, and a copy of the proclamation shall be fixed in the manner prescribed by the last preceding rule.

56. Order for payment of coin or currency notes to party entitled under decree—Where the property attached is current coin or currency notes, the Court may, at any time during the continuance of the attachment, direct that such coin or notes, or a part thereof sufficient to satisfy the decree, be paid over to the party entitled under the decree to receive the same.

[57. Determination of attachment—(1) Where any property has been attached in execution of a decree and the Court, for any reason passes an order dismissing the application for the execution of the decree, the Court shall direct whether the attachment shall continue or cease and shall also indicate the period to which such attachment shall continue or the date on which such attachment shall cease.

(2) If the Court omits to give such direction, the attachment shall be deemed to have ceased.]

[Adjudication of Claims and Objections]

58. Adjudication of claims to, or objections to attachment of property—(1) Where any claim is preferred to, or any objection is made to the attachment of, any property attached in execution of a decree on the ground that such property is not liable to such attachment, the Court shall proceed to adjudicate upon the claim or objection in accordance with the provisions herein contained:

Provided that no such claim or objection shall be entertained,-

(a) Where, before the claim is preferred or objection is made, the property attached has already been sold; or

(b) Where the Court considers that the claim or objection was designedly or unnecessarily delayed.

(2) All questions (including questions relating to right, title or interest in the property attached arising between the parties to a proceeding or their representatives under this rule and relevant to the adjudication of the claim or objection) shall be determined by the Court dealing with the claim or objection and not by a separate suit.

(3) Upon the determination of the question referred to in sub-rule (2), the Court shall in accordance with such determination,

(a) allow the claim or objection and release the property from attachment either wholly or to such extent as it thinks fit; or

(b) disallow the claim or objection; or

(c) continue the attachment subject to any mortgage, charge or other interest in favour of any person;or

(d) pass such order as in the circumstances of the case it deems fit.

(4) Where any claim or objection has been adjudicated upon under this rule, the order made thereon shall have the same force and be subject to the same condition as to appeal or otherwise as if it were a decree.

(5) Where a claim or an objection is preferred and the Court, under the proviso to sub-rule (1), refuses to entertain it, the party against whom such order is made may institute a suit to establish the right which he claims to the property in dispute, but, subject to the result of such suit, if any, an order to refusing to entertain the claim or objection shall be conclusive.

59. Stay of sale—Where before the claim was preferred or the objection was made, the property attached had already been advertised for sale, the Court may-

(a) if the property is movable, make an order postponing the sale pending the adjudication of the claim or objection, or

(b) if the property is immovable, make an order that, pending the adjudication of the claim or objection, the property shall not be sold, or, that pending such adjudication the property may be sold but the sale shall not be confirmed, and any such order be made subject to such terms and conditions as to security or otherwise as the Court thinks fit.

[60 - 63.]

Sale Generally

64. Power to order property attached to be sold and proceeds to be paid to person entitled—Any Court executing a decree may order that any property attached by it and liable to sale, or such portion thereof as may seem necessary to satisfy the decree, shall be sold, and that the proceeds of such sale, or a sufficient portion thereof, shall be paid to the party entitled under the decree to receive the same.
65. Sales by whom conducted and how made—Save as otherwise prescribed, every sale in execution of a decree shall be conducted by an officer of the Court or by such other person as the Court may appoint in this behalf, and shall be made by public auction in manner prescribed.
66. Proclamation of sales by public auction—(1) Where any property is ordered to be sold by public auction in execution of a decree, the Court shall cause a proclamation of the intended sale to be made in the language of such Court.

(2) Such proclamation shall be drawn up after notice to the decree-holder and the judgment-debtor and shall state the time and place of sale, and specify as fairly and accurately as possible-

(a) the property to be sold [or , where a part of the property would be sufficient to satisfy the decree, such part;]

(b) the revenue assessed upon the estate or part of the estate, where the property to be sold is an interest in an estate or in part of an estate paying revenue to the Government;

(c) any encumbrance to which the property is liable;

(d) the amount for the recovery of which the sale is ordered; and

(e) every other thing which the Court considers material for a purchaser to know in order to judge of the nature and value of the property:

[Provided that where notice of the date for settling the terms of the proclamation has been given to the judgment-debtor by means of an order under rule 54, it shall not be necessary to give notice under this rule to the judgment-debtor unless the Court otherwise directs:

Provided further that nothing in this rule shall be construed as requiring the Court to enter in the proclamation of sale its own estimate of the value of the property, but the proclamation shall include the estimate, if any, given, by either or both of the parties.]

(3) Every application for an order for sale under this rule shall be accompanied by a statement signed and verified in the manner hereinbefore prescribed for the signing and verification of pleadings and containing, so far as they are known to or can be ascertained by the person making the verification, the matters required by sub-rule (2) to be specified in the proclamation.

(4) For the purpose of ascertaining the matters to be specified in the proclamation, the Court may summon any person whom it thinks necessary to summon and may examine him in respect to any such matters and require him to produce' any document in his possession or power relating thereto.

67. Mode of making proclamation—(1) Every proclamation shall be made and published, as nearly as may be, in the manner prescribed by rule 54, sub-rule (2).

(2) Where the Court so directs, such proclamation shall also be published in the Government Gazette or in a local newspaper, or in both, and the costs of such publication shall be deemed to be costs of the sale.

(3) Where property is divided into lots for the purpose of being sold separately, it shall not be necessary to make a separate proclamation for each lot unless proper notice of the sale cannot, in the opinion of the Court, otherwise be given.

68. Time of sale—Save in the case of property of the kind described in the proviso to rule 43, no sale hereunder shall, without the consent in writing of the judgment-debtor, take place until after the expiration of at least [fifteen days] in the case of immovable property, and of at least [seven days] in the case of movable property, calculated from the date on which the copy of proclamation has been affixed on the court-house of the Judge ordering the sale.

69 Adjournment or stoppage of sale — (1) The Court may in its discretion, adjourn any sale hereunder to a specified day and hour, and the officer conducting any such sale may in his discretion adjourn the sale, recording his reasons for such adjournment:

Provided that, where the sale is made in, or within the precincts of the Court-house, no such adjournment shall be made without the leave of the Court.

(2) Where a sale is adjourned under sub-rule (1) for a longer period than [thirty days] a fresh proclamation under rule 67 shall be made unless the judgment-debtor consents to waive it.

(3) Every sale shall be stopped if, before the lot is knocked down, the debt and costs (including the costs of the sale) are tendered to the officer conducting the sale, or proof is given to his satisfaction that the amount of such debt and costs has been paid into the Court which ordered the sale.

70. Saving of certain sales—Nothing in rules 66 to 69 shall be deemed to apply to any case in which the execution of a decree has been transferred to the Collector.
71. Defaulting purchaser answerable for loss on re-sale—Any deficiency of price which may happen on a re-sale by reason of the purchaser's default, and all expenses attending such re-sale, shall be certified to the Court or to the Collector or subordinate of the Collector, as the case may be, by the officer or other person holding the sale, and shall, at the instance of either the decree-holder or the judgment-debtor, be recoverable from the defaulting purchaser under the provisions relating to the execution of a decree for the payment of money.
72. Decree-holder not to bid for or buy property without permission—(1) No holder of a decree in execution of which property is sold shall, without the express permission of the Court, bid for or purchase the property.

(2) Where decree-holder purchases, amount of decree may be taken as payment.—Where a decree-holder purchases with such permission, the purchase-money and the amount due on the decree may, subject to the provisions of section 73, be set off against one another, and the Court executing the decree shall enter up satisfaction of the decree in whole or in part accordingly.

(3) Where a decree-holder purchases, by himself or through another person, without such permission, the Court may, if it thinks fit, on the application of the judgment-debtor or any other person whose interests are affected by the sale, by order set aside the sale; and the costs of such, application and order, and any deficiency of price which may happen on the re-sale and all expenses attending it, shall be paid by the decree-holder .

[72-A. Mortgagee not to bid at sale without the leave of the Court—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in rule 72, a mortgagee of immovable property shall not bid for or purchase property sold in execution of a decree on the mortgage unless the Court grants him leave to bid for or purchase the property.

(2) If leave to bid is granted to such mortgagee, then the Court shall fix a reserve price as regards the mortgagee, and unless the Court otherwise directs, the reserve price shall be-

(a) not less than the amount then due for principal, interest and costs in respect of the mortgage if the property is sold in one lot; and

(b) in the case of any property sold in lots, not less than such sum as shall appear to the Court to be properly attributable to each lot in relation to the amount then due for principal, interest and costs on the mortgage.

(3) In other respects, the provisions of sub-rule (2) and (3) of rule 72 shall apply in relation to purchase by the decree-holder under that rule.]

73. Restriction on bidding or purchase by officers—No officer or other person having any duty to perform in connection with any sale shall, either directly or indirectly, bid for, acquire or attempt to acquire any interest in the property sold.

Sale of Movable Property

74. Sale of agricultural produce—(1) Where a property to be sold is agricultural produce, the sale shall be held,

(a) if such produce is a growing crop, on or near the land on which such crop has grown, or

(b) if such produce has been cut or gathered, at or hear the threshing-floor or place for treading out grain or the like or fodder stack on or in which it is deposited:

Provided that the Court may direct the sale to be held at the nearest place of public resort, if it is of opinion that the produce is thereby likely to sell to greater advantage.

(2) Where, on the produce being put up for sale,

(a) a fair price, in the estimation of the person holding the sale, is not offered for it, and

(b) the owner of the produce or a person authorised to act in his behalf applies to have the sale postponed till the next day or, if a market is held at the place of sale, the next market day,

the sale shall be postponed accordingly and shall be then completed, whatever price may be offered for the produce.

75. Special provisions relating to growing crops—(1) Where the property to be sold is a growing crop and the crop from its nature admits of being stored but has not yet been stored, the day of the sale shall be so fixed as to admit of its being made ready for storing before the arrival of such day, and the sale shall not be held until the crop has been cut or gathered and is ready for storing.

(2) Where the crop from its nature does not admit of being stored, it may be sold before it is cut and gathered, and the purchaser shall be entitled to enter on the land, and to do all that is necessary for the purpose of tending and cutting or gathering it.

76. Negotiable instruments and shares in corporations—Where the property to be sold is negotiable instrument or a share in a corporation, the Court may, instead of directing the sale to be made by public auction, authorize the sale of such instrument or share through a broker.
77. Sale by public auction—(1) Where movable property is sold by public auction the price or each lot shall be paid at the time of sale or as soon after as the officer or other person holding the sale directs, and in default of payment the property shall forthwith be resold.

(2) On payment of the purchase-money, the officer or other person holding the sale shall grant a receipt for the same, and the sale shall become absolute.

(3) Where the movable property to be sold is a share in goods belonging to the judgment-debtor and a co-owner, and two or more persons, of whom one is such co-owner, respectively bid the same sum for such property of for any lot, the bidding shall be deemed to be the bidding of the co-owner.

78. Irregularity not to vitiate sale, but any person injured may sue—No irregularity in publishing or conducting the sale of movable property shall vitiate the sale; but any person sustaining any injury by reason of such irregularity at the hand of any other person may institute a suit against him for compensation or (if such other person is the purchaser) for the recovery of the specific property and for compensation in default of such recovery.
79. Delivery of movable property, debts and shares—(1) Where the property sold is movable property of which actual seizure has been made, it shall be delivered to the purchaser.

(2) Where the property sold is movable property in the possession of some person other than the judgment-debtor, the delivery thereof to the purchaser shall be made by giving notice to the person in possession prohibiting him from delivering possession of the property to any person except the purchaser.

(3) Where the property sold is a debt not secured by a negotiable instrument, or is a share in a corporation, the delivery thereof shall be made by a written order of the Court prohibiting the creditor from receiving the debt or any interest thereon, and the debtor from making payment thereof to any person except the purchaser or prohibiting the person in whose name the share may be standing from making any transfer of the share to any person except the purchaser, or receiving payment of any dividend or interest thereon, and the manager, secretary or other proper officer of the corporation from permitting any such transfer of making any such payment to any person except the purchaser.

80. Transfer of negotiable instruments and shares—(1) Where the execution of a document or the endorsement of the party in whose name a negotiable instrument or a share in a corporation is standing is required to transfer such negotiable instrument or share, the Judge or such officer as he may appoint in this behalf may execute such document or make such endorsement as may be necessary, and such execution or endorsement shall have the same effect as an execution or endorsement by the party.

(2) Such execution or endorsement may be in the following form, namely:-

A.B. by C.D. Judge of the Court of ( or as the case may be), in a suit by E.F. against A.B.

(3) Until the transfer of such negotiable instrument or share, the Court may, by order, appoint some person to receive any interest or dividend due thereon and to sign a receipt for the same; and any receipt so signed shall be valid and effectual for all purposes as if the same had been signed by the party himself.

81. Vesting order in case of other property— In the case of any movable property not hereinbefore provided for, the Court may make an order vesting such property in the purchaser or as he may direct; and such property shall vest accordingly.

Sale of Immovable Property

82. What Courts may order sale—Sales of immovable property in execution of decrees may be ordered by any Court other than a Court of Small Causes.
83. Postponement of sale to enable judgment-debtor to raise amount of decree—(1) Where an order for the sale of immovable property has been made, if the judgment-debtor can satisfy the Court that there is reason to believe that the amount of the decree may be raised by the mortgage or lease or private sale of such property, or some part thereof, or of any other immovable property of the judgment-debtor, the Court may, on his application, postpone the sale of the property comprised in the order for sale on such terms and for such period as it thinks proper, to enable him to raise the amount.

(2) In such case the Court shall grant a certificate to the judgment-debtor authorising him within a period to be mentioned therein, and notwithstanding anything contained in section 64, to make the proposed mortgage, lease or sale:

Provided that all moneys payable under such mortgage, lease or sale shall be paid, not to the judgment-debtor but, save in so far as a decree-holder is entitled to set-off such money under the provisions of rule 72, into Court:

Provided also that no mortgage, lease or sale under this rule shall become absolute until it has been confirmed by the Court.

(3) Nothing in this rule shall be deemed to apply to a sale of property directed to be sold in execution of a decree for sale in enforcement of a mortgage of, or charge on, such property.

84. Deposit by purchaser and re-sale on default—(1) On every sale of immovable property the person declared to be the purchaser shall pay immediately after such declaration a deposit of twenty-five percent on the amount of his purchase-money to the officer or other person conducting the sale, and in default of such deposit, the property shall forthwith be re-sold.

(2) Where the decree-holder is the purchaser and is entitled to set-off the purchase money under rule 72, the Court may dispense with the requirements of this rule.

85. Time for payment in full of purchase-money—The full amount of purchase money payable shall be paid by the purchaser into Court before the Court closes on the fifteenth day from the sale of the property:

Provided that, in calculating the amount to be so paid into Court, the purchaser shall have the advantage of any set-off to which he may be entitled under rule 72.

86. Procedure in default of payment—In default of payment within the period mentioned in the last proceeding rule, the deposit may, if the Court thinks fit, after defraying the expenses of the sale, be forfeited to the Government, and the property shall be re-sold, and the defaulting purchaser shall forfeit all claim to the property or to any part of the sum for which it may subsequently be sold.
87. Notification on re-sale—Every re-sale of immovable property, in default of payment of the purchase-money within the period allowed for such payment, shall be made after the issue of a fresh proclamation in the manner and for the period hereinbefore prescribed for the sale.
88. Bid of co-sharer to have preference—Where the property sold is a share of undivided immovable property and two or more persons, of whom one is a co-sharer, respectively bid the same sum for such property or for any lot, the bid shall be deemed to be the bid of the co-sharer.
89. Application to set aside sale on deposit—(1) Where immovable property has been sold in execution of a decree,[any person claiming an interest in the property sold at the time of the sale or at time of making the application, or in the interest of such person] may apply to have the sale set aside on his depositing in Court,

(a) for payment to the purchaser, a sum equal to five percent of the purchase money, and

(b) for payment to the decree-holder, the amount specified in the proclamation of sale as that for the recovery of which the sale was ordered, less any amount which may, since the date of such proclamation of sale, have been received by the decree-holder.

(2) Where a person applies under rule 90 to set aside the sale of his immovable property, he shall not unless he withdraws his application, be entitled to make or prosecute an application under this rule.

(3) Nothing in this rule shall relieve the judgment-debtor from any liability he may be under in respect of costs and interest not covered by the proclamation of sale.

[90. Application to set aside sale on ground of irregularity or fraud—(1) Where any immovable property has been sold in execution of a decree, the decree-holder, or the purchaser, or any other person entitled to share in a ratable distribution of assets, or whose interests are affected by the sale, may apply to the Court to set aside the sale on the ground of a material irregularity or fraud in publishing or conducting it.

(2) No sale shall be set aside on the ground of irregularity or fraud in publishing or conducting it unless, upon the facts proved, the Court is satisfied that the applicant has sustained substantial injury by reason of such irregularity or fraud.

(3) No application to set aside a sale under this rule shall be entertained upon any ground which the applicant could have taken on or before the date on which the proclamation of sale was drawn up.

Explanation.—The mere absence of, or defect in, attachment of the property sold shall not by itself, be a ground for setting aside a sale under this rule.]

91. Application by purchaser to set aside sale on ground of judgment-debtor having no saleable interest—The purchaser at any such sale in execution of a decree may apply to the Court to set aside the sale, on the ground that the judgment-debtor had no saleable interest in the property sold.
92. Sale when to become absolute or be set aside—(1) Where no application is made under rule 89, rule 90 or rule 91, or where such application is made and disallowed, the Court shall make an order confirming the sale, and thereupon the sale shall subject to the provisions of rule 94 becomes absolute:

[Provided that, where any property is sold in execution of a decree pending the final disposal of any claim to or any objection to the attachment of, such property, the Court shall not confirm such sale until the final disposal of such claim or objection].

(2) Where such application is made and allowed, and where, in the case of an application under rule 89, the deposit required by that rule is made within [sixty days] days from the date of sale, [or in cases where the amount deposited under rule 89 is found to be deficient owing to any clerical or arithmetical mistake on the part of the depositor and such deficiency has been made good within such time as may be fixed by the Court, the Court shall make an order setting aside the sale:]

Provided that no order shall be made unless notice of the application has been given to all persons affected thereby:

[Provided further that the deposit under this sub-rule may be made within sixty days in all such cases where the period of thirty days, within which the deposit had to be made, has not expired before the commencement of the Civil Laws (Amendment) Act, 2009.]

(3) No suit to set aside an order made under this rule shall be brought by any person against whom such order is made.

[(4) Where a third party challenges the judgment-debtor's title by filing a suit against the auction-purchaser, the decree-holder and the judgment-debtor shall be necessary parties to the suit.

(5) If the suit referred to in sub-rule (4) is decreed, the Court shall direct the decree-holder to refund the money to the auction-purchaser, and where such an order is passed the execution proceeding in which the sale had been held shall, unless the Court otherwise directs, be revived at the stage at which the sale was ordered.]

93. Return of purchase-money in certain cases—Where a sale of immovable property is set aside under rule 92, the purchaser shall be entitled to an order for repayment of his purchase-money, with or without interest as the Court may direct, against any person to whom it has been paid.
94. Certificate to purchaser—Where a sale of immovable property is confirmed, the Court shall prepare a certificate specifying the property sold, the name of the person who at the time of sale is declared to be the purchaser and the date on which the sale was confirmed and sent it for registration to the registering officer within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the whole or any part of the immovable property comprised in such certificate situate. On completion of its registration according to the provisions of the Registration Officer shall return the certificate to the Court from whom it was received. The Court shall then issue the certificate to the purchaser.
95. Delivery of property in occupancy of judgment-debtor—Where the immovable property sold is in the occupancy of the judgment-debtor or of some person on his behalf or of some person claiming under a title created by the judgment-debtor subsequently to the attachment of such property and a certificate in respect thereof has been granted under rule 94, the Court shall, on the application of the purchaser, order delivery to be made by putting such purchaser or any person whom he may appoint to receive delivery on his behalf in possession of the property, and, if need be, by removing any person who refuses to vacate the same.
96. Delivery of property in occupancy of tenant—Where the property sold is in the occupancy of a tenant or other person entitled to occupy the same and a certificate in respect thereof has been granted under rule 94, the Court shall, on the application of the purchaser, order delivery to be made by affixing a copy of the certificate of sale in some conspicuous place on the property, and proclaiming to the occupant by beat of drum or other customary mode, at some convenient place, that the interest of the judgment-debtor has been transferred to the purchaser.

Resistance to Delivery of Possession to Decree-Holder or Purchaser

97. Resistance or obstruction to possession of immovable property—(1) Where the holder of the decree for the possession of immovable property or the purchaser of any such property sold in execution of a decree is resisted or obstructed by any person in obtaining possession of the property, he may make an application to the Court complaining of such resistance or obstruction.

[(2) Where any application is made under sub-rule (1), the Court shall proceed to adjudicate upon the application in accordance with the provisions herein contained.]

99. Dispossession by decree-holder or purchaser—(1) Where any person other than the judgment-debtor is dispossessed of immovable property by the holder, of a decree for the possession of such property or, where such property has been sold in execution of a decree, by the purchaser thereof, he may make an application to the Court complaining of such dispossession.

(2) Where any such application is made, the Court shall proceed to adjudicate upon the application in accordance with the provisions herein contained.

100. Order to be passed upon application complaining of dispossession—Upon the determination of the question referred to in rule 101, the Court shall, in accordance with such determination,

(a) make an order allowing the application and directing that the applicant be put into the possession of the property or dismissing the application; or

(b) pass such other order as, in the circumstances of the case, it may deem fit.

101. Questions to be determined—All questions (including questions relating to right, title or interest in the property) arising between the parties to a proceeding on an application under rule 97 or rule 99 or their representatives, and relevant to the adjudication of the application, shall be determined by the Court dealing with the application and not by a separate suit and for this purpose, the Court shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other law for the time being in force be deemed to have jurisdiction to decide such questions.
102. Rules not applicable to transferee pendent lite—Nothing in rules 98 and 100 shall apply to resistance or obstruction in execution of a decree for the possession of immovable property by a person to whom the judgment-debtor has transferred the property after the institution of the suit in which the decree was passed or to the dispossession of any such person.

Explanation.— In this rule, "transfer" includes a transfer by operation of law.

103. Orders to be treated as decrees—Where any application has been adjudicated upon under rule 98 or rule 100, the order made thereon shall have the same force and be subject to the same conditions as to an appeal or otherwise as if it were a decree.]

[104. Order under rule 101 or rule 103 to be subject to the result of pending suit—Every order made under rule 101 or rule 103 shall be subject to the result of any suit that may be pending on the date of commencement of the proceeding in which such order is made, if in such suit the party against whom the order under rule 101 or rule 103 is made has sought to establish a right which he claims to the present possession of the property.

105. Hearing application—(1) The Court, before which an application under any of the foregoing rules of this Order is pending, may fix a day for the hearing of the application.

(2) Where on the day fixed or on the day to which the hearing may be adjourned the applicant does not appear when the case is called on for hearing, the Court may make an order that the application be dismissed.

(3) Where the applicant appears and the opposite party to whom the notice has been issued by the Court does not appear, the Court may hear, the application ex parte and pass such order as it thinks fit.

Explanation.— An application referred to in sub-rule (1) includes a claim or objection made under rule 58.

106. Setting aside orders passed ex parte, etc—(1) The applicant, against whom an order made under sub-rule (2) of rule 105 or the opposite party against whom an order is passed ex parte under sub-rule (3) of that rule or under sub-rule (1) of rule 23, may apply to the Court to set aside the order, and if he satisfies the Court that there was sufficient cause for his non-appearance when the application was called on for hearing, the Court shall set aside the order on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit, and shall appoint a day for the further hearing of the application.

(2) No order shall be made on an application under sub-rule (1) unless notice of the application has been served on the other party.

(3) An application under sub-rule (1) shall be made within thirty days from the date of the order, or where, in the case of an ex parte order, the notice was not duly served, within thirty days from the date when the applicant had knowledge of the order].

Order XXI (A) (R, I-17).

Of Insolvent Judgment-Debtors

1. Power to apply for declaration of insolvency—Any judgment-debtor arrested or imprisoned in execution of a decree for money or against whose property an order of attachment has been made in execution of such a decree, may apply in writing to be declared an insolvent.

Any holder of a decree for money may apply in writing that the judgment-debtor may be declared an insolvent.

Every such application shall be made to the District Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the judgment-debtor resides or is in custody.

2. Contents of application—The application when made by the judgment-debtor, shall set forth

(a) the fact of his arrest and imprisonment, or that an order for the attachment of his property has been made, the Court by whose order he was arrested or imprisoned, or by which the order of attachment was made, and, where he has been arrested or imprisoned, the place in which he is in custody;

(b) the amount, kind and particulars of his property, and the value of any such property not consisting of money;

(c) the place or places in which such property is to be found;

(d) his willingness to put it at the disposal of the Court;

(e) the amount and particulars of all pecuniary claims against him; and

(f) the names and residences of his creditors, so far as they are known to, or can be ascertained by, him.

The application, when made by the holder of a decree for money, shall set forth the date of the decree, the Court by which it was passed, the amount remaining due thereunder, and the place where the judgment-debtor resides or is in custody.

3. Subscription and verification of application—The application shall be signed and verified by the applicant in manner hereinbefore prescribed for signing and verifying pleadings.
4. Service of copy of application and notice—The Court shall fix a day for hearing the application, and shall cause a copy thereof, with a notice in writing of the time and place at which it will be heard, to be struck up in Court, and served at the applicant's expense-

where the applicant is the judgment-debtor-on the holder of the decree in execution of which he was arrested or imprisoned or the order of attachment was made or on the pleader of such decree-holder and on the other creditors (if any) mentioned in the application;

where the applicant is the decree-holder-on the judgment-debtor or his pleader; the Court may, if it thinks fit, publish, at the applicant's expense, the application in the Government Gazette and such public newspapers as it thinks fit.

where the applicant is the judgment-debtor, the Court may exempt him from any payments under this section, if satisfied that he is unable to make them.

5. Power to serve other creditors—The court may also, if it thinks fit, cause a like copy and notice to be served on any other person alleging himself to be a creditor of the applicant, and applying for leave to be heard on the application.

[6. Powers of Court as to judgment-debtor under arrest—If at the time of making an order admitting the petition or at any subsequent time before adjudication, the judgment-debtor is in custody under the forgoing provisions of this Code, the Court may order his release on such terms as to security as may be reasonable and necessary].

7. Procedure at hearing—On the day so fixed, or on any subsequent day to which the Court may adjourn the hearing, the Court shall examine the judgment-debtor, in the presence of the persons on whom such notice has been served or their pleaders, as to his then circumstances and as to his future means of payment, and shall hear the said decree-holder, the other creditors mentioned in the application, and the other persons (if any) alleging themselves to be creditors, in opposition to the judgment-debtor's discharge; and may, if it thinks fit, grant time to the said decree-holder and other creditors or persons to adduce evidence showing that the judgment-debtor is not entitled to be declared an insolvent.
8. Declaration of insolvency and appointment of Receiver—If the Court is satisfied-

(a) that the statements in the application are substantially true;

(b) that the judgment-debtor has not, with intent to defraud his creditors, concealed, transferred or removed any part of his property since the institution of the suit in which was passed the decree in execution of which he was arrested or imprisoned or the order of attachment was made, or at any subsequent time;

(c) that he has not, knowing himself to be unable to pay his debts in full, recklessly contracted debts, or given an unfair preference to any of his creditors by any payment or disposition of his property;

(d) that he has not committed any other act of bad faith regarding the matter of the application,

the Court may declare him to be an insolvent, and may also, if it thinks fit, make an order appointing a Receiver of his property, or, if it does not appoint such Receiver, may discharge the insolvent.

If the Court is not so satisfied, it shall make an order rejecting the application.

9. Creditors to prove their debts, schedule to be framed—The creditors mentioned in the application, and the other persons (if any) alleging themselves to be creditors of the insolvent, shall then produce evidence of the amount and particulars of their respective pecuniary claims against him; and the Court shall, by order, determine the persons who have proved themselves to be the insolvent 's creditors and their respective debts; and shall frame a schedule of such persons and debts; and the declaration under rule 8 shall be deemed to be a decree in favour of each of the said creditors for the said respective debts.

A copy of every such schedule shall be stuck up in the Court-house.

Nothing in this rule shall be deemed to entitle a partner in an insolvent firm, or, when he has died before the insolvency, his legal representative, to prove in competition with the creditors of the firm.

10. Applications by un-scheduled creditors—Any creditor of the insolvent who is not mentioned in such schedule may apply to the Court for permission to produce evidence of the amount and particulars of his pecuniary claims against the insolvent, and, in case the applicant proves himself to be a creditor of the insolvent, for and order directing his name to be inserted in the schedule as a creditor for the debt so proved.

Any creditor mentioned in the schedule may apply to the Court for an order altering the schedule, so far as regards the amount, nature or particulars of his own debt, or to strike out the name of another creditor, or to alter the schedule, so far as regards the amount, nature or particulars of the debt of another creditor.

In the case of any application under this rule the Court, after causing such notices as it thinks fit to be served, at the applicant's expense, on the insolvent and the other creditors, and hearing their objections (if any), may comply with or reject the application.

11. Effect of order appointing Receiver—Every order under rule 8 shall be published in the Government Gazette, and every order under that rule appointing a Receiver, shall operate to vest in the Receiver all the insolvent 's property [except the particulars which are not liable to attachment or sale under section 60] whether set forth in his application or not.
12. Receiver to give security and to collect assets and discharge of insolvent— The Receiver so appointed shall give such security as the Court may direct, and shall possess himself of all such property, except as aforesaid; and on his certifying that the insolvent has placed him in possession thereof, or has done everything in his power for that purpose, the Court may discharge the insolvent upon such conditions (if any) as the Court thinks fit.
13. Duty of Receiver—(A) The Receiver shall proceed under the direction of the Court

(a) to convert the property into money;

(b) to pay there out debts, fines and penalties (if any) due by the insolvent to the State;

(c) to pay the said decree-holders costs;

(d) to discharge, according to their respective priorities, all debts secured by mortgage of the insolvent 's property;

(e) to distribute the balance among the scheduled creditors rate ably according to the amounts of their respective debts, and without any preference;

His right to remuneration. Delivery of surplus.—and such Receiver may retain, as a remuneration for the performance of his duties, a commission, to be fixed by the Court not exceeding the rate of five per centurn upon the amount of the balance so distributed (the amount of the commission so retained being deemed a distribution), and shall deliver the surplus (if any) to the insolvent or his legal representative:

Provided that, in any local area in which a declaration has been made under section 68 and is in force, no sale of immovable property paying revenue to the State, or held or let for agriculture purposes, shall be made by the Receiver; but after he has sold the other property of the insolvent, the Court shall ascertain (a) the amount required to satisfy the claims of the scheduled creditors after deducting the moneys already received; (b) the immovable property of the insolvent remaining unsold; and (c) the encumbrances (if any) existing thereon, and shall forward a statement to the Collector containing the particulars aforesaid; and thereupon the Collector shall proceed to raise the amount so required by the exercise of such of the powers conferred on him by Schedule III as he thinks fit, and subject to the provisions of the said schedule, so far as it may be applicable, and shall hold at the disposal of the Court all sums that may come to his hands by such exercise.

[14. Effect of discharge]—(a) An insolvent discharged under rule 8 or 12 may apply to the Court for protection, and the Court may on such application make an order for the protection of the insolvent from arrest or detention,

(b) A protection order may apply either, to all the debts of the debtor or to any one of them as the Court may think proper and may commence and take effect at and for such time as the Court may direct, and may be revoked or renewed as the Court may think fit.

(c) A protection order shall protect the insolvent from being arrested or detained in prison for any debt to which such order applied, and any insolvent arrested or detained contrary to the terms of such an order shall be entitled to his release:

Provided that not such order shall operate to prejudice the rights of any creditor in the event of such order being revoked or the adjudication annulled.

(d) Any creditor shall be entitled to appear and oppose the grant of a protection order.

(e) But the property of discharged insolvent (subject to the provisions of rule 15) whether previously or subsequently acquired [except the particulars which are not liable to attachment or sale and except the property vested in the Receiver] shall, by order of the Court, be liable to attachment and sale until the debts due to the scheduled creditors are satisfied to the extent of one-third, or until the expiry of twelve years from the date of the order of discharge under rule 8 or 12.

15. Declaration that insolvent is discharged from such liability—If the aggregate amount of the scheduled debts is two hundred rupees or a less sum, the Court may, and in any case after the scheduled debts have been satisfied to the extent of one-third or after the expiry of twelve years from the order of discharge, the Court shall declare the insolvent, discharged as aforesaid absolved from further liability in respect of such debts.
16. Procedure in case of dishonest applicant—Whenever, at the hearing under rule 7, it is proved that the applicant has

(a) been guilty, in his application, of any concealment or of wilfully making any false statement as to the debts due by him, or respecting the property belonging to him, whether in possession or in expectancy, or held for him in trust;

(b) fraudulently concealed, transferred, or removed any property; or

(c) committed any other act of bad faith regarding the matter of the application;

the Court shall, at the instance of any of his creditors, sentence him, by order in writing to imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year from the date of committal;

or the Court may, if it thinks fit, send him to the Magistrate to be dealt with according to law.

17. Investment of other Courts with powers of District Courts—[The Government] may, by notification in the Government Gazette, invest any Court other than a District Court with the powers conferred on District Courts by the preceding rules and the District Judge may transfer to any Court, situate in his District, and so invested, any case instituted under rale 1.

A Court so invested may entertain an application under rule 1 by any person who has been arrested or imprisoned, or against whose property an order of attachment has been made in execution of a decree for money passed by that Court.

Order XXII (R, 1-12).

Death, Marriage and Insolvency of Parties

1. No abatement by party's death, if right to sue survives—The death of a plaintiff or defendant shall not cause the suit to abate if the right to sue survives.
2. Procedure where one of several plaintiffs or defendants dies and right to sue survives—Where there are more plaintiffs or defendants than one, and any of them dies, and where the right to sue survives to the surviving plaintiff or plaintiffs alone, or against the surviving defendant or defendants alone, the Court shall cause an entry to that effect to be made on the record, and the suit shall proceed at the instance of the surviving plaintiff or plaintiffs, or against the surviving defendant or defendants.
3. Procedure in case of one of several plaintiffs or of sole plaintiff—(1) Where one of two or more plaintiffs dies and the right to sue does not survive to the surviving plaintiff or plaintiffs alone, or a sole plaintiff or sole surviving plaintiff dies and the right to sue survives, the Court, on an application made in that behalf, shall cause the legal representative of the deceased plaintiff to be made a party and shall proceed with the suit.

(2) Where within the time limited by law no application is made under sub-rule (1), the suit shall abate so far as the deceased plaintiff is concerned, and, on the application of the defendant, the Court may award to him the costs which he may have incurred in defending the suit, to be recovered from the estate of the deceased plaintiff.

4. Procedure in case of death of one of several defendants or of sole defendant—(1) Where one of two or more defendants dies and the right to sue does not survive against the surviving defendant or defendants alone, or a sole defendant or sole surviving defendant dies and the right to sue survives, the Court, on an application made in that behalf, shall cause the legal representatives of the deceased defendant to be made a party and shall proceed with the suit.

(2) Any person so made a party may make any defence appropriate to his character as legal representatives of the deceased defendant.

(3) Where within the time limited by law no application is made under sub-rule (1), the suit shall abate as against the deceased defendant.

[(4) The Court whenever it thinks fit, may exempt the plaintiff from the necessity of substituting the legal representatives of any such defendant who has failed to file a written statement or who, having filed it, has failed to appear and contest the suit at the hearing; and judgment may, in such case, be pronounced against the said defendant notwithstanding the death of such defendant and shall have the same force and effect as if it has been pronounced before death took place.

(5) Where-

(a) the plaintiff was ignorant of the death of a defendant, and could not, for that reason, make an application for the substitution of the legal representative of the defendant under this rule within the period specified in the Limitation Act, 1995, and the suit has, in consequence, abated, and

(b) the plaintiff applies after the expiry of the period specified therefor in the Limitation Act, 1995 for setting aside the abatement and also for the admission of that application under section 5 of that Act on the ground that he had, by reason of such ignorance, sufficient cause for not making the application within the period specified in the said Act, the Court shall, in considering the application under the said section 5, have due regard, to the fact of such ignorance, if proved].

[4-A. Procedure where there is no legal representative—(1) If, in any suit, it shall appear to the Court that any party who has died during the pendency of the suit has no legal representative, the Court may, on the application of any party to the suit, proceed in the absence of a person representing the estate of the deceased person, or may by order appoint the Administrator-General, or an Officer of the Court or such other person as it thinks fit to represent the estate of the deceased person for the purpose of the suit; and any judgment or order subsequently given or made in the suit shall hind the estate of the deceased person to the same extent as he would have been bound if a personal representative of the deceased person had been a party to the suit.

(2) Before making an order under this rule the Court

(a) may require notice of the application for the order to be given to such (if any) of the person having an interest in the estate of the deceased person as it thinks fit; and

(b) shall ascertain that the person proposed to be appointed to represent the estate of the deceased person is willing to be so appointed and has no interest adverse to that of the deceased person.]

5. Determination of question as to legal representative—Where a question arises as to whether any person is or is not the legal representative of a deceased plaintiff or a deceased defendant, such question shall be determined by the Court:

[Provided that where such question arises before an appellate Court, that Court may, before determining the question, direct any subordinate Court to try the question and to return the records together with evidence, if any, recorded at such trial, its findings and reasons therefor, and the Appellate Court may take the same into consideration in determining the question.]

6. No abatement by reason of death after hearing—Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing rules, whether the cause of action survives or not, there shall be no abatement by reason of the death of either party between the conclusion of the hearing and the pronouncing of the judgment, but judgment may in such case be pronounced notwithstanding the death and shall have the same force and effect as if it had been pronounced before the death took place.
7. Suit not abated by marriage of female party—(1) The marriage of a female plaintiff or defendant shall not cause the suit to abate, but the suit may notwithstanding be proceeded with to judgment, and, where the decree is against a female defendant, it may be executed against her alone.

(2) Where the husband is by law liable for the debts of his wife, the decree may, with the permission of the Court, be executed against the husband also; and, in case of judgment for the wife, execution of the decree may, with such permission, be issued upon the application of the husband, where the husband is by law entitled to the subject matter of the decree.

8. When plaintiff's insolvency bars suits—(1) The insolvency of a plaintiff in any suit which the assignee or receiver might maintain for the benefit of his creditors, shall not cause the suit to abate, unless such assignee or receiver declines to continue the suit or (unless for any special reason the Court otherwise directs) to give security for the costs thereof within such time as the Court may direct.

Procedure where assignee fails to continue suit or give security.—(2) Where the assignee or receiver neglects or refuses to continue the suit and to give such security within the time so ordered, the defendant may apply for the dismissal of the suit on the grounds of the plaintiff's insolvency, and the Court may make an order dismissing the suit and awarding to the defendant the costs which he has incurred in defending the same to be proved as a debt against the plaintiffs estate.

9. Effect of abatement or dismissal—(1) Where a suit abates or is dismissed under this Order, no fresh suit shall be brought on the same cause of action.

(2) The plaintiff or the person claiming to be the legal representative of deceased plaintiff or the assignee or the receiver in the case of an insolvent plaintiff may apply for an order to set aside the abatement or dismissal; and if it is proved that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from continuing the suit, the Court shall set aside the abatement or dismissal upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit.

(3) The provisions of section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1995, shall apply to application under sub-rule (2).

[Explanation.— Nothing in this rule shall be construed as barring, in any later suit, a defence based on the facts which constituted the cause of action in the suit which has abated or had been dismissed under this Order.]

10. Procedure in case of assignment before final order in suit—(1) In other cases of an assignment, creation or devolution of any interest during the pendency of a suit, the suit may, be leave of the Court. be continued by or against the person to or upon whom such interest has come or devolved.

(2) The attachment of a decree pending an appeal therefrom shall be deemed to be an interest entitling the person who procured such attachment to the benefit of sub-rule (1).

[10-A. Duty of pleader to communicate to Court death of a party — Whenever a pleader appearing for a party to the suit comes to know of the death of that party he shall inform the Court about, and the Court shall thereupon give notice of such death to the other party, and, for this purpose the contract between the pleader and the deceased party shall be deemed to subsist.]

11. Application of Order to appeals—In the application of this Order to appeals, so far as may be, the word "plaintiff" shall be held to include an appellant, the word "defendant" a respondent, and the word "suit" an appeal.
12. Application of Order to proceedings—Nothing in rules 3,4 and 8 shall apply to proceedings in execution of a decree or order.

Order XXIII (R,1-4).

Withdrawal and Adjustment of Suits

[1. Withdrawal of suit or abandonment of part of claim — (1) At any time after the institution of a suit, the plaintiff may as against all or any of the defendants abandon his suit or abandon a part of his claim:

Provided that where the plaintiff is a minor or other person to whom the provisions contained in rules 1 to 14 of Order XXXII extend, neither the suit nor any part of the claim shall be abandoned without the leave of the Court.

(2) An application for leave under the proviso to sub-rule (1) shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the next friend and also, if the minor or such other person is represented by a pleader, by a certificate of the pleader to the effect that the abandonment proposed is in his opinion, for the benefit of the minor or such other person.

(3) Where the Court is satisfied,

(a) that a suit must fail by reason of some formal defect, or

(b) that there are sufficient grounds for allowing the plaintiff to institute a fresh suit for the subject-matter of a suit or part of a claim;

it may, on such terms, as it thinks fit, grant the plaintiff permission to withdraw from such suit or such part of the claim with liberty to institute a fresh suit in respect of the subject-matter of such suit or such part of the claim.

(4) Where the plaintiff

(a) abandons any suit or part of claim under sub-rule (1), or

(b) withdraws from a suit or part of a claim without the permission referred to in sub-rule (3),

he shall be liable for such costs as the Court may award and shall be precluded from instituting any fresh suit in respect of such subject-matter or such part of the claim.

(5) Nothing in this rule shall be deemed to authorise the Court to permit one of several plaintiffs to abandon a suit or part of a claim under sub-rule (1) or to withdraw, under sub-rule (3), any suit or part of a claim, without the consent of the other plaintiffs.]

[1-A. When transposition of defendants as plaintiffs may be permitted — Where a suit is withdrawn or abandoned by a plaintiff under rule 1, and a defendant applies to be transposed as a plaintiff under rule 10 of Order 1, the Court shall in considering such application have due regard to the question whether the applicant has a substantial question to be decided as against any of the other defendants.]

2. Limitation law not affected by first suit— In any fresh suit instituted on permission granted under the last proceeding rule, the plaintiff shall be bound by the law of limitation in the same manner as if the first suit had not been instituted.
3. Compromise of suit—Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court that a suit has been adjusted wholly or in part by any lawful agreement or compromise, [in writing and signed by the parties] or where the defendant satisfies the plaintiff in respect of the whole or any part of the subject-matter of the suit, the Court shall order such agreement, compromise or satisfaction to be recorded, and shall pass a decree in accordance therewith so far it relates to the parties to the suit whether or not the subject-matter of the agreement, compromise or satisfaction is the same as the subject-matter of the suit:

[Provided that where it is alleged by one party and denied by the other that an adjustment or satisfaction has been arrived at, the Court shall decide the question; but no adjournment shall be granted for the purpose of deciding the question, unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, thinks fit to grant such adjournment.]

[Explanation. — An agreement or compromise which is void or voidable under the Contract Act, Svt. 1977, shall not be deemed to be lawful within the meaning of this rule.]

[3-A. Bar to suit—No suit shall lie to set aside a decree on the ground that the compromise on which the decree is based was not lawful.

3-B. No agreement or compromise to be entered in a representative suit without leave of Court—(1) No agreement or compromise in a representative suit shall be entered into without the leave of the Court expressly recorded in the proceedings; and any such agreement or compromise entered into without the leave of the Court so recorded shall be void.

(2) Before granting such leave, the Court shall give notice in such manner as it may think fit to such persons, as may appear to it to be interested in the suit.

Explanation. — In this rule "representative suit" means,

(a) a suit under section 91 or section 92,

(b) a suit under rule 8 of Order 1,

(c) a suit in which the manager of an undivided Hindu family sues or is sued as representing the other members of the family,

(d) any other suit in which the decree passed may by virtue of the provisions of this Code or of any other law for the time being in force, bind any person who is not named as party to the suit.]

4. Proceedings in execution of decrees not affected—Nothing in this Order shall apply to any proceedings in execution of a decree or order.

Order XXIV (R,1-4).

Payment into Court

1. Deposit by defendant of amount in satisfaction of claim—The defendant in any suit to recover a debt or damages may, at any stage of the suit, deposit in Court such sum of money as he considers a satisfaction in full of the claim.
2. Notice of deposit—Notice of the deposit shall be given through the Court by the defendant to the plaintiff, and the amount of the deposit shall (unless the Court otherwise directs) be paid to the plaintiff on his application.
3. Interest on deposit not allowed to plaintiff after notice—No interest shall be allowed to the plaintiff on any sum deposited by the defendant from the date of the receipt of such notice, whether the sum deposited is in full of the claim or falls short thereof.
4. Procedure where plaintiff accepts deposit as satisfaction in part—(1) Where the plaintiff accepts such amount as satisfaction in part only of his claim, he may prosecute his suit for the balance; and, if the Court decides that the deposit by the defendant was a full satisfaction of the plaintiffs claim, the plaintiff shall pay the costs of the suit incurred after the deposit and the costs incurred previous thereto, so far as they were caused by excess in the plaintiffs claim.

Procedure where he accepts it as satisfaction in full.—(2) Where the plaintiff accepts such amount as satisfaction in full of his claim, he shall present to the Court a statement to that effect, and such statement shall be filed and the Court shall pronounce judgment accordingly; and, in directing by whom the costs of each party are to be paid, the Court shall consider which of the parties is most to blame for the litigation.

Illustrations

(a) A owes B Rs. 100. B sues A for the amount, having made no demand for payment and having no reason to believe that the delay caused by making a demand would place him at a disadvantage. On the plaint being filed, A pays the money into Court, B accepts it in full satisfaction of his claim, but the Court should not allow him any costs, the litigation being presumably groundless on his part.

(b) B sues A under the circumstances mentioned in illustration (a). On the plaint being filed, A disputes the claim. Afterwards A pays the money into Court. B accepts it in full satisfaction of his claim. The Court should also give B his costs of suit. A's conduct having shown that the litigation was necessary.

(c) A owes B Rs.100, and is willing to pay him that sum without suit. B claims Rs. 150 and sues A for that amount. On plaint being filed. A pays Rs. 100 into Court and disputes only his liability to pay the remaining Rs. 50. B accepts Rs. 100 in full satisfaction of his claim. The Court should order him to pay A's costs.

Order XXV (R, 1-2)

Security for Costs

1. When security for costs may be required from plaintiff—(1) Where, at any stage of a suit, it appears to the Court that a sole plaintiff is, or when there are more plaintiffs than one) that all the plaintiffs are residing out of the State, and that such plaintiff does not, or that no one of such plaintiffs does, possess any sufficient immovable property within the State other than the property in suit, the Court may, either of its own motion or on the application of any defendant, order the plaintiffs, within a time fixed by it, to give security for the payment of all costs incurred and likely to be incurred by any defendant.

Residence out of the State.—(2) Whoever leaves the State under such circumstances as to afford reasonable probability that he will not be forthcoming whenever he may be called upon to pay costs shall be deemed to be residing out of the State within the meaning of sub-rule (1).

(3) On the application of any defendant in a suit for the payment of money, in which the plaintiff is woman, the Court may at any stage of the suit make a like order if it is satisfied that such plaintiff does not possess any sufficient immovable property within the State.

2. Effect of failure to furnish security—(1) In the event of such security not being furnished within the time fixed, the Court shall make an order dismissing the suit unless the plaintiff or plaintiffs are permitted to withdraw therefrom.

(2) Where a suit is dismissed under this rule, the plaintiff may apply for an order to set the dismissal aside, and, if it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from furnishing the security within the time allowed, the Court shall set aside the dismissal upon such terms as to security, costs or otherwise as it thinks fit, and shall appoint a day for proceeding with the suit.

(3) The dismissal shall not be set aside unless notice of such application has been served on the defendant.

Order XXVI (R, 1-18).

Commissions

Commissions to Examine Witnesses

1. Cases in which Court may issue commission to examine witness—Any Court may in any suit issue a commission for the examination on interrogatories or otherwise of any person resident within the local limits of its jurisdiction who is exempted under this Code from attending the Court or who is from sickness or infirmity unable to attend it:

[Provided that a commission for examination on interrogatories shall not be issued unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, thinks it necessary so to do.

Explanation.—The Court may, for the purpose of this rule, accept a certificate purporting to be signed by a registered medical practitioner as evidence of the sickness or infirmity of any person, without calling the medical practitioner as a witness.]

2. Order for commission—An order for the issue of a commission for the examination of a witness may be made by the Court either of its own motion or on the application supported by affidavit or otherwise, of any party to the suit or of the witness to be examined.
3. Where witness resides within Court's jurisdiction—A commission for the examination of a person who resides within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court issuing the same may be issued to any person whom the Court thinks fit to execute it.
4. Person for whose examination commission may issue—(1) Any Court may in any suit issue a commission [for the examination on interrogatories or otherwise of] ,-

(a) any person resident beyond the local limits of its jurisdiction;

(b) any person who is about to leave such limits before the date on which he is required to be examined in Court; and

(c) any civil or military officer of the Government who cannot, in the opinion of the Court, attend without detriment to the public service:

[Provided that where, under rule 19 of Order XVI, a person cannot be ordered to attend a Court in person, a Commission shall be issued for his examination if his evidence is considered necessary in the interests of justice:

Provided further that a commission for examination of such person on interrogatories shall not be issued unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, thinks it necessary so to do.]

(2) Such commission may be issued to any Court, within the local limits of whose jurisdiction such person resides, or to any pleader or other person whom the Court issuing the commission may appoint.

(3) The Court on issuing any commission under this rule shall direct whether the commission shall be returned to itself or to any subordinate Court.

[4A. Commission for examination of any person resident within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the court—Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, any court may, in the interest of justice or for the expeditious disposal of the case or for any other reasons, issue commission in any suit for the examination, on interrogatories or otherwise, of any person resident within the local limits of its jurisdiction, and the evidence so recorded shall be read in evidence.]

5. Commission or request to examine witness not within the State—Where any Court to which application is made for the issue of a commission for examination of a person residing at any place not within the State is satisfied that the evidence of such person is necessary, the Court may issue such commission or a letter of request.
6. Court to examine witness pursuant to commission—Every Court receiving a commission for the examination of any person shall examine him or cause him to be examined pursuant thereto.
7. Return of commission with depositions of witnesses—Where a commission has been duly executed, it shall be returned, together with the evidence taken under it, to the Court from which it was issued unless the order for issuing the commission has otherwise directed, in which case the commission shall be returned in terms of such order; and the commission and the return thereto and the evidence taken under it shall [subject to the provisions of the rule 8] form part of the record of the suit.
8. When depositions may be read in evidence—Evidence taken under a commission shall not be read as evidence in the suit without the consent of the party against whom the same is offered, unless

(a) the person who gave the evidence is beyond the jurisdiction of the Court, or dead or unable from sickness or infirmity to attend to be personally examined, or exempted from personal appearance in Court, or is a civil or military officer of the Government who cannot, in the opinion of the Court, attend without detriment to the public service, or

(b) the Court in its discretion dispenses with the proof of any of the circumstances mentioned in clause (a), and authorizes the evidence of any person being read as evidence in the suit, notwithstanding proof that the cause for taking such evidence by commission had ceased at the time of reading the same.

Commissions for Local Investigation

9. Commissions to make local investigations—In any suit in which the Court deems a local investigation to be requisite or proper for the purpose of elucidation any matter in dispute, or of ascertaining the market value of any property, or the amount of any mesne profits or damages or annual net profits, the Court may issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit directing him to make such investigation and to report thereon to the Court:

Provided that, where [the Government] has made rules as to the persons to whom such commission shall be issued, the Court shall be bound by such rules.

10. Procedure of Commissioner—(1) The Commissioner, after such local inspection as he deems necessary and after reducing to writing evidence taken by him, shall return such evidence, together with his report in writing signed by him to the Court.

Report and depositions to be evidence in suit—Commissioner may be examined in person. (2) The report of the Commissioner and the evidence taken by him (but not the evidence without the report) shall be evidence in the suit and shall form part of the record but the Court or, with the permission of the Court, any of the parties to the suit may examine the Commissioner personally in open Court touching any of the matters referred to him or mentioned in his report , or as to his report, or as to the manner in which he has made the investigation.

(3) Where the Court is for any reason dissatisfied with the proceedings of the Commissioner, it may direct such further inquiry to be made as it shall think fit.

[Commissions for Scientific Investigation, Performance of Ministerial Act and Sale of Movable Property

10-A. Commission for scientific investigation—(1) Where any question arising in a suit involves any scientific investigation which cannot, in the opinion of the Court, be conveniently conducted before the Court, the Court may, if it thinks it necessary or expedient in the interest of justice so to do, issue a commission to such persons as it thinks fit, directing him to inquire into such question and report thereon to the Court.

(2) The provisions of rule 10 of this Order shall, as far as may be, apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under this rule as they apply in relation to Commissioner appointed under rule 9.

10-B. Commission for performance of a ministerial act—(1) Where any question arising in a suit involves the performance of any ministerial act which cannot, in the opinion of the Court be conveniently performed before the Court, the Court may, if, for reasons to be recorded, it is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient in the interests of justice so to do, issue a commission to such person as thinks fit, directing him to perform that ministerial act and report thereon to the Court.

(2) The provisions of rule 10 of this Order shall apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under this rule as they apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under rule 9.

10-C. Commission for the sale of movable property—(1) Where, in any suit, it becomes necessary to sell any movable property which is in the custody of the Court pending the determination of the suit and which cannot be conveniently preserved, the Court may, if, for reasons to be recorded, it is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient in the interests of justice so to do, issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit, directing him, to conduct such sale and report thereon to the Court.

(2) The provisions of rule 10 of this Order shall apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under this rule as they apply in relation to a Commissioner appointed under rule 9.

(3) Every such sale shall be held, as far as may be, in accordance with the procedure prescribed for the sale of movable property in execution of a decree.]

Commissions to Examine Accounts

11. Commission to examine or adjust accounts—In any suit in which an examination or adjustment of accounts is necessary, the Court may issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit directing him to make such examination or adjustment.
12. Court to give Commissioner necessary instructions—(1) The Court shall furnish the Commissioner with such part of the proceedings and such instructions as appear necessary, and the instructions shall distinctly specify whether the Commissioner is merely to transmit the proceedings which he may hold on the inquiry, or also to report his own opinion on the point referred for his examination.

Proceedings and report to be evidence. Court may direct further inquiry.—(2) The proceedings and report (if any) of the Commissioner shall be evidence in the suit, but where the Court has reason to be dissatisfied with them, it may direct such further inquiry as it shall think fit.

Commissions to Make Partitions

13. Commission to make partition of immovable property—Where a preliminary decree for partition has been passed, the Court may, in any case not provided for by section 54, issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit to make the partition or separation according to the rights as declared in such decree.
14. Procedure of Commissioner—(1) The Commissioner shall, after such inquiry as may be necessary, divide the property into as many shares as may be directed by the order under which the commission was issued, and shall allot such shares to the parties, and may, if authorised thereto by the said order, award sums to be paid for the purpose of equalizing the value of the shares.

(2) The Commissioner shall then prepare and sign a report or the Commissioners (where the commission was issued to more than one person and they cannot agree) shall prepare and sign separate reports appointing the share of each party and distinguishing each share (if so directed by the said order ) by meets and bounds. Such report or reports shall be annexed to the commission and transmitted to the Court; and the Court, after hearing, any objection which the parties may make to the report or reports, shall confirm, vary or set aside the same.

(3) Where the Court confirms or varies the report or reports it shall pass a decree in accordance with the same as confirmed or varied; but where the Court sets aside the report or reports it shall either issue a new commission or make such other order as it shall think fit.

General Provisions

15. Expenses of commission to be paid into Court—Before issuing any commission under this Order, the Court may order such sum (if any) as it thinks reasonable for the expenses of the commission to be, within a time to be fixed, paid into Court by the party at whose instance or for whose benefit the commission is issued.
16. Powers of Commissioners—Any Commissioner appointed under this Order may, unless otherwise directed by the order of appointment,

(a) examine the parties themselves and any witness whom they or any of them may produce, and any other person whom the Commissioner thinks proper to call upon to give evidence in the matter referred to him;

(b) call for and examine documents and other things relevant to the subject of inquiry;

(c) at any reasonable time enter upon or into any land or building mentioned in the order.

[16-A. Questions objected to before the Commissioner—(1) Where any question put to a witness is objected to by a party or, his pleader in proceedings before a Commissioner appointed under this Order, the Commissioner shall take down the question, the answer, the objections and the name of the party or, as the case may be, the pleader so objecting:

Provided that the Commissioner shall not take down the answer to a question which is objected to on the ground of privilege but may continue with the examination of the witness, leaving the party to get the question of privilege decided by the Court, and, where the Court decides that there is no question of privilege, the witness be recalled by the Commissioner and examined by him or the witness may be examined by the Court with regard to the question which was objected to on the ground of privilege.

(2) No answer taken down under sub-rule (1) shall be read as evidence in the suit except by the order of the Court.]

17. Attendance and examination of witnesses before Commissioner—(1) The provisions of this Code relating to the summoning, attendance and examination of witnesses, and to the remuneration of, and penalties to be imposed upon, witnesses, shall apply to persons required to give evidence or to produce documents under this Order whether the commission in execution of which they are required has been issued by a Court situate within or by a Court situate beyond the limits of the State, and for the purposes of this rule the Commissioner shall be deemed to be a Civil Court:

[Provided that when the Commissioner is not a judge of a Civil Court, he shall not be competent to impose penalties; but such penalties may be imposed on the application of such Commissioner by the Court by which the commission was issued.]

(2) A Commissioner may apply to any Court within the local limits of whose jurisdiction a witness resides for the issue of any process which he may find it necessary to issue to or against such witness, and such Court may, in its discretion, issue such process as it considers reasonable and proper.

18. Parties to appear before Commissioner—(1) Where a commission is issued under this Order, the Court shall direct that the parties to the suit shall appear before the Commissioner in person or by their agents or pleaders.

(2) Where all or any of the parties do not so appear, the Commissioner may proceed in their absence.

[18-A. Application of Order to execution proceedingsThe provisions of this Order shall apply, so far as maybe, to proceedings in execution of a decree or order.

18-B. Court to fix a time for return of commission—The Court issuing a commission shall, fix a date on or before which the commission shall be returned to it after execution, and the date so fixed shall not be extended except where the Court, for reasons to be recorded, is satisfied that there is sufficient cause for extending the date.]

Order XXVII (R, 1-8).

Suits by or Against the Government or Public Officers in their Official Capacity

1. Suits by or against Government—In any suit by or against [the Government], the plaint or written statement shall be signed by such person as the Government may, by general or special order, appoint in this behalf, and shall be verified by any person whom the Government may so appoint and who is acquainted with the facts of the case.
2. Persons authorised to act for Government—Persons being ex-officio or otherwise authorised to act for the Government in respect of any judicial proceeding shall be deemed to be the recognized agents by whom appearances, acts and applications under this Code may be made or done on behalf of the Government.
3. Plaints in suits by or against Government—In suits by or against [the Government], instead of inserting in the plaint the name and description and place of residence of the plaintiff or defendant, it shall be sufficient to insert the words [the State of Jammu and Kashmir].
4. Agent for Government to receive process—The Government pleader in any Court, or such other person as [the Government] may for any Court appoint in this behalf, shall be the agent of the Government for the purpose of receiving process against [the Government], issued by such Court.
5. Fixing of day for appearance on behalf of Government—The Court, in fixing the day for [the Government] to answer to the plaint, shall allow reasonable time for the necessary communication with the Government through the proper channel, and for the issue of instructions to the Government pleader to appear and answer on behalf of [the Government] [xxx] and may extend the time at its discretion [but the time so extended shall not exceed two months in the aggregate.]

[5-A. Government to be joined as party in a suit against a public officer—Where a suit is instituted against a public officer for damages or other relief in respect of any act alleged to have been done by him in his official capacity, the Government shall be joined as a party to the suit.

5-B. Duty of Court in suits against the Government or a public officer to assist in arriving of a settlement—(1) In every suit or proceeding to which the Government or a public officer acting in his official capacity, is a party, it shall be the duty of the Court to make, in the first instance, every endeavour, where it is possible to do so consistently with the nature and circumstances of the case, to assist the parties in arriving at a settlement in respect of the subject-matter of the suit.

(2) If, in any such suit or proceeding, at any stage, it appears to the Court that there is a reasonable possibility of a settlement between the parties, the Court may adjourn the proceeding for such period as it thinks fit, to enable attempts to be made to effect such a settlement.

(3) The power conferred under sub-rule (2) is in addition to any other power of the Court to adjourn proceedings.]

6. Attendance of person able to answer questions relating to suit against Government—The Court may also in any case in which the Government pleader is not accompanied by any person on the part of [the Government], who may be able to answer any material questions relating to the suit, direct the attendance of such a person.
7. Extension of time to enable public officer to make reference to Government—(1) Where the defendant is a public officer and, on receiving the summons, considers it proper to make a reference to the Government before answering the plaint, he may apply to the Court to grant such extension of the time fixed in the summons as may be necessary to enable him to make such reference and to receive orders thereon through the proper channel.

(2) Upon such application the Court shall extend the time for so long as appears to it to be necessary.

8. Procedure in suits against public officer—(1) Where Government undertakes the defence of a suit against a public officer, the Government pleader, upon being furnished with authority to appear and answer the plaint, shall apply to the Court, and upon such application the Court shall cause a note of his authority to be entered in the register of civil suits.

(2) Where no application under sub-rule (1) is made by the Government pleader on or before the day fixed in the notice for the defendant to appear and answer, the case shall proceed as in a suit between private parties: Provided that the defendant shall not be liable to arrest, nor his property to attachment, otherwise than in execution of a decree.

[Order XXVII-A] (R, 1-6).

Suits Involving a Substantial Question of Law as to the Interpretation of the Constitution of India or the Constitution of J&K as to the Validity of any Statutory Instrument

1. Notice to the Attorney General or the Advocate General—In any suit in which it appears to the Court that any such question as is referred to in clause (1) of Article 132 read with Article 147 of the Constitution of India or in section 105 of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir, is involved, the Court shall not proceed to determine that question until after notice has been given to the Attorney General for India if the question of law concerns the Central Government, and to the Advocate General of the State if the question of law concerns the State Government.
2. Procedure in suits involving validity of any statutory instrument—In any suit in which it appears to the Court that any question as to the validity of any statutory instrument, not being a question of the nature mentioned in rule 1, is involved the Court shall not proceed to determine that question except after giving notice:-

(a) to the Government pleader, if the question concerns the Government, or

(b) to the authority which issued the statutory instrument, if the question concerns an authority other than Government.

3. Court may add Government as party—The Court may at any stage of the proceedings order that the Central Government or the State Government shall be added as a defendant in any suit involving any such question as is referred to in clause (1) of article 132, read with Article 147 of the Constitution of India or the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir if the Attorney General for India or the Advocate General, as the case may be, whether upon receipt of notice under rule 1, or otherwise, applies for such addition and the Court is satisfied that such addition is necessary or desirable for the satisfactory determination of the question of law involved.
4. Power of court to add Government or other authority as a defendant in a suit relating to validity of any statutory instrument—The Court may, at any stage of the proceedings in any suit involving any such question as is referred to in rule 2, order that the Government or other authority shall be added as a defendant if the Government pleader or the pleader appearing, in the case for the authority which issued the instrument, as the case may be, whether upon such receipt of notice under rule 2, or otherwise, applies for such addition and the Court is satisfied that such addition is necessary or desirable for the satisfactory determination of the question.
5. Costs—Where, under rule 3 or rule 4, the Government or any other authority is added as a defendant in a suit, the Attorney General, Advocate General or Government pleader or Government or other authority shall not be entitled to, or liable for costs in the Court which ordered the addition unless the Court, having regard to all the circumstances of the case for any special reason, otherwise orders.
6. Application of Order to appeal—In the application of this Order to appeals, the word "defendant" shall be construed to include a respondent and the word "suit", an appeal.

Explanation.— In this Order "statutory instrument" means a rule, notification, .)y law, order, scheme or form made or specified under any enactment.]

Order XXVIII (R, 1-3)

Suits by or against Military Men

1. Officers or soldiers who cannot obtain leave may authorise any person to sue or defend for them—(1) Where any officer or soldier actually serving the Government in a military capacity is a party to a suit, and cannot obtain leave of absence for the purpose of prosecuting or defending the suit in person, he may authorise any person to sue or defend in his stand.

(2) The authority shall be in writing and shall be signed by the officer or soldier in the presence of (a) his commanding officer, or the next subordinate officer, if the party is himself the commanding officer, or (b) where the officer or soldier is serving in military staff employment, the head or other superior officer of the office in which he is employed. Such commanding or other officer shall countersign the authority, which shall be filed in Court.

(3) When so filed the countersignature shall be sufficient proof that the authority was duly executed, and that the officer or soldier by whom it was granted could not obtain leave of absence for the purpose of prosecuting or defending the suit in person.

Explanation.— In this Order the expression "commanding officer" means the officer in actual command for the time being of any regiment, corps, detachment or depot to which the officer or soldier belongs.

2. Person so authorised may act personally or appoint pleader—Any person authorised by an officer or a soldier to prosecute or defend a suit in his stead may prosecute or defend it in person in the same manner as the officer or soldier could do if present; or he may appoint a pleader to prosecute or defend the suit on behalf of such officer or soldier.
3. Service on person so authorised, or on his pleader, to be good service—Processes served upon any person authorised by an officer or a soldier under rule 1 or upon any pleader appointed as aforesaid by such person shall be as effectual as if they had been served on the party in person.

Order XXIX (R, 1-3)

Suits by or against Corporations

1. Subscription and verification of pleading—In suits by or against a corporation, any pleading may be signed and verified on behalf of the corporation by the secretary or by any director or other principal officer of the corporation who is able to depose to the facts of the case.
2. Service on corporation—Subject to any statutory provision regulating service of process, where the suit is against a corporation, the summons may be served

(a) on the secretary, or on any director, or other principal officer of the corporation, or

(b) by leaving it or sending it by post addressed to the corporation at the registered office, or if there is no registered office then at the place where the corporation carries on business.

3. Power to require personal attendance of officer of corporation—The Court may, at any stage of the suit, require the personal appearance of the secretary or of any director, or other principal officer of the corporation who may be able to answer material question relating to the suit.

Order XXX (R, 1-10).

Suits by or Against Firms and Persons Carrying on Business in Names other than their Own

1. Suing of partners in name of firm—(1) Any two or more persons claiming or being liable as partners and carrying on business in the State may sue or be sued in the name of the firm (if any) of which such persons were partners at the time of the accruing of the cause of action, and any party to a suit may in such case apply to the Court for a statement of the names and addresses of the persons who were, at the time of the accruing of the cause of action, partners in such firms, to be furnished and verified in such manner as the Court, may direct.

(2) Where persons sue or are sued as partners in the name of their firm under sub-rule (1), it shall, in the case of any pleading or other document required by or under this Code to be signed, verified or certified by the plaintiff or the defendant, suffice if such pleading or other document is signed, verified or certified by any one of such persons.

2. Disclosure of partners' names—(1) Where a suit is instituted by partners in the name of their firm, the plaintiffs or their pleader shall, on demand in writing by or on behalf of any defendant, forthwith declare in writing the names and places of residence of all the persons constituting the firm on whose behalf the suit is instituted.

(2) Where the plaintiffs or their pleader fail to comply with any demand made under sub-rule (1), all proceedings in the suit may, upon an application for that purpose, be stayed upon such terms as the Court may direct.

(3) Where the names of the partners are declared in the manner referred to in sub-rule (1), the suit shall proceed in the same manner, and the same consequences in all respects shall follow, as if they had been named as plaintiffs in the plaint:

[Provided that all proceedings shall nevertheless continue in the name of the firm, but the name of the partners disclosed in the manner specified in sub-rule (1) shall be entered in the decree].

3. Service—Where persons are sued as partners in the name of their firm, the summons shall be served either

(a) upon any one or more of the partners, or

(b) at the principal place at which the partnership business is carried on within the State upon any person having at the time of service, the control or management of the partnership business there, as the Court may direct;

and such service shall be deemed good service upon the firm so sued, whether all or any of the partners are within or without the State:

Provided that, in the case of a partnership, which has been dissolved to the knowledge of the plaintiff before the institution of the suit, the summons shall be served upon every person within the State whom it is sought to make liable.

4. Right of suit on death of partner—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 45 of the Contract Act, 1977, where two or more persons may sue or be sued in the name of a firm under the foregoing provisions and any of such persons dies, whether before the institution or during the pendency of any suit, it shall not be necessary to join the legal representative of the deceased as a party to the suit.

(2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall limit or otherwise affect any right which the legal representative of the deceased may have

(a) to apply to be made a party to the suit, or

(b) to enforce any claim against the survivor or survivors.

5. Notice in what capacity served—Where a summons is issued to a firm and is served in the manner provided by rule 3, every person upon whom it is served shall be informed by notice in writing given at the time of such service, whether he is served as a partner or as a person having the control or management of the partnership business, or in both characters, and, in default of such notice, the person served shall be deemed to be served as a partner.
6. Appearance of partners—Where persons are sued as partners in the name of their firm, they shall appear individually in their own names, but all subsequent proceedings shall, nevertheless, continue in the name of the firm.
7. No appearance except by partners—Where a summons is served in the manner provided by rule 3 upon a person having the control or management of the partnership business, no appearance by him shall be necessary unless he is partner of the firm sued.

[8. Appearance under protest—(1) Any person served with summons as a partner under rule 3 may enter an appearance under protest, denying that he was a partner at any material time.

(2) On such appearance being made, either the plaintiff or the person entering the appearance may, at any time before the date fixed for hearing and final disposal of the suit, apply to the Court for determining whether that person was a partner of the firm and liable as such.

(3) If, on such application, the Court holds that he was a partner at the material time, that shall not preclude the person from filing a defence denying in the liability of the firm in respect of the claim against the defendant.

(4) If the Court, however, holds that such person was not a partner of the firm and was not liable as such, that shall not preclude the plaintiff from otherwise serving a summons on the firm and proceeding with the suit; but in that event, the plaintiff shall be precluded from alleging the liability of that person as a partner of the firm in execution of any decree that may be passed against the firm].

9. Suits between co-partners—This Order shall apply to suits between a firm and one or more of the partners therein and to suits between firms having one or more partners in common; but no execution shall be issued in such suits except by leave of the Court, and on an application for leave to issue such execution, all such accounts and inquiries may be directed to be taken and made and directions given as may be just.

[10. Suit against person carrying on business in name other than his own—Any person carrying on business in a name or style other than his own name, or a Hindu undivided family carrying on business under any name, may be sued in such name or style as if it were a firm name, and, in so far as the nature of such case, permits, all rules under this order shall apply accordingly.]

Order XXXI (R, 1-3).

Suits by or against Trustees, Executors and Administrators

1. Representation of beneficiaries in suits concerning property vested in trustees, etc—In all suits concerning property vested in a trustee, executor or administrator, where the contention is between the persons beneficially interested in such property and a third person, the trustee, executor, or administrator shall represent the persons so interested, and it shall not ordinarily be necessary to make them parties to the suit. But the Court may, if it thinks fit, order them or any of them to be made parties.
2. Joinder of trustees, executors and administrators—Where there are several trustees, executors or administrators, they shall all be made parties to a suit against one or more of them:

Provided that the executors who have not proved their testator' will, and trustees, executors and administrators outside the State, need not be made parties.

3. Husband of married executrix not to join—Unless the Court directs otherwise, the husband of a married trustee, administrative or executrix shall not as such be a party to suit by or against her.

Order XXXII (R, 1.16)

Suits by or Against Minors and Persons of Unsound Mind

1. Minor to sue by next friend—Every suit by a minor shall be instituted in his name by a person who in such suit shall be called the next friend of the minor.

[Explanation.— In this Order, "minor" means a person who has not attained his majority within the meaning of section 3 of the Majority Act, Samvat 1977, where the suit relates to any of the matters mentioned in clauses (a) and (b) of section 2 of that Act or to any other matter.]

2. Where suit is instituted without next friend plaint to be taken off the file—(1) Where suit is instituted by or on behalf of a minor without a next friend, the defendant may apply to have the plaint taken off the file, with costs to be paid by the pleader or other person by whom it was presented.

(2) Notice of such application shall be given to such persons, and the Court, after hearing his objections (if any), may make such order in the matter as it thinks fit.

[2-A. Security to be furnished by next friend when so ordered—(1) Where a suit has been instituted on behalf of the minor by his next friend, the Court may, at any stage of the suit, either of its own motion or on the application of any defendant, and for reasons to be recorded, order the next friend to give security for the payment of all costs incurred or likely to be incurred by the defendant.

(2) Where such a suit is instituted by an indigent person, the security shall include the Court-fees payable to the Government.

(3) The provisions of rule 2 of Order XXV shall, so far as may be, apply to a suit where the Court makes an order under this rule directing security to be furnished.]

3. Guardian for the suit to be appointed by Court for minor defendant—(1) Where the defendant is a minor, the Court, on being satisfied of the fact of his minority, shall appoint a proper person to be guardian for the suit for such minor.

(2) An order for the appointment of a guardian for the suit may be obtained upon application in the name and on behalf of the minor or by the plaintiff.

(3) Such application shall be supported by an affidavit verifying the fact that the proposed guardian has no interest in the matters in controversy in the suit adverse to that of the minor and that he is a fit person to be so appointed.

(4) No order shall be made on any application under this rule except upon notice [x x x] to any guardian of the minor appointed or declared by an authority competent in that behalf, or, where there is no such guardian;

[upon notice to the father or where there is no father, to the mother, or where there is no father or mother, to other natural guardian,] of the minor, or, where there is no father, mother or other natural guardian, to the person in whose care the minor is, and after hearing any objection which may be urged on behalf of any person served with notice under this sub-rule.

[(4-A). The Court may, in any case, if it thinks fit, issue notice under sub-rule (4) to the minor also.

[(5) A person appointed under sub-rule (1) to be guardian for the suit for a minor shall, unless his appointment is terminated by retirement, removal or death, continue as such throughout all proceedings arising out of the suit including proceedings in any appellate or revisional Court and any proceeding in the execution of a decree.]

[3-A. Decree against minor not to be set aside unless prejudice has been caused to his interest—(1) No decree passed against a minor shall be set aside merely on the ground that the next friend or guardian for the suit of the minor had an interest in the subject matter of the suit adverse to that of the minor, but the fact that by reason of such adverse interest of the next friend or guardian for the suit, prejudice has been caused to the interests of the minor shall be a ground for setting aside the decree.

(2) Nothing in this rule shall preclude the minor from obtaining any relief available under any law by reason of the misconduct or gross negligence on the part of the next friend or guardian for the suit resulting in prejudice to the interests of the minor.]

4. Who may act as next friend or be appointed guardian for the suit—(1) Any person who is of sound mind and has attained majority may act as next friend of a minor or as his guardian for the suit:

Provided that the interest of such person is not adverse to that of the minor and that he is not, in the case of a next friend, a defendant, or, in the case of a guardian for the suit, a plaintiff.

(2) Where a minor has a guardian appointed or declared by competent authority, no person other than such guardian shall act as the next friend of the minor or be appointed his guardian for the suit unless the Court considers for reasons to be recorded that it is for the minor 's welfare that another person be permitted to act or be appointed as the case may be.

(3) No person shall without his consent [in writing] be appointed guardian for the suit.

(4) Where there is no other person fit and willing to act as guardian for the suit, the Court may appoint any of its officers to be such guardian and may direct that the costs to be incurred by such officer in the performance of his duties as such guardian shall be borne either by the parties or by any one of more of the parties to the suit, or out of any fund in Court in which the minor is interested,[or out of the property of the minor] and may give directions for the repayment or allowance of such costs as justice and the circumstances of the case may require.

5. Representation of minor by next friend or guardian for the suit—(1) Every application to the Court on behalf of a minor, other than an application under rule 10, sub-rule (2), shall be made by his next friend or by his guardian for the suit.

(2) Every order made in a suit or on any application, before the Court in or by which a minor is in any way concerned or affected without such minor being represented by a next friend or guardian for the suit, as the case may be, may be discharged, and, where the pleader of the party at whose instance such order was obtained knew, or might reasonably have known, the fact of such minority with costs to be paid by such pleader.

6. Receipt by next friend or guardian for the suit of property under decree for minor—(1) A next friend or guardian for the suit shall not, without the leave of the Court, receive any money or other movable property on behalf of a minor either

(a) by way of compromise before decree or order, or

(b) under a decree or order in favour of the minor.

(2) Where the next friend or guardian for the suit has not been appointed or declared by competent authority to be guardian of the property of the minor, or having been so appointed or declared, is under any disability known to the Court to receive the money or other movable property, the Court shall, if it grants him leave to receive the property, require such security and give such directions as will, in its opinion, sufficiently protect the property from waste and ensure its proper application:

[Provided that the Court may, for reasons to be recorded, dispense with such security while granting leave to the next friend or guardian for the suit to receive money or other movable property under a decree or order, where such next friend or guardian-

(a) is the manager of a Hindu undivided family and the decree or order relates to the property or business of the family; or

(b) is the parent of the minor.]

7. Agreement of compromise by next friend or guardian for the suit—(1) No next friend or guardian for the suit shall, without the leave of the Court, expressly recorded in the proceedings, enter into any agreement or compromise on behalf of a minor with reference to the suit in which he acts as next friend or guardian.

[(1-A.) An application for leave under sub-rule (1) shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the next friend or the guardian for the suit, as the case may be, and also, if the minor is represented by a pleader, by the certificate of the pleader, to the effect that the agreement or compromise proposed is, in his opinion, for the benefit of the minor:

Provided that the opinion so expressed, whether in the affidavit or in the certificate shall not preclude the Court from examining whether the agreement or compromise proposed is for the benefit of the minor.]

(2) Any such agreement or compromise entered into without the leave of the Court so recorded shall be voidable against all parties other than the minor.

8. Retirement of next friend—(1) Unless otherwise ordered by the Court, a next friend shall not retire without first procuring a fit person to be put in his place and giving security for the costs already incurred.

(2) The application for the appointment of a new next friend shall be supported by an affidavit showing the fitness of the person proposed, and also that he has no interest adverse to that of the minor.

9. Removal of next friend—(1) Where the interest of the next friend of a minor is adverse to that of the minor or where he is so connected with a defendant whose interest is adverse to that of the minor as to make it unlikely that the minor's interest will be properly protected by him, or where he does not do his duty, or, during the pendency of the suit, ceases to reside within the State or for any other sufficient cause, application may be made on behalf of the minor or by r. defendant for his removal; and the Court, if satisfied of the sufficiency of the cause assigned, may order the next friend to be removed accordingly, and make such other order as to costs as it thinks fit.

(2) Where the next friend is not a guardian appointed or declared by an authority competent in this behalf, and an application is made by a guardian so appointed or declared, who desires to be himself appointed in the place of the next friend, the Court shall remove the next friend unless it considers, for reasons to be recorded by it, that the guardian ought not to be appointed the next friend of the minor, and shall thereupon appoint the applicant to be next friend in his place upon such terms as to the costs already incurred in the suit as it thinks fit.

10. Stay of proceedings on removal, etc, of next friend—(1) On the retirement, removal or death of the next friend of a minor, further proceedings shall be stayed until the appointment of a next friend in his place.

(2) Where the pleader of such minor omits, within a reasonable time, to take steps to get a new next friend appointed, any person interested in the minor or in the matter in issue may apply to the Court for the appointment of one, and the Court may appoint such person as it thinks fit.

11. Retirement, removal or death of guardian for the suit—(1) Where the guardian for the suit desires to retire or does not do his duty, or where other sufficient ground is made to appear, the Court may permit such guardian to retire or may remove him, and may make such order as to costs as it thinks fit.

(2) Where the guardian of the suit retires, dies or is removed by the Court during the pendency of the suit, the Court shall appoint a new guardian in his place.

12. Course to be followed by minor plaintiff or applicant on attaining majority—(1) A minor plaintiff or a minor not a party to a suit on whose behalf an application is pending shall, on attaining majority, elect whether he will proceed with the suit or application.

(2) Where he elects to proceed with the suit or application, he shall apply for an order discharging the next friend and for leave to proceed in his own name.

(3) The title of the suit or application shall in such case be corrected so as to read henceforth thus:

"A.B., late a minor, by C.D., his next friend, but now having attained majority."

(4) Where he elects to abandon the suit or application, he shall, if a sole plaintiff or sole applicant, apply for an order to dismiss the suit or application on re-payment of the costs incurred by the defendant or opposite party or which may have been paid by his next friend.

(5) Any application under this rule may be made ex parte but no order discharging a next friend and permitting a minor plaintiff to proceed in his own name shall be made without notice to the next friend.

13. Where minor co-plaintiff attaining majority desires to repudiate suit—(1) Where a minor co-plaintiff on attaining the majority desires to repudiate the suit, he shall apply to have his name struck out as co-plaintiff; and the Court, if it finds that he is not a necessary party, shall dismiss him from the suit on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit.

(2) Notice of the application shall be served on the next friend, on any co-plaintiff and on the defendant.

(3) The costs of all parties of such application, and of all or any proceedings theretofore had in the suit, shall be paid by such persons as the Court directs.

(4) Where the applicant is a necessary party to the suit, the Court may direct him to be made a defendant.

14. Unreasonable or improper suit—(1) A minor on attaining majority may, if a sole plaintiff, apply that a suit instituted in his name by his next friend be dismissed on the ground that it was unreasonable or improper.

(2) Notice of the application shall be served on all the parties concerned; and the Court, upon being satisfied of such unreasonableness or impropriety, may grant the application and order the next friend to pay the costs of all parties in respect of the application and of anything done in the suit, or make such other order as it thinks fit.

[15. Rules 1 to 14 (except rule 2A) to apply to persons of unsound mind—Rules 1 to 14 (except rule 2A) shall, so far as may be, apply to persons adjudged, before or during the pendency of the suit, to be of unsound mind and shall also apply to persons who, though not so adjudged, are found by the Court on enquiry to be incapable, by reasons of any mental infirmity, of protecting their interest when suing or being sued.]

[16. Savings—(1) Nothing contained in this Order shall apply to the Ruler of a foreign State suing or being sued in the name of his State, or being sued by the direction of the Government in the name of an agent or in any other name.

(2) Nothing contained in this Order shall be construed as affecting or in any way derogating from the provisions of any local law for the time being in force relating to suits by or against minors or by or against lunatics or other persons of unsound mind.]

[Order XXXII-A] (R, 1-6).

Suits Relating to Matters Concerning the Family

1.—(1) The provisions of this Order shall apply to suits or proceedings relating to matters concerning the family.

(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-rule (1), the provisions of this Order shall apply to the following suits or proceedings concerning the family, namely:

(a) a suit or proceeding for matrimonial relief, including a suit or proceeding for declaration as to the validity of a marriage or as to the matrimonial status of any person;

(b) a suit or proceeding for a declaration as to the legitimacy of any person;

(c) a suit or proceeding in relation to the guardianship of the person or the custody of any minor or other member of the family, under a disability;

(d) a suit or proceeding for maintenance;

(e) a suit or proceeding as to the validity or effect of an adoption;

(f) a suit or proceeding, instituted by a member of the family, relating to wills, intestacy and succession;

(g) a suit or proceeding relating to any other matter concerning the family in respect of which the parties are subject to their personal law.

(3) So much of this Order as relates to a matter provided for by a special law in respect of any suit or proceeding shall not apply to that suit or proceeding.

2. Proceedings to be held in camera—In every suit or proceeding to which this Order applies the proceedings may be held in camera if the Court so desires and shall be so held if either party so desires.
3. Duty of Court to make efforts for settlement—(1) In every suit or proceeding to which this Order applies, an endeavour shall be made by the Court in the first instance, where it is possible to do so consistent with the nature and circumstances of the case, to assist the parties in arriving at a settlement in respect of the subject-matter of the suit.

(2) If, in any such suit or proceeding, at any stage it appears to the Court that there is a reasonable possibility of a settlement between the parties, the Court may adjourn the proceeding for such period as it thinks fit to enable attempts to be made to effect such a settlement.

(3) The power conferred by sub-rule (2) shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, any other power of the Court to adjourn the proceedings.

4. Assistance of Welfare Expert—In every suit or proceeding to which this Order applies, it shall be open to the Court to secure the services of such person (preferably a woman where available), whether related to the parties or not, including a person professionally engaged in promoting the welfare of the family as the Court may think fit, for the purpose of assisting the Court in discharging the functions imposed by rule 3 of this Order.
5. Duty to inquire into facts—In every suit or proceeding to which this Order applies, it shall be the duty of the Court, to inquire, so far it reasonably can, into the facts alleged by the plaintiff and into any facts alleged by the defendant.
6. "Family" meaning of—For the purpose of this Order, each of the following shall be treated as constituting a family, namely:

(a) (i) a man and his wife living together;

(ii) any child or children, being issue of theirs; or of such man or such wife;

(iii) any child or children being maintained by such man and wife;

(b) a man not having a wife or not living together with his wife, any child or children, being issue of his, and any child or children being maintained by him;

(c) a woman not having a husband or living together with her husband, any child or children being issue of hers, and any child or children being maintained by her;

(d) a man or woman and his or her brother, sister, ancestor or lineal descendant living with him or her; and

(e) any combination of one or more of the groups specified in clause (a),clause (b), Clause (c) or clause (d) of this rule.

Explanation. — For the avoidance of doubts, it is hereby declared that the provisions of rule 6 shall be without any prejudice to the concept of "family" in any personal law or in any other law for the time being in force.]

Order XXXIII (R, 1-18).

[Suits by Indigent Persons]

1. Suits may be instituted in forma pauperis— Subject to the following provisions, any suit may be instituted by [indigent person].

[Explanation I—A person is an indigent person.

(a) if he is not possessed of sufficient means (other than property exempt from attachment in execution of a decree and the subject matter of the suit) to enable him to pay the fee prescribed by law for the plaint in such suit, or

(b) Where no such fee is prescribed, if he is not entitled to property worth one thousand rupees other than the property exempt from attachment in execution of a decree, and the subject matter of the suit.

Explanation II.—Any property which is acquired by a person after the presentation of his application for permission to sue as an indigent person, and before the decision of the application, shall be taken into account in considering the question whether or not the applicant is an indigent person.

Explanation III.—Where the plaintiff sues in a representative capacity, the question whether he is an indigent person shall be determined with reference to the means possessed by him in such capacity.]

[1-A. Inquiry into the means of an indigent person—Every inquiry into the question whether or not a person is an indigent person shall be made in the first instance, by the chief ministerial officer of the Court, unless the Court, otherwise directs, and the Court may adopt the report of such officer as its own finding or may itself make an inquiry into the question.].

2. Contents of application—Every application for permission to sue as [an indigent person] shall contain the particulars required in regard to plaints in suits; a schedule of any movable or immovable property belonging to the applicant, with the estimated value thereof, shall be annexed thereto; and it shall be signed and verified in the manner prescribed for the signing and verification of pleadings.
3. Presentation of application—Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, the application shall be presented to the Court by the applicant in person, unless he is exempted from appearing in Court, in which case the application may be presented by an authorised agent who can answer all material questions relating to the application, and who may be examined in the same manner as the party represented by him might have been examined had such party attended in person:

[Provided that, where there are more plaintiffs than one, it shall be sufficient if the application is presented by one of the plaintiffs.]

4. Examination of applicant—(1) Where the application is in proper form and duly presented, the Court may, if it thinks fit, examine the applicant, or his agent when the applicant is allowed to appear by agent, regarding the merits of the claim and the property of the applicant.

If presented by agent, Court may order applicant to be examined by commission.—(2) Where the application is presented by an agent, the Court may, if it thinks fit, order that the applicant be examined by a commission in the manner in which the examination of an absent witness may be taken.

5. Rejection of application—The Court shall reject an application for permission to sue as [an indigent person]

(a) where it is not framed and presented in the manner prescribed by rules 2 and 3, or

(b) where the applicant is not [an indigent person], or

(c) where he has, within two months next before the presentation of the application, disposed of any property fraudulently or in order to be able to apply for permission to sue as [an indigent person:]

[Provided that no application shall be rejected if, even after the value of the property disposed of by the applicant is taken into account, the applicant would be entitled to sue [as an indigent person],]

(d) where his allegations do not show a cause of action, or

(e) where he has entered into any agreement with reference to the subject matter of the proposed suit under which any other person has obtained an interest in such subject-matter, [or]

[(f) where the allegations made by the applicant in the application show that the suit would be barred by any law for the time being in force, or

(g) where any other person has entered into an agreement with him to finance the litigation.]

6. Notice of day for receiving evidence of applicant's pauperism—Where the Court sees no reason to reject the application on any of the grounds stated in rule 5, it shall fix a day (of which at least ten days' clear notice shall be given to the opposite party and the Government pleader) for receiving such evidence as the applicant may adduce in proof of his pauper-ism and for hearing any evidence which may be adduced in disproof thereof.
7. Procedure at hearing—(1) On the day so fixed or as soon thereafter as may be convenient, the Court shall examine the witnesses (if any) produced by either party, and may examine the applicant or his agent, and shall make[a full record of their evidence.]

[(1-A) The examination of the witnesses under sub-rule (1) shall be confined to the matters specified in clause (b), clause (c) and clause (e) of rule 5 but the examination of the applicant or his agent may relate to any of the matters specified in rule 5.]

(2) The Court shall also hear any argument which the parties may desire to offer on the question whether, on the face of the application and of the evidence (if any) taken by the Court [under rule 6 or under this rule] the applicant is or is not subject to any of the prohibitions specified in rule 5.

(3) The Court shall then either allow or refuse to allow the applicant to sue [as indigent person].

8. Procedure if application admitted—Where the application is granted, it shall be numbered and registered, and shall be deemed the plaint in the suit, and the suit shall proceed in all other respects as a suit instituted in the ordinary manner, except that the plaintiff shall not be liable to pay any court-fee [or fees payable for service of process] in respect of any petition, appointment of a pleader or other proceeding connected with the suit. It shall, however, be within the competence of the Court in case of the extreme poverty of the plaintiff to exempt him from payment of process fees.
9. Dispaupering—The Court may, on the application of the defendant, or of the Government pleader, of which seven day's clear notice in writing has been given to the plaintiff, order the plaintiff to be dispaupered

(a) if he is guilty of vexatious or improper conduct in the course of the suit;

(b) if it appears that his means are such that he ought not to continue to sue as [an indigent person]; or

(c) if he has entered into any agreement with reference to the subject-matter of the suit under which any other person has obtained an interest in such subject-matter.

[9-A. Court to assign a pleader to an unrepresented indigent person—(1) Where a person, who is permitted to sue as an indigent person, is not represented by a pleader, the Court may, if the circumstances of the case so require, assign a pleader to him.

(2) The High Court may, with the previous approval of the State Government, make rules providing for

(a) the mode of selecting pleaders to be assigned under sub-rule (1);

(b) the facilities to be provided to such pleaders by the Court;

(c) any other matter which is required to be or may be provided by the rules for giving effect to the provisions of sub-rule (1).]

10. Costs where pauper succeeds—Where the plaintiff succeeds in the suit, the Court shall calculate the amount of Court-fees which would have been paid by the plaintiff if he had not been permitted to sue as [an indigent person]; such amount shall be recoverable by the Government from any party ordered by the decree to pay the same, and shall be a first charge on the subject-matter of the suit.
11. Procedure where pauper fails—Where the plaintiff fails in the suit or is dispaupered or where the suit is withdrawn or dismissed,

(a) because the summons for the defendant to appear and answer has not been served upon him in consequence of the failure of the plaintiff to pay the Court-fee or postal charges (if any) chargeable for such service, [or to present copies of the plaint concise statement,] or

(b) because the plaintiff does not appear when the suit is called on for hearing, the Court shall order the plaintiff, or any person added as a co-plaintiff to the suit, to pay the Court-fee which would have been paid by the plaintiff if he had not been permitted to sue as [an indigent person].

[11-A. Procedure where pauper suit abates] — Where the suit abates by reason of the death of the plaintiff or of any person added as a co-plaintiff, the Court shall order that the amount of Court-fee which would have been paid by the plaintiff if he had not been permitted to sue as [an indigent person shall be recoverable by the Government from the estate of the deceased plaintiff].

12. Government may apply for payment of Court-fees—Government shall have the right at any time to apply to the Court to make an order for the payment of Court-fees under rule 10, [rule 11 or rule 11-A].
13. Government to be deemed a party—All matters arising between the Government and any party to the suit under rule 10, rule 11, [rule 11-A] or rule 12 shall be deemed to be question arising between the parties to the suit within the meaning of section 47.

[14. Recovery of amount of Court-fees—Where an order is made under rule 10, rule 11 or rule 11-A, the Court shall forthwith cause a copy of the decree or order to be forwarded to the Collector who may, without prejudice to any other mode of recovery, recover the amount of Court-fees specified therein from the person or property liable for the payment as if it were an arrear of land revenue.]

15. Refusal to allow applicant to sue as pauper to bar subsequent application of like nature—An order refusing to allow the applicant to sue as a pauper shall be a bar to any subsequent application of the like nature by him in respect of the same right to sue; but the applicant shall be at liberty to institute a suit in the ordinary manner in respect of such right, [provided that the plaint shall be rejected if he does not pay, either at the time of the institution of the suit or within such time thereafter as the Court may allow] the costs (if any) incurred by the Government and by the opposite party in opposing his application for leave to sue as [an indigent person].

[15-A. Grant of time for payment of Court-fee—Nothing contained in rule 5, rule 7 or rule 15 shall prevent a Court, while rejecting an application under rule 5 or refusing an application under rule 7, from granting time to the applicant to pay the requisite Court-fee within such time as may be fixed by the Court or extended by it from time to time; and upon such payment and a payment of the costs referred to in sub- rule (2) of rule 15 within that time, the suit shall be deemed to have been instituted on the date on which the application for permission to sue as an indigent person was presented.]

16. Costs—The costs of an application for permission to sue as a pauper and of an inquiry into pauperism shall be costs in the suit.

[17. Defence by an indigent person—Any defendant, who desires to plead a set-off or counterclaim, may be allowed to set up such claim as an indigent person, and the rules contained in this Order shall so far as may be, apply to him as if he were a plaintiff and his written statement were a plaint.

18. Power of Government to provide for free legal services to indigent persons—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Order, the Central or State Government may make such supplementary provisions as it thinks fit for providing free legal services to those who have been permitted to sue as indigent persons.

(2) The High Court may, with the previous approval of the State Government, make rules for carrying out the supplementary provisions made by the Central or State Government for providing free legal services to indigent persons referred to in sub-rule (1), and such rules may include the nature and extent of such legal service, the conditions under which they may be made available, the matters in respect of which, and the agencies through which such service may be rendered.]

Order XXXIV (R, 1-15).

Suits Relating to Mortgages of Immovable Property

1. Parties to suits for foreclosure, sale and redemption—Subject to the provisions of this Code, all persons having an interest either in the mortgage-security or in the right of redemption shall be joined as parties to any suit relating to the mortgage.

Explanation.— A puisne mortgagee may sue for foreclosure or for sale without making the prior mortgagee a party to the suit; and a prior mortgagee need not be joined in a suit to redeem a subsequent mortgage

[2. Preliminary decree in foreclosure suit]—(1) In a suit for foreclosure, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court shall pass a preliminary decree

(a) ordering that an account be taken of what was due to the plaintiff at the date of such decree for

(i) Principal and interest on the mortgage,

(ii) the costs of suit, if any, awarded to him, and

(iii) other costs, charges and expenses properly incurred by him up to that date in respect of his mortgage-security, together with interest thereon; or

(b) declaring the amount so due at that date; and

(c) directing-

(i) that, if the defendant pays into Court the amount so found or declared due on or before such date as the Court may fix within six months from the date on which the Court confirms and countersigns the account taken under clause (a), or from the date on which such amount is declared in Court under clause (b), as the case may be, and thereafter pays such amount as may be adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges and expenses as provided in rule 10, together with subsequent interest, on such sum respectively as provided in rule 11, the plaintiff shall deliver up to the defendant, or to such person as the defendant appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property, and shall, if so required, re-transfer the property to the defendant at his cost free from the mortgage and from all encumbrances created by the plaintiff or any person claiming under him, or where the plaintiff claims by derived title, by those under whom he claims, and shall also, if necessary put the defendant in possession of the property; and (ii) that, if payment of the amount found or declared due under or by the preliminary decree is not made on or before the date so fixed, or the defendant fails to pay, within such time as the Court may fix, the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest, the plaintiff shall be entitled to apply for a final decree debarring the defendant from all right to redeem the property.

(2) The Court may, on good cause shown and upon terms to be fixed by the Court, from time to time, at any time before a final decree is passed, extend the time fixed for payment of the amount found or declared due under sub-rule (1) or of the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest.

(3) Where, in a suit for foreclosure, subsequent mortgages or persons deriving title from, or subrogated to the rights of, any such mortgages are joined as parties, the preliminary decree shall provide for the adjudication of the respective rights and liabilities of the parties to the suit in the manner and form set forth in Form No. 9 or Form No. 10, as the case may be, of Appendix D with such variations as the circumstances of the case may require.

3. Final decree in foreclosure suit—(1) Where, before a final decree debarring the defendant from all right to redeem the mortgaged property has been passed, the defendant makes payment into Court of all amounts due from him under sub-rule (1) of rule 2, the Court shall, on application made by the defendant in this behalf pass final decree,-

(a) ordering the plaintiff to deliver up the documents referred to in the preliminary decree,

and, if necessary,-

(b) ordering him to re-transfer at the cost of the defendant the mortgaged property as directed in the said decree,

and, also if necessary,-

(c) ordering him to put the defendant in possession of the property.

(2) Where payment in accordance with sub-rule (1) has not been made, the Court shall, on application made by the plaintiff in this behalf, pass a final decree declaring that the defendant and all persons claiming through or under him are debarred from all right to redeem the mortgaged property also, if necessary, ordering the defendant to put the plaintiff in possession of the property.

(3) On the passing of a final decree under sub-rule (2), all liabilities to which the defendant is subject in respect of the mortgage or on account of the suit shall be deemed to have been discharged.

4. Preliminary decree in suit for sale—(1) In a suit for sale, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court shall pass a preliminary decree to the effect mentioned in clauses (a), (b) and (c) (i) of sub-rule (1) of rule 2, and further directing that, in default of the defendant paying as therein mentioned, the plaintiff shall be entitled to apply for a final decree directing that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof be sold, and the proceeds of the sale(after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) be paid into Court and applied in payment of what has been found or declared under or by the preliminary decree due to the plaintiff, together with such amount as may have been adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest, and the balance, if any, be paid to the defendant or other persons entitled to receive the same.

(2) The Court may, of its own motion or on good cause shown and upon terms to be fixed by the Court, from time to time, at any time before a final decree for sale is passed, extend the time fixed for the payment of the amount found or declared due under sub-rule (i) or of the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest.

(3) Power to decree sale in foreclosure suit.- In a suit for foreclosure in the case of an anomalous mortgage, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court may, at the instance of any party to the suit or of any other person interested in the mortgage-security or the right of redemption, pass a like decree (in lieu of a decree for foreclosure) on such terms as it thinks fit, including the deposit in Court of a reasonable sum fixed by the Court to meet the expenses of the sale and to secure the performance of the terms.

(4) Where, in suit for sale or a suit for foreclosure in which sale is ordered, subsequent mortgages or persons deriving title from, or subrogated to the rights of, any such mortgagees are joined as parties, the preliminary decree referred to in sub-rule (1) shall provide for the adjudication of the respective rights and liabilities of the parties to the suit in the manner and form set forth in Form No. 9, Form No. 10 or Form No. 11, as the case may be, of Appendix D with such variations as the circumstances of the case may require.

5. Final decree in suit for sale—(1) Where, on or before the day fixed or at any time before the confirmation of a sale made in pursuance of a final decree passed under sub-rule (3) of this rule, the defendant makes payment into Court of all amounts due from him under sub-rule (1) of rule 4, the Court shall, on application made by the defendant in this behalf, pass a final decree or, if such decree has been passed an order

(a) ordering the plaintiff to deliver up the documents referred to in the preliminary decree,

and, if necessary,

(b) ordering him to transfer the mortgaged property as directed in the said decree,

and, also, if necessary,

(c) ordering him to put the defendant in possession of the property.

(2) Where the mortgaged property or part thereof has been sold in pursuance of a decree passed under sub-rule (3) of this rule, the Court shall not pass an order under sub-rule (1) of this rule, unless the defendant, in addition to the amount mentioned in sub-rule (1), deposits in Court for payment to the purchaser a sum equal to 5 per cent, of the amount of the purchase money paid into Court by the purchaser.

Where such deposit has been made, the purchaser shall be entitled to an order for repayment of the amount of the purchase-money paid into Court by him, together with a sum equal to 5 per cent, thereof.

(3) Where payment in accordance with sub-rule (1) has not been made, the Court shall, on application made by the plaintiff in this behalf, pass a filial decree directing that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof be sold, and that the proceeds of the sale be dealt with in the manner provided in sub-rule (1) of rule 4.

6. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for sale—Where the net proceeds of any sale held under [rule 5] are found insufficient to pay the amount due to the plaintiff, the Court on application by him may, if the balance is legally recoverable from the defendant otherwise than out of the property sold, pass a decree for such balance.
7. Preliminary decree in redemption suit—(1) In a suit for redemption, if the plaintiff succeeds, the Court shall pass a preliminary decree

(a) ordering that an account be taken of what was due to the defendant at the date of such decree for

(i) principal and interest on the mortgage;

(ii) the costs of suit, if any, awarded to him; and

(iii) other costs, charges and expenses properly incurred by him up to that date, in respect of his mortgage-security together with interest thereon; or

(b) declaring the amount so due at that date; and

(c) directing

(i) that, if the plaintiff pays into Court the amount so found or declared due on or before such date as the Court may fix within six months from the date on which the Court confirms and countersigns the account taken under clause (a), or from the date on which such amount is declared in Court under clause (b), as the case may be, and thereafter pays such amount as may be adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges and expenses as provided in rule 10 together with subsequent interest on such sums respectively as provided in rule 11, the defendant, shall deliver up to the plaintiff, or to such person as the plaintiff appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property and shall if so required, re-transfer the property to the plaintiff at his cost free from the mortgage and from all encumbrances created by the defendant or any person claiming under him, or, where the defendant claims by derived title, by those under whom he claims, and shall also, if necessary, put the plaintiff in possession of the property; and

(ii) that, if payment of the amount found or declared due under or by the preliminary decree is not made on or before the date so fixed, or the plaintiff fails to pay, within such time as the Court may fix, the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interests the defendant shall be entitled to apply for a final decree

(a) in the case of a mortgage other than a usufructuary mortgage, a mortgage by conditional sale, or an anomalous mortgage the terms of which provide for foreclosure only and not for sale, that the mortgaged property be sold, or

(b) in the case of a mortgage by conditional sale or such an anomalous mortgage as aforesaid, that the plaintiff be debarred from all rights to redeem the property.

(2) The Court may, on good cause shown and upon terms to be fixed by the Court, from time to time, at any time before the passing of a final decree for foreclosure or sale, as the case may be, extend the time fixed for the payment of the amount found or declared due under sub-rule (1) or of the amount adjudged due in respect of subsequent costs, charges, expenses and interest.

8. Final decree in redemption suit—(1) Where, before a final decree debarring the plaintiff from all right to redeem the mortgaged property has been passed or before the confirmation of a sale held in pursuance of a final decree passed under sub-rule (3) of this rule, the plaintiff makes payment into Court of all amounts due from him under sub-rule (1) of rule 7, the Court shall, on application made by the plaintiff in this behalf, pass a final decree or, if such decree has been passed, an order

(a) ordering the defendant to deliver up the documents referred to in the preliminary decree,

and, if necessary,

(b) ordering him to re-transfer at the cost of the plaintiff the mortgaged property as directed in the said decree,

and, also, if necessary,

(c) ordering him to put the plaintiff in possession of the property.

(2) Where the mortgaged property or a part thereof has been sold in pursuance of a decree passed under sub-rule (3) of this rule, the Court shall not pass an order under sub-rule (1) of this rule, unless the plaintiff, in addition to the amount mentioned in sub-rule (1), deposits in Court for payment to the purchaser a sum equal to five percent, of the amount of the purchase-money paid into Court by the purchaser.

Where such deposit has been made, the purchaser shall be entitled to an order for repayment of the amount of the purchase-money paid into Court by him, together with a sum equal to five percent, thereof.

(3) Where payment in accordance with sub-rule(1) has not been made, the Court shall, on application made by the defendant in this behalf,

(a) in the case of a mortgage by conditional sale or of such an anomalous mortgage as is hereinbefore referred to in rule 7, pass a final decree declaring that the plaintiff and all persons claiming under him are debarred from all right to redeem the mortgaged property and, also, if necessary, ordering the plaintiff to put the defendant in possession of the mortgaged property; or

(b) in the case of any other mortgage, not being a usufructuary mortgage, pass a final decree that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof be sold, and the proceeds of the sale (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) be paid into Court and applied in payment of what is found due to the defendant, and the balance, if any, be paid to the plaintiff or other persons entitled to receive the same.

[8-A. Recovery of balance due on mortgage in suit for redemption — Where the net proceeds of any sale held under [rule 8] are found insufficient to pay the amount due to the defendant, the Court[on application by him, in execution] may, if the balance is legally recoverable from the plaintiff otherwise than out of the property sold, pass a decree for such balance.]

9. Decree where nothing is found due or where mortgagee has been over-paid—Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, if it appears, upon taking the account referred to in rule 7, that nothing is due to the defendant or that he has been overpaid, the Court shall pass a decree directing the defendant, if so required, to transfer the property and to pay to the plaintiff the amount which may be found due to him; and the plaintiff shall, if necessary, be put in possession of the mortgaged property.

[10. Cost of mortgage subsequent to decree]—In finally adjusting the amount to be paid to a mortgagee in case of a foreclosure, sale or redemption, the Court shall, unless in the case of costs of the suit the conduct of the mortgagee has been such as to disentitle him thereto, add to the mortgage-money such costs of the suit and other costs, charges and expenses as have been properly incurred by him since the date of the preliminary decree for foreclosure, sale or redemption up to the time of actual payment:

[Provided that where the mortgagor, before or at the time of the institution of the suit, tenders or deposits the amount due on the mortgage, or such amount as is not substantially deficient in the opinion of the Court, he shall not be ordered to pay the costs of the suit to the mortgagee and the mortgagor shall be entitled to recover his own costs of the suit from the mortgagee, unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded otherwise directs.]

[10-A. Power of Court to direct mortgagee to pay mesne profits—Wherein a suit for foreclosure, the mortgagor has, before or at the time of the institution of the suit, 'tendered or deposited the sum due on the mortgage, or such sum as is not substantially deficient in the opinion of the Court, the Court shall direct the mortgagee to pay to the mortgagor mesne profits the period beginning with the institution of the suit.]11. Payment of interest—In any decree passed in a suit for foreclosure, sale or redemption, where interest is legally recoverable, the Court may order payment of interest to the mortgagee as follows, namely:-

(a) interest up to the date on or before which payment of the amount found or declared due is under the preliminary decree to be made by the mortgagor or other person redeeming the mortgage

(i) on the principal amount found, or, declared due on the mortgage,- at the rate payable on the principal, or, where no such rate is fixed, at such rate as the Court deems reasonable,

(ii) on the amount of the costs of the suit awarded to the mortgagee,- at such rate as the Court deems reasonable from the date of the preliminary decree, and

(iii) on the amount adjudged due to the mortgagee for costs, charges and expenses properly incurred by the mortgagee in respect of the mortgage-security up to the date of the preliminary decree and added to the mortgage money, at the rate agreed between the parties, or failing such rate, at the same rate as is payable on the principal, or failing both such rates, at nine percent per annum; and

(b) subsequent interest up to the date of realization or actual payment at such rate as the Court deems reasonable

(i) on the aggregate of the principal sums specified in clause (a) and of the interest, thereon as calculated in accordance with that clause; and

(ii) on the amount adjudged due to the mortgagee in respect of such further costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10.1

12. Sale of property subject to prior mortgage—Where any property the sale of which is directed under this Order is subject to a prior mortgage, the Court may, with the consent of the prior mortgagee, direct that the property be sold free from the same, giving to such prior mortgagee the same interest in the proceeds of the sale as he had in the property sold.
13. Application of proceeds—(1) Such proceeds shall be brought into Court and applied as follows:-first, in payment of all expenses incident to the sale or properly incurred in any attempted sale;

Secondly, in payment of whatever is due to the prior mortgagee on account of the prior mortgage, and of costs, properly incurred in connection therewith;

thirdly, in payment of all interest due on account of the mortgage in consequence whereof the sale was directed, and of the costs of the suit in which the decree directing the sale was made;

fourthly, in payment of the principal money due on account of that mortgage; and

lastly, the residue (if any) shall be paid to the person proving himself to be interested in the property sold, or if there are more such persons than one, then to such persons according to their respective interests therein or upon their joint receipt.

(2) Nothing in this rule or in rule 12 shall be deemed to affect the powers conferred by section 57 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1977.

14. Suit for sale necessary for bringing mortgaged property to sale—Where a mortgagee has obtained a decree for the payment of money in satisfaction of a claim arising under the mortgage, he shall not be entitled to bring the mortgaged property to sale otherwise than by instituting a suit for sale in enforcement of the mortgage, and he may institute such suit notwithstanding anything contained in Order II, rule 2.
15. Charges—[(1) All the provisions contained in this Order as to the sale or redemption of mortgaged property shall, so far as may be, apply to property subject to a charge within the meaning of section 100 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1977].

[(2) Where a decree orders payment of money and charges it on immovable property on default of payment, the amount may be realized by sale of that property in execution of that decree.]

Order XXXV (R,1-6).

Interpleader

1. Plaint in interpleader-suit—In every suit of interpleader the plaint shall, in addition to the other statements necessary for plaints, state

(a) that the plaintiff claims no interest in the subject-matter in dispute other than for charges or costs;

(b) the claims made by the defendant severally; and

(c) that there is no collusion between the plaintiff and any of the defendant.

2. Payment of thing claimed into Court—Where the thing claimed is capable of being paid into Court or placed in the custody of the Court, the plaintiff may be required to so pay or place it before he can be entitled to any order in the suit.
3. Procedure where defendant is suing plaintiff—Where any of the defendants in an interpleader-suit is actually suing the plaintiff in respect of the subject-matter of such suit, the Court in which the suit against the plaintiff is pending shall, on being informed by the Court in which the interpleader-suit has been instituted, stay the proceedings as against him; and his costs in the suit so stayed may be provided for in such suit; but if, and in so far as, they are not provided for in that suit they may be added to his costs incurred in the interpleader-suit.
4. Procedure at first hearing—(1) At the first hearing the Court may

(a) declare that the plaintiff is discharged from all liability to the defendants in respect of the thing claimed, award him his costs, and dismiss him from the suit; or

(b) if it thinks that justice or convenience so required retain all parties until the final disposal of the suit.

(2) Where the Court finds that the admissions of the parties or other evidence enable it to do so, it may adjudicate the title to the thing claimed.

(3) Where the admissions of the parties do not enable the Court so to adjudicate, it may direct

(a) that an issue or issues between the parties be framed and tried, and

(b) that any claimant be made a plaintiff in lieu of or in addition to the original plaintiff

and shall proceed to try the suit in the ordinary manner.

5. Agents and tenants may not institute inter-pleader suits—Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to enable agents to sue their principals, or tenants to sue their landlords, for the purpose of compelling them to interplead with any person other than persons making claim through such principals or landlords.

Illustrations

(a) A deposits a box of jewels with B as his agent. C alleges that the jewels were wrongfully obtained from him by A, and claims them from B. B cannot institute an interpleader suit against A and C.

(b) A deposits a box of jewels with B as his agent. He then writes to C for the purpose of making the jewels a security for a debt due from himself to C.A afterwards alleges that C's debt is satisfied, and C alleges the contrary. Both claim the jewels from B. B may institute an interpleader-suit against A and C.

6. Charge for plaintiff's costs—Whether the suit is properly instituted the Court may provide for the costs of the original plaintiff by giving him a charge on the thing claimed or in some other effectual way.

Order XXXVI (R, 1-6).

Special Case

1. Power to state case for Court's opinion—(1) Parties claiming to be interested in the decision of any question of fact or law may enter into an agreement in writing stating such question in the form of a case for the opinion of the Court, and providing that, upon the finding of the Court with respect to such question,

(a) a sum of money fixed by the parties or to be determined by the Court shall be paid by one of the parties to other of them; or

(b) some property, movable or immovable, specified in the agreement, shall be delivered by one of the parties to the other of them; or

(c) one or more of the parties shall do, or refrain from doing, some other particular act specified in the agreement.

(2) Every case stated under this rule shall be divided into consecutively numbered paragraphs, and shall concisely state such facts and specify such documents as may be necessary to enable the Court to decide the question raised thereby.

2. Where value of subject-matter must be stated—Where the agreement is for the delivery of any property, or for the doing, or the refraining from doing, any particular act, the estimated value of the property to be delivered or to which the act specified has reference, shall be stated in the agreement.
3. Agreement to be filed and registered as suit—(1) The agreement, if framed in accordance with the rules hereinbefore contained, may be filed [with an application] in the Court which would have jurisdiction to entertain a suit, the amount or value of the subject-matter of which is the same as the amount or value of the subject-matter of the agreement.

(2) [The application] when so filed, shall be numbered and registered as a suit between one or more of the parties claiming to be interested as plaintiff or plaintiffs, and the other or the others of them as defendant or defendants; and notice shall be given to all the parties to [the application] other than the party or parties by whom [the application] was presented.

4. Parties to be subject to Court's jurisdiction—Where the agreement has been filed, the parties to it shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Court and shall be bound by the statements contained therein.
5. Hearing and disposal of case—(1) The case shall be set down for hearing as a suit instituted in the ordinary manner, and the provisions of this Code shall apply to such suit so far as the same are applicable.

(2) Where the Court is satisfied, after examination of the parties, or after taking such evidence as it thinks fit,

(a) that the agreement was duly executed by them,

(b) that they have a bona fide interest in the question stated therein, and

(c) that the same is fit to be decided, it shall proceed to pronounce judgment thereon, in the same way as in an ordinary suit, and upon the judgment so pronounced a decree shall follow.

[6. No appeal from a decree passed under rule 5—No appeal shall lie from a decree passed under rule 5.]

[ ***]

[1. Courts and Classes of suits to which the order is to apply—(1) This Order shall apply to the following Courts, namely:

(a) High Courts and other Civil Courts as specified in section 13 of the Civil Courts Act, Svt. 1977, and

(b) Other Courts:

Provided that in respect of the Courts referred to in clause (b), the High Court may, by notification in the Government Gazette, restrict the operation of this Order only to such categories of suits as it deems proper, and may also, from time to time, as the circumstances of the case may require, by subsequent notification in the Government Gazette, further restrict, enlarge or vary, the categories of suits to be brought under the operation of this Order as it deems proper.

(2) Subject to the provisions of sub-rule (1), the Order applies to the following classes of suits, namely:

(a) suits upon bills of exchange, hundies an promissory notes;

(b) suits in which the plaintiff seeks only to recover a debt or liquidated demand in money payable by the defendant, with or without interest, arising,-

(i) on a written contract; or

(ii) on an enactment, where the sum sought to be recovered is a fixed sum of money or in the nature of a debt other than a penalty; or

(iii) on a guarantee, where the claim against the principal is in respect of a debt or liquidated demand only.]

[2. Institution of summary suits—(1) A suit in which this Order applies, may if the plaintiff desires to proceed hereunder, be instituted by presenting a plaint which shall contain,

(a) a specific averment to the effect that the suit is filed under this Order;

(b) that no relief, which does not fall within the ambit of this rule, has been claimed in the plaint; and

(c) the following inscription, immediately below the number of the suit in the title of the suit, namely:

"(Under Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, Svt. 1977)":

(2) The summons of the suit shall be in Form No. 4 in Appendix B or in such other Form as may, from time to time, be prescribed.

(3) The defendant shall not defend the suit referred to in sub-rule (1) unless he enters an appearance and in default of his entering an appearance the allegations in the plaint shall be deemed to be admitted and the plaintiff shall be entitled to a decree for any sum, not exceeding the sum mentioned in the summons, together with interest at the rate specified, if any, up to the date of the decree and such sum for costs as may be determined by the High Court from time to time by rules made in that behalf and such decree may be executed forthwith.]

[3. Procedure for the appearance of defendant—(1) In a suit to which this Order applies, the plaintiff shall, together with the summons under rule 2, serve on the defendant, may at any time within ten days of such service, enter an appearance either in person or by pleader and, in either case, he shall file in Court an address for service of notices on him.]

(2) Unless otherwise ordered, all summons, notices and other judicial processes, required to be served on the defendant, shall be deemed to have been duly served on him if they are left at the address given by him for such service.

(3) On the day of entering the appearance, notice of such appearance shall be given by the defendant to the plaintiff's pleader, or , if the plaintiff sues in person, to the plaintiff himself, either by notice delivered at or sent by a pre-paid letter directed to the address of the plaintiff's pleader or of the plaintiff, as the case may be.

(4) If the defendant enters an appearance, the plaintiff shall thereafter serve on the defendant a summon for judgment in Form No. 4-A, in Appendix B or such other Form as may be prescribed from time to time, returnable not less than ten days from the date of service supported by an affidavit verifying the cause of action and the amount claimed and stating that in his belief there is no defence to the suit.

(5) The defendant may, at any time within ten days from the service of such summons for judgment, affidavit or otherwise disclosing such facts as may be deemed sufficient to entitle him to defend, apply on such summons for leave to defend such suit, and leave to defend may be granted to him unconditionally or upon such terms as may appear to the Court or Judge to be just:

Provided that leave to defend shall not be refused unless the Court is satisfied that the facts disclosed by the defendant do not indicate that he has a substantial defence to raise or that the defence intended to be put up by the defendant is frivolous or vexatious:

Provided further that, where a part of the amount claimed by the plaintiff is admitted by the defendant to be due from him, leave to defend the suit shall not be granted unless the amount so admitted to be due is deposited by the defendant in Court.

(6) At the hearing of such summons for judgment,

(a) if the defendant has not applied for leave to defend, or if such application has been made and is refused, the plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment forthwith; or

(b) if the defendant is permitted to defend as to the whole or any part of the claim, the Court or Judge may direct him to give such security and within such time as may be fixed by the Court or Judge and that, on failure to give such security within the time specified by the Court or Judge or to carry out such other directions as may have been given by the Court or Judge, the plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment forthwith.

(7) The Court or Judge may, for sufficient cause shown by the defendant, excuse the delay of the defendant in entering an appearance or in applying for leave to defend the suit.

4. Power to set aside decree—After decree the Court may, under special circumstances, set aside the decree, and if necessary stay or set aside execution, and may give leave to the defendant to appear to the summons and to defend the suit, if it seems reasonable to the Court so to do, and on such terms as the Court thinks fit.
5. Power to order bill, etc. to be deposited with officer of Court—In any proceeding under this Order the Court may, order the bill, hundi or note on which the suit is founded to be forthwith deposited with an officer of the Court, and may further order that all proceedings shall be stayed until the plaintiff gives security for the costs thereof.
6. Recovery of cost of noting non-acceptance of dishonoured bill or note—The holder of every dishonoured bill of exchange or promissory note shall have the same remedies for the recovery of the expenses incurred in noting the same for non-acceptance or non-payment or otherwise, by reason of Such dishonour, as he has under this Order for the recovery of the amount of such bill or note.
7. Procedure in suits—Save as provided by this Order, the procedure in suits hereunder shall be the same as the procedure in suits instituted in the ordinary manner.

Order XXXVIII (R,13).

Arrest and Attachment before Judgment Arrest before Judgment

1. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for appearance—Where at any stage of a suit, other than a suit of the nature referred to in section 16, clauses (a) to (d), the Court is satisfied, by affidavit or otherwise,

(a) that the defendant with intent to delay the plaintiff, or to avoid any process of the Court or to obstruct or delay the execution of any decree that may be passed against him,-

(i) has absconded or left the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court, or

(ii) is about to abscond or leave the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court, or

(iii) has disposed of or removed from the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court his property or any part thereof, or

(b) that the defendant is about to leave the State under circumstances affording reasonable probability that the plaintiff will or may thereby be obstructed or delayed in the execution of any decree that may be passed against the defendant in the suit, the Court may issue a warrant to arrest the defendant and bring him before the Court to show cause why he should not furnish security for his appearance:

Provided that the defendant shall not be arrested if he pays to the officer entrusted with the execution of the warrant any sum specified in the warrant as sufficient to satisfy the plaintiff's claim; and such sum shall be held in deposit by the Court until the suit is disposed of or until the further order of the Court.

2. Security—(1) Where the defendant fails to show such cause the Court shall order him either to deposit in Court money or other property sufficient to answer the claim against him, or to furnish security for his appearance at anytime when called upon while the suit is pending and until satisfaction of any decree that may be passed against him in the suit, or make such order as it thinks fit in regard to the sum which may have been paid by the defendant under the proviso to the last preceding rule.

(2) Every surety for the appearance of a defendant shall bind himself, in default of such appearance, to pay any sum of money which the defendant may be ordered to pay in the suit.

3. Procedure on application by surety to be discharged—(1) A surety for the appearance of a defendant may at any time apply to the Court in which he became such surety to be discharged from his obligation.

(2) On such application being made, the Court shall summon the defendant to appear or, if it thinks fit, may issue warrant for his arrest in the first instance.

(3) On the appearance of the defendant in pursuance of the summons or warrant, or on his voluntary surrender, the Court shall direct the surety to be discharged from his obligation, and shall call upon the defendant to find fresh security.

4. Procedure where defendant fails to furnish security or find fresh security—Where the defendant fails to comply with any order under rule 2 or rule 3, the Court may commit him to the civil prison until the decision of the suit or, where a decree is passed against the defendant, until the decree has been satisfied:

Provided that no person shall be detained in prison under this rule in any case for a longer period than six months, nor for a longer period than six weeks when the amount or value of the subject-matter of the suit does not exceed fifty rupees:

Provided also that no person shall be detained in prison under this rule after he has complied with such order.

Attachment before Judgment

5. Where defendant may be called upon to furnish security for production of property—(1) Where, at any stage of suit, the Court is satisfied, by affidavit or otherwise, that the defendant, with intent to obstruct or delay the execution of any decree that may be passed against him,-

(a) is about to dispose of the whole or any part of his property, or

(b) is about to remove the whole or any part of his property from the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court, the Court may direct the defendant, within a time to be fixed by it, either to furnish security, in such sum as may be specified in the order, to produce and place at the disposal of the Court, when required, the said property or the value of the same, or such portion thereof as may be sufficient to satisfy the decree, or to appear and show cause why he should not furnish security.

(2) The plaintiff shall, unless the Court otherwise directs, specify the property required to be attached and the estimated value thereof.

(3) The Court may also in the order direct the conditional attachment of the whole or any portion of the property so specified.

[(4) If an order of attachment is made without complying with the provisions of sub-rule (1) of this rule, such attachment shall be void.]

6. Attachment where cause not shown or security not furnished—(1) Where the defendant fails to show cause why he should not furnish security, or fails to furnish the security required, within the time fixed by the Court, the Court may order that the property specified, or such portion thereof as appears sufficient to satisfy any decree which may be passed in the suit, be attached.

(2) Where the defendant shows such cause or furnishes the required security, and the property specified or any portion of it has been attached, the Court shall order the attachment to be withdrawn, or make such other order as it thinks fit.

7. Mode of making attachment—Save as otherwise expressly provided, the attachment shall be made in the manner provided for the attachment of property in execution of a decree.

[8. Adjudication of claim to property attached before judgment—Where any claim is preferred to property attached before judgment, such claim shall be adjudicated upon the manner hereinbefore provided for the adjudication of claims to property attached in execution of a decree for the payment of money.]

9. Removal of attachment when security furnished or suit dismissed—Where an order is made for attachment before judgment, the Court shall order the attachment to be withdrawn when the defendant furnishes the security required, together with security for the costs of the attachment, or when the suit is dismissed.
10. Attachment before judgment not to affect rights of strangers nor bar decree-holder from applying for sale—Attachment before judgment shall not affect the rights, existing prior to the attachment, of persons not parties to the suit, nor bar any person holding a decree against the defendant from applying for the sale of the property under attachment in execution of such decree.
11. Property attached before judgment not to be re-attached in execution of decree—Where property is under attachment by virtue of the provisions of this Order and a decree is subsequently passed in favour of the plaintiff, it shall not be necessary upon an application for execution of such decree to apply for a re-attachment of the property.

[11-A. Provisions applicable to an attachment—(1) The provisions of this Code applicable to an attachment made in execution of a decree shall, so far as may be, apply to an attachment made before judgment which continues after the judgment by virtue of the provisions of rule 11.

(2) An attachment made before judgment in a suit which is dismissed for default not become revived merely by reason of the fact that the order for the dismissal of the suit for default has been set aside and the suit has been restored.]

12. Agricultural produce not attachable before judgment—Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to authorise the plaintiff to apply for the attachment of any agricultural produce in the possession of an agriculturist, or to empower the Court to order the attachment or production of such produce.

[13. Small Cause Court not to attach immovable property—Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to empower any Court of Small Causes to make an order for the attachment of immovable property.]

Order XXXIX (R, 1-10).

Temporary Injunctions and Interlocutory Orders Temporary Injunctions

1. Cases in which temporary injunction may be granted—Where in any suit it is proved by affidavit or otherwise

(a) that any property in dispute in a suit is in danger of being wasted, damaged or alienated by any party to the suit, or wrongfully sold in execution of a decree, or

(b) that the defendant threatens, or intends, to remove or dispose of his property with a view to 1. Word "defraud" substituted by Act No XI of 1983, w.e.f. 15-8-1983.[defrauding] his creditors, the Court may by order grant a temporary injunction to restrain such act, or make such other order for 'the purpose of staying and preventing the wasting, damaging, alienation, sale, removal or disposition of the property 2. Inserted by Act XI of 1983, Section 80 w.e.f. 15-08-1983.[or dispossession of the plaintiff, or otherwise causing injury to the plaintiff in relation to any property in dispute in the suit] as the Court thinks fit, until the disposal of the suit or until further orders,

(c) that the defendant threatens to dispossess the plaintiff or otherwise causes injury to the plaintiff in relation to any property in dispute in the suit:

[Provided that the Court before granting any injunction shall invariably call upon the applicant to satisfy it by an affidavit or otherwise that no suit of similar nature is pending in or has already been decided by any court of competent jurisdiction.]

2. Injunction to restrain repetition or continuance of breach—(1) In any suit for restraining the defendant from committing a breach of contract or other injury of any kind, whether compensation is claimed in the suit or not, the plaintiff may, at any time after the commencement of the suit, and either before or after judgment, apply to the Court for a temporary injunction to restrain the defendant from committing the breach of contract or injury complained of, or any breach of contract or injury of like kind arising out of the same contract or relating to the same property or right.

(2) The Court may by order grant such injunction, on such terms as to the duration of the injunction, keeping an account giving security, or otherwise, as the Court thinks fit.

[x x x]

[2-A. Consequences of disobedience or breach of injunction—(1) In the case of disobedience of any injunction granted or other order made under rule 1 or rule 2 or breach of any of the terms on which the injunction was granted or the order made, the Court granting the injunction or making the order or any Court to which the suit or proceeding is transferred, may order the property of the person guilty of such disobedience or breach to be attached, and may also order such person to be detained in the civil prison, for a term not exceeding three months, unless in the meantime the Court directs his release.

(2) No attachment made under this rule shall remain in force for more than one year, at the end of which time, if the disobedience or breach continues, the property attached may be sold and out of the proceeds, the Court may award such compensation as it thinks fit to the injured party and shall pay the balance, if any, to the party entitled thereto.]

3. Before granting injunction Court to direct notice to opposite party—The Court shall in all cases, except where it appears that the object of granting the injunction would be defeated by the delay, before granting an injunction, direct notice of the application for the same to be given to the opposite party;
4. Added by Act XI of 1983, Section 80 w.e.f. 15-08-1983.[Provided that, where it is proposed to grant an injunction without giving notice of the application to the opposite party, the Court shall record the reasons for its opinion that the object of granting the injunction would be defeated by delay, and require the applicant:

(a) to deliver to the opposite party, or to send to him by registered post immediately after the order granting the injunction has been made, a copy of the application for injunction has together with

(i) a copy of the affidavit filed in support of the application;

(ii) a copy of the plaint; and

(iii) copies of documents on which the applicant relies; and

(b) to file, on the day on which such injunction is granted or on the day immediately following that day, an affidavit stating that the copies aforesaid have been so delivered or sent.]

[3-A. Court to dispose of application for injunction within thirty days—Where an injunction has been granted without giving notice to the opposite party, the Court shall make an endeavour to finally dispose of the application within thirty days from the date on which the injunction was granted; and where it is unable so to do, it shall record its reasons for such inability.]

4. Order for injunction may be discharged, varied or set aside—Any order for an injunction may be discharged, or varied, or set aside by the Court, on application made thereto by any party dissatisfied with such order:

[Provided that if in an application for temporary injunction or in any affidavit supporting such application, a party has knowingly made a false or misleading statement in relation to a material particular and the injunction as granted without giving notice to the opposite party the Court shall vacate the injunction unless, for reasons to be recorded, it considers that it is not necessary so to do in the interest of justice:

Provided further that where an order for injunction has been passed after giving to a party an opportunity of being heard, the order shall not be discharged, varied or set aside on the application of that party except where such discharge, variation or setting aside has been necessitated by a change in the circumstances, or unless the Court is satisfied that the order has caused undue hardship to that party.]

5. Injunction to corporation binding on its officers—An injunction directed to a corporation is binding not only on the corporation itself, but also on all members and officers of the corporation whose personal action it seeks to restrain.

Interlocutory Orders

6. Powers to order interim sale—The Court may, on the application of any party to a suit, order the sale, by any person named in such order, and in such manner and on such terms as it thinks fit, of any movable property, being the subject-matter of such suit, or attached before judgment in such suit, which is subject to speedy and natural decay, or which for any other just and sufficient cause it may be desirable to have sold at once.
7. Detention, preservation, inspection, etc. of subject-matter of suit—(1) The Court may, on the application of any party to a suit, and on such terms as it thinks fit

(a) make an order for the detention, preservation or inspection of any property which is the subject-matter of such suit, or as to which any question may arise therein;

(b) for all or any of the purposes aforesaid authorise any person to enter upon or into any land or building in the possession of any other party to such suit; and

(c) for all or any of the purposes aforesaid authorise any samples to be taken, or any observation to be made or experiment to be tried, which may seem necessary or expedient for the purpose of obtaining full information or evidence.

(2) The provisions as to execution of process shall apply, mutatis mutandis to persons authorised to enter under this rule.

8. Application for such orders to be after notice—(1) An application by the plaintiff for an order under rule 6 or rule 7 may be made [x x x] at any time after institution of the suit.

(2) An application by the defendant for a like order may be made [***] at any time after appearance.

[(3) Before making an order under rule 6 or rule 7 on an application made for the purpose, the Court shall, except where it appears that the object of making such order would be defeated by the delay, direct notice thereof to be given to the opposite party.]

9. When party may be put in immediate possession of land the subject -matter of suit—Where land paying revenue to Government, or a tenure liable to sale, is the subject-matter of a suit, if the party in possession of such land or tenure neglects to pay the Government revenue, or the rent due to the proprietor of the tenure, as the case may be, and such land or tenure is consequently ordered to be sold, any other party to the suit claiming to have an interests in such land or tenure may, upon payment of the revenue or rent due previously to the sale (and with or without security at the discretion of the Court), be put in immediate possession of the land or tenure;

and the Court in its decree may award against the defaulter the amount so paid with interest thereon at such rate as the Court thinks fit, or may charge the amount so paid, with interests thereon at such rate as the Court orders, in any adjustment of accounts which may be directed in the decree passed in the suit.

10. Deposit of money, etc. in Court—Where the subject-matter of a suit is money or some other thing capable of delivery, and any party thereto admits that he holds such money or other thing as a trustee for another party, or that it belongs or is due to another party, the Court may order the same to be deposited in Court or delivered to such last-named party, with or without security, subject to the further direction of the Court.

Order XL (R, 1-5)

Appointment of Receivers

1. Appointment of receivers—(1) Where it appears to the Court to be just and convenient, the Court may by order

(a) appoint a receiver of any property, whether before or after decree;

(b) remove any person from the possession or custody of the property;

(c) commit the same to the possession, custody or management of the receiver; and

(d) confer upon the receiver all such powers, as to bringing and defending suits and for the realization, management, protection, preservation and improvement of the property, the collection of the rents and profits thereof, the application and disposal of such rents and profits, and the execution of documents as the owner himself has, or such of those powers as the Court thinks fit.

(2) Nothing in this rule shall authorise the Court to remove from the possession or custody of property any person whom any party to the suit has not a present right so to remove.

2. Remuneration—The Court may be general or special order fix the amount to be paid as remuneration for the services of the receiver.
3. Duties—Every receiver so appointed shall-

(a) furnish such security (if any) as the Court thinks fit, duly to account for what he shall receive in respect of the property;

(b) submit his accounts at such periods and in such form as the Court directs;

(c) pay the amount due from him as the Court directs; and

(d) be responsible for any loss occasioned to the property by his wilful default or gross negligence.

4. Enforcement of receiver's duties—Where a receiver

(a) fails to submit his accounts at such periods and in such form as the Court directs, or

(b) fails to pay amount due from him as the court directs; or

(c) occasions loss to the property by this wilful default, or gross negligence, the Court may direct his property to be attached and may sell such property, and may apply the proceeds to make good any amount found to be due from him or any loss occasioned by him, and shall pay the balance (if any) to the receiver.

5. When Collector may be appointed receiver—Where the property is land paying revenue to the Government, or land of which the revenue has been assigned or redeemed, and the Court considers that the interests of those concerned will be promoted by the management of the Collector, the Court may, with the consent of the Collector, appoint him to be receiver of such property.

Order XLI (R, 1-37).

Appeals from Original Decrees

1. Form of appeal. What to accompany memorandum— (1) Every appeal shall be preferred in the form of a memorandum signed by the appellant or his pleader and presented to the Court or to such officer as it appoints in this behalf. The memorandum shall be accompanied by a copy of the[Judgment]:

[Provided that where two or more suits have been tried together and a common judgment has been delivered therefor and two or more appeals are filed against any decree covered by that judgment, whether by the same appellant or by different appellants, the appellate Court may dispense with the filing of more than one copy of the judgment.]

Contents of memorandum.—(2) The memorandum shall set forth, concisely and under distinct heads the grounds of objection to the decree appealed from without any argument or narrative; and such grounds shall be numbered consecutively.

[(3) Where the appeal is against decree for payment of money, the appellant shall, within such time as the Appellate Court may allow, deposit the amount disputed in the appeal or furnish such security in respect thereof as the Court may think fit.]

2. Grounds which may be taken in appeal—The appellant shall not, except by leave of the Court, urge or be heard in support of any ground of objection not set forth in the memorandum of appeal; but the Appellate Court, in deciding the appeal, shall not be confined to the grounds of objection set forth in the memorandum of appeal or taken by leave of the Court under this rule:

Provided that the Court shall not rest its decision on any other ground unless the party who may be affected thereby has had a sufficient opportunity of contesting the case on that ground.

3. Rejection or amendment of memorandum— (1) Where the memorandum of appeal is not drawn up in the manner hereinbefore prescribed, it may be rejected, or be returned to the appellant for the purpose of being amended within a time to be fixed by the Court or be amended then and there.

(2) Where the Court rejects any memorandum, it shall record the reasons for such rejection.

(3) Where a memorandum of appeal is amended, the Judge, or such officer as he appoints in this behalf, shall sign or initial the amendment.

[3-A. Application for condonation of delay—(1) When an appeal is presented after the expiry of the period of limitation specified therefor, it shall be accompanied by an application supported by affidavit setting forth the facts on which the appellant relies to satisfy the Court, that he had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within such period.

(2) If the Court sees no reason to reject the application without the issue of a notice to the respondent, notice thereof shall be issued to the respondent and the matter shall be finally decided by the Court before it proceeds to deal with the appeal under rule 11 or rule 13, as the case may be.

(3) Where an application has been made under sub-rule (1), the Court shall not make an order for the stay of execution of the decree against which the appeal is proposed to be filed so long as the Court does not, after hearing under rule 11, decide to hear the appeal.]

4. One of several plaintiff or defendants may obtain reversal of whole decree where it proceeds on ground common to all—Where there are more plaintiffs or more defendants than one in a suit, and the decree appealed from proceeds on any ground common to all the plaintiffs or to all the defendants, any one of the plaintiffs or of the defendants may appeal from the whole decree, and thereupon the Appellate Court may reverse or vary the decree in favour of all the plaintiffs or defendant, as the case may be.

Stay of Proceedings and of Execution

5. Stay by Appellate Court— (1) An appeal shall not operate as a stay of proceedings under a decree or order appealed from except so far as the Appellate Court may order, nor shall execution of a decree be stayed by reason only of an appeal having been preferred from the decree; but the Appellate Court may for sufficient cause order stay of execution of such decree.

[Explanation.—An order by the Appellate Court for the stay of execution of the decree shall be effective from the date of the communication of such order to the Court of first instance, but an affidavit sworn by the appellant, based on his personal knowledge, stating that an order for the stay of execution of the decree has been made by the Appellate Court shall, pending the receipt from the Appellate Court of the order for the stay of execution or any order to the contrary, be acted upon by the Court of first instance.]

Stay by Court which passed the decree.—(2) Where an application is made for stay of execution of an appealable decree before the expiration of the time allowed for appealing therefrom, the Court which passed the decree may on sufficient cause being shown order the execution to be stayed.

(3) No order for stay of execution shall be made under sub-rule (1) or sub-rule (2) unless the court making it is satisfied

(a) that substantial loss may result to the party applying for stay of execution unless the order is made;

(b) that the application has been made without unreasonable; and

(c) that security has been given by the applicant for the due performance of such decree or order as may ultimately be binding upon him.

(4) [Subject to the provisions of sub-rule (3),] the Court may make an ex parte order for stay of execution pending the hearing of the application.

[(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing sub-rules, where the appellant fails to make the deposit or furnish the security specified in sub-rule (3) of rule 1, the Court shall not make an order staying the execution of the decree.]

6. Security in case of order for execution of decree appealed from—(1) Where an order is made for the execution of a decree from which an appeal is pending, the Court which passed the decree shall, on sufficient cause being shown by the appellant, require security to be taken for the restitution of any property which may be or has been taken in execution of the decree or for the payment of the value of such property and for the due performance of the decree or order of the Appellate Court may for like cause direct the Court which passed the decree to take security.

(2) Where an order has been made for the sale of immovable property in execution of a decree, and an appeal is pending from such decree, the sale shall, on the application of the judgment-debtor to the Court which made the order, be stayed on such terms as to giving security or otherwise as the Court thinks fit until the appeal is disposed of.

7. No security to be required from the Government or a public officer in certain cases—No such security as is mentioned in rules 5 and 6 shall be required from [the Government] or, where the Government has undertaken the defence of the suit, from any public officer sued in respect of an act alleged to be done by in his official capacity.
8. Exercise of powers in appeal from order made in execution of decree—The powers conferred by rule 5 and 6 shall be exercisable where an appeal may be or has been preferred not from the decree but from an order made in execution of such decree.

Procedure on Admission of Appeal

[9. Registry of memorandum of appeal—(1) The Court from whose decree an appeal lies shall entertain the memorandum of appeal and shall endorse thereon the date of presentation and shall register the appeal in a book of appeal kept for that purpose.

(2) Such book shall be called the register of appeal.]

10. Appellate Court may require appellant to furnish security for costs—(1) The Appellate Court may, in its discretion either before the respondent is called upon to appear and answer or afterwards on the application of the respondent, demand from the appellant security for the costs of the appeal, or of the original suit, or of both:

Where appellant resides out of the State.—Provided that the Court shall demand such security in all cases in which the appellant is residing out of the State, and is not possessed of any sufficient immovable property within the State other than the property (if any) to which the appeal relates.

(2) Where such security is not furnished within such time as the Court orders, the Court shall reject the appeal.

11. Power to dismiss appeal without sending notice to Lower Court—[(1) The Appellate Court after fixing a day for hearing the appellant or his pleader and hearing him accordingly if he appears on that day may dismiss the appeal.]

(2) If on the day fixed or any other day to which the hearing may be adjourned the appellant does not appear when the appeal is called on for hearing, the Court may make an order that the appeal be dismissed.

(3) The dismissal of an appeal under this rule shall be notified to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred.

[(4) Where an Appellate Court, not being the High Court, dismisses an appeal under sub-rule (1), it shall deliver a judgment, recording in brief its grounds for doing so, and a decree shall be drawn up in accordance with the judgment.]

[11-A. Time within which hearing under rule 11 should he concluded—Every appeal shall be heard under rule 11 as expeditiously as possible and endeavour shall be made to conclude such hearing within sixty days from the date on which the memorandum of appeal is filed.]

12. Day for hearing appeal—(1) Unless the Appellate Court dismisses the appeal under rule 11, it shall fix a day for hearing the appeal.

[(2) Such day shall be fixed with reference to the current business of the court.]

[***]

14. Publication and service of notice of day for hearing appeal—(1) Notice of the day fixed under rule 12 shall be affixed in the Appellate Court-house, and a like notice shall be sent by the Appellate Court to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, and shall be served on the respondent or on his pleader in the Appellate Court in the manner provided for the service on a defendant of a summons to appear and answer; and all the provisions applicable to such summons, and to proceedings with reference to the service thereof, shall apply to the service of such notice.

Appellate Court may itself cause notice to be served.—(2) Instead of sending the notice to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, the Appellate Court may itself cause the notice to be served on the respondent or his pleader under the provisions above referred to.

[(3) The notice to be served on the respondent shall be accompanied by a copy of the memorandum of appeal.

(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in sub-rule (1), it shall not be necessary to serve notice of any proceeding incidental to an appeal on any respondent other than person implemented for the first time in the appellate Court, unless he has appeared and filed an address for the service in Court of first instance or has appeared in the appeal.

(5) Nothing in sub-rule (4) shall bar the respondent referred to in the appeal from defending it.]

[***]

Procedure on Hearing

16. Right to begin—(1) On the day fixed, or on any other day to which the hearing may be adjourned, the appellant shall be heard in support of the appeal.

(2) The Court shall then, if it does not dismiss the appeal at once, hear the respondent against the appeal, and in such case the appellant shall be entitled to reply.

17. Dismissal of appeal for appellant's default—(1) Where on the day fixed, or any other day to which the hearing may be adjourned, the appellant does not appear when the appeal is called on for hearing, the Court may make an order that the appeal be dismissed.

[Explanation.—Nothing in this sub-rule shall be construed as empowering the Court to dismiss the appeal on the merits.]

Hearing appeal ex parte.—(2) Where the appellant appears and the respondent does not appear, the appeal shall be heard ex parte.

[...]

19. Re-admission of appeal dismissed for default—Where an appeal is dismissed under rule 11, sub-rule (2) or rule 17, [the appellant may apply to the Appellate Court for the re-admission of the appeal; and, where it is proved that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from appearing when the appeal was called on for hearing on from depositing the sum so required, the Court shall re-admit the appeal on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit].
20. Power to adjourn hearing and direct persons appearing interested to be made respondents—[(1)] Where it appears to the Court at the hearing that any person who was a party to the suit in the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, but who has not been made a party to the appeal, is interested in the result of the appeal, the Court may adjourn the hearing to a future day to be fixed by the Court and direct that such person be made a respondent.

[(2) No respondent shall be added under this rule, after expiry of the period of limitation for appeal, unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, allows that to be done, on such terms as to costs as it thinks fit.]

21. Re-hearing on application of respondent ex parte decree made—Where an appeal is heard ex parte and judgment is pronounced against the respondent, he may apply to the Appellate Court to re-hear the appeal; and, if he satisfies the Court that the notice was not duly served or that he was prevented by sufficient cause from appearing when the appeal was called on for hearing, the Court shall re-hear the appeal on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit to impose upon him.
22. Upon hearing respondent may object to decree as if he had preferred separate appeal—(1) Any respondent, though he may not have appealed from any part of the decree, may not only support the decree [but may also state that the finding against him in the Court below in respect of any issue ought to have been in his favour; and may also take any cross-objection] to the decree which he could have taken by way of appeal, provided he has filed such objection in the Appellate Court within one month from the date of service on him or his pleader of notice of the day fixed for hearing the appeal, or within such further time as the Appellate Court may see fit to allow].

[Explanation.—A respondent aggrieved by a finding of the Court in the judgment on which the decree appealed against is based may, under this rule, file cross-objection in respect of the decree in so far as it is based on that finding, notwithstanding that by reason of the decision of the Court on any other finding which is sufficient for the decision of the suit, the decree, is, wholly or in part, in favour of that respondent.]

(2) Form of objection and provisions applicable thereto.—Such cross-objection shall be in the form of a memorandum, and the provisions of rule 1 so far as they relate to the form and contents of the memorandum of appeal, shall apply thereto.

Sub-rule [***]

(4) Where, in any case in which any respondent has under this rule filed a memorandum of objection, the original appeal is withdrawn or is dismissed for default, the objection so filed may nevertheless be heard and determined after such notice to the other parties as the Court thinks fit.

(5) The provisions relating to pauper appeals shall, so far as they can be made applicable, apply to an objection under this rule.

23. Remand of cause by Appellate Court—Where the Court from whose decree an appeal is preferred has disposed of the suit upon a preliminary point and the decree is reversed in appeal, the Appellate Court may, if it thinks fit, by order remand the case, and may further direct what issue or issues shall be tried in the case so remanded, and shall send a copy of its judgment and order to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, with direction to re-admit the suit under its original number in the register of civil suits, and proceed to determine the suit; and the evidence (if any) recorded during the original trial shall, subject to all just exceptions, be evidence during the trial after remand.

[23-A. Remand in other cases—Where the Court from whose decree an appeal is preferred has disposed of the case otherwise than on a preliminary point, and the decree is reversed in appeal and a retrial is considered necessary, the Appellate Court shall have the same powers as it has under rule 23.]

24. Where evidence on record sufficient, Appellate Court may determine case finally—Where the evidence upon the record is sufficient to enable the Appellate Court to pronounce judgment, the Appellate Court may, after resettling the issues, if necessary, finally determine the suit notwithstanding that the judgment of the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred has proceeded wholly upon some ground other than that on which the appellate Court proceeds.
25. Where Appellate Court may frame issues and refer them for trial to Court whose decree appealed from—Where the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred has omitted to frame or try any issue, or to determine any question of fact, which appears to the Appellate Court essential to the right decision of the suit upon the merits, the Appellate Court may, if necessary, frame issues, and refer the same for trial to the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, and in such case shall direct such Court to take the additional evidence required;

and such Court shall proceed to try such issues, and shall return the evidence to the Appellate Court together with its findings thereon and the reasons therefor [within such time as may be fixed by the Appellate Court or extended by it from time to time.]

26. Findings and evidence to be put on record. Objections to finding—(1) Such evidence and findings shall form part of the record in the suit; and either party may, within a time to be fixed by the Appellate Court, present a memorandum of objections to any finding.

Determination of appeal.—(2) After the expiration of the period so fixed for presenting such memorandum the Appellate Court shall proceed to determine the appeal.

[26-A. Order of remand to mention date of next hearing —

Where the Appellate Court remands a case under rule 23 or rule 23-A, or frames issues and refers them for trial under rule 25, it shall fix a date for the appearance of the parties before the Court form whose decree the appeal was preferred for the purpose of receiving the directions of that Court as to further proceedings in the suit.]

27. Production of additional evidence in Appellate Court—(1) The parties to an appeal shall not be entitled to produce additional evidence, whether oral or documentary, in the Appellate Court. But if-

(a) the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred has refused to admit evidence which ought to have been admitted, or

(aa) the party seeking to produce additional evidence, establishes that notwithstanding the exercise of due diligence, such evidence was not within his knowledge or could not, after the exercise of due diligence, be produced by him at the time when the decree appealed against was passed, or

(b) the Appellate Court requires any document to be produced or any witness to be examined to enable it to pronounce judgment, or for any other substantial cause, the Appellate court may allow such evidence or document to be produced, or witness to be examined.

(2) Wherever additional evidence is allowed to be produced by an Appellate Court, the Court shall record the reason for its admission.

28. Mode of taking additional evidence—Wherever additional evidence is allowed to be produced, the Appellate Court may either take such evidence, or direct the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, or any other subordinate Court, to take such evidence and to send it when taken to the Appellate Court.
29. Points to be defined and recorded—Where additional evidence is directed or allowed to be taken, the Appellate Court shall specify the points to which the evidence is to be confined, and record on its proceedings the points so specified.

Judgment in Appeal

30. Judgment when and where pronounced—[(1)] The Appellate Court, after hearing the parties or their pleaders and referring to any part of the proceedings, whether on appeal or in the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, to which reference may be considered necessary, shall pronounce judgment in open Court, either at once or on some future day of which notice shall be given to the parties or their pleaders.

[(2) Where a written judgment is to be pronounced, it shall be sufficient if the points for determination, the decision thereon and the final order passed in the appeal are read out and; it shall not be necessary for the Court to read out the whole judgment, but a copy of the whole judgment shall be made available for the perusal of the parties or their pleaders immediately after the judgment is pronounced.]

31. Contents, date and signature of judgment—The judgment of the Appellate Court shall be in writing and shall state

(a) the points for determination;

(b) the decision thereon;

(c) the reasons for the decision; and,

(d) where the decree appealed from is reversed or varied, the relief to which the appellant is entitled;

and shall at the time that it is pronounced be signed and dated by Judge or by the Judges concurring therein.

32. What judgment may direct—The judgment may be for confirming, varying or reversing the decree from which the appeal is preferred, or, if the parties to the appeal agree as to the form which the decree in appeal shall take, or as to the order to be made in appeal, the Appellate Court may pass a decree or make an order accordingly.
33. Power of Court of Appeal—The Appellate Court shall have power to pass any decree and make any order which ought to have been passed or made and to pass or make such further or other decree or order as the case may require, and this power may be exercised by the Court notwithstanding that the appeal is as to part only of the decree and may be exercised in favour of all or any of the respondents or parties, although such respondents or parties may not have filed any appeal or objection [and may, where there have been decreed in cross-suits or where two or more decrees are passed in one suit, be exercised in respect of all or any of the decree, although an appeal may not have been filed against such decree]:

[Provided that the Appellate Court shall not make any order under section 35-A, in pursuance of any objection on which the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred has omitted or refused to make such order.]

Illustration

A claims a sum of money as due to him from X or Y in a suit against both obtain a decree against X. X appeals and A and Y are respondents. The Appellate Court decides in favour of X. It has power to pass a decree against Y.

[34. Dissent to be recorded—Where the appeal is heard by more Judges than one, any Judge dissenting from the judgment of the Court shall state in writing the decision or order which he thinks should be passed on the appeal, and he may state his reasons for the same.]

Decree in Appeal

35. Date and contents of decree—(1) The decree of the Appellate Court shall bear date, the day on which the judgment was pronounced.

(2) The decree shall contain the number of the appeal, the names and descriptions of the appellant and respondent, and a clear specification of the relief granted or other adjudication made.

(3) The decree shall also state the amount of costs incurred in the appeal, and by whom, or out of what property, and in what proportions such costs and the costs in the suit are to be paid.

[(4) The decree shall be signed and dated by the Judge or Judges who passed it:

Provided that where there are more Judges than one and there is a difference of opinion among them, it shall not be necessary for any Judge dissenting from the Judgment of the Court to sign the decree.]

36. Copies of judgment and decree to be furnished to parties—Certified copies of the judgment and decree in appeal shall be furnished to the parties on application to the Appellate Court and at their expense.
37. Certified copy of decree to be sent to Court whose decree appealed from—A copy of the judgment and of the decree, certified by the Appellate Court or such officer as it appoints in this behalf, shall be sent to the Court which passed the decree appealed from and shall be filed with the original proceedings in the suit, and an entry of the judgment of the Appellate Court shall be made in the register of civil suits.

Order XLII, (R, 1-3).

Appeals from Appellate Decrees

1. Procedure—The rules or Order XLI shall apply, so far as may be, to appeals from appellate decrees. The appellant shall, in addition to the copies of the decree and judgment appealed from, also file a copy of the judgment of the Court of first instance.

[2. Power of Court to direct that the appeal be heard on the question formulated by it—At the time of making an order under rule 11 of Order XLI for the hearing of a second appeal, the Court shall formulate the substantial question of law as required by section 100, and in doing so, the Court may direct that the second appeal be heard on the question so formulated and it shall not be open to the appellant to urge any other ground in the appeal without the leave of the Court, given in accordance with the provision of section 100.

3. Application of rule 14 of Order XLI—Reference in sub-rule (4) of rule 14 of Order XLI to the Court of first instance shall, in the case of an appeal from an appellate decree or order, be construed as a reference to the Court to which the appeal was preferred from the original decree or order.]

Order XLIII (R,1-2).

Appeals from Orders

1. Appeals from orders—An appeal shall lie from the following orders under the provisions of section 104, namely:-

(a) an order under rule 10 of Order VII returning a plaint to be presented to the proper Court 1. Inserted by Act XI of 1983, Section 83 w.e.f. 15-08-1983.[except where the procedure specified in rule 10-A of Order VII has been followed];

[(b) ***];

(c) an order under rule 9 of Order IX rejecting an application (in a case open to appeal) for an order to set aside the dismissal of a suit;

(d) an order under rule 13 of Order IX rejecting an application (in a case open to appeal ) for an order to set aside a decree passed ex parte;

[(e)***];

(f) an order under rule 21 of Order XI;

[(g)***];

[(h)***];

(i) an order under rule 34 of Order XXI on an objection to the draft of a document or of an endorsement;

(ii) an order under sub-rule (2), rule 11 of Order XX passed without the consent of the parties;

(j) an order under rule 72 or rule 92 of Order XXI setting aside or refusing to set aside a sale;

[(j-a) an order rejecting an application made under sub-rule (1) of rule 106 of Order XXI, provided that an order on the original application, that is to say, the application referred to in sub-rule (1) of rule 105 of that Order is appealable;]

[(jj) and order passed by any Court other than the High Court under Order XXI (A) in the exercise of insolvency jurisdiction];

(k) an order under rule 9 of Order XXII refusing to set aside the abatement or dismissal of a suit;

(1) an order under rule 10 of Order XXII giving or refusing to give leave;

[(m)] Omitted;

(n) an order under rule 2 of Order XXV rejecting an application (in a case open to appeal) for an order to set aside the dismissal of a suit;

[(n-a) an order under rule 5 or rule 7 of Order XXXIII rejecting an application for permission to sue as an indigent person];

[(o) Omitted;]

(oo) an order under rule 5 of Order XXXIII rejecting an application for permission to sue as a pauper;

(p) orders in inter-pleader suits under rule3, rule 4 or rule 6 of Order XXXV;

(q) an order under rule 2, rule 3 or rule 6 of Order XXXVIII;

(r) an order under rule 1, rule 2, [rule 2 (a)] , rule 4 or rule 10 of Order MIX;

(s) an order under rule 1 or rule 4 of Order XL;

(t) an order of refusal under rule 19 of Order XLI to re-admit, or under rule 21 of Order XLI to re-hear, an appeal;

(u) an order under rule 23 [or rule 23-A] of Order XLI remanding a case, where an appeal would lie from the decree of the Appellate Court;

(v) Omitted;

(w) an order under rule 4 of Order XLVII granting an application for review.

[1-A. Right to challenge non-appealable orders in appeal against decree—(1) Where any order is made under this Code against a party and thereupon any judgment is pronounced against such party and a decree is drawn up, such party may, in an appeal against the decree, contend that such party should not have been made and the judgment should not have been pronounced.

(2) In an appeal against a decree passed in a suit after recording a compromise or refusing to record a compromise, it shall be open to the

appellant to contest the decree on the ground that the compromise should or should not, have been recorded.]

2. Procedure—The rules of Order XLI shall apply, so far as may be, to appeals from orders.

Order XLIV (R, 1-3).

[Appeals by Indigent Persons]

1. Who may appeal [as an indigent person]—Any person entitled to prefer an appeal, who is unable to pay the fee required for the memorandum of appeal, may present an application accompanied by a memorandum of appeal, and may be allowed to appeal as an [indigent person]subject, in all matters, including the presentation of such application, to the provisions relating to suits by [indigent persons] in so far as those provisions are applicable.

[xxx]

2. Grant of time for payment of Court-fee—Where an application is rejected under rule 1, the Court may, while rejecting the application, allow the applicant to pay the requisite Court-fee, within such time as may be fixed by the Court or extended by it from time to time; and upon such payment, the memorandum of appeal in respect of which such fee is payable shall have the same force and effect as if such fee had been paid in the first instance.
3. Inquiry as to whether applicant is an indigent person—(1) Where an applicant, referred to in rule 1, was allowed to sue or appeal as an indigent person in the Court from whose decree the appeal is preferred, no further inquiry in respect of the question whether or not he is an indigent person shall be necessary if the applicant has made an affidavit stating that he has not ceased to be an indigent person since the date of the decree appealed from; but if the Government Pleader or the respondent disputes the truth of the statement made in such affidavit, an inquiry into the question aforesaid shall be held by the Appellate Court, or, under the orders of the Appellate Court, by an officer of that Court.

(2) Where the applicant, referred to in rule 11, is alleged to have become an indigent person since the date of the decree appealed from, the inquiry into the question whether or not he is an indigent person shall be made by the Appellate Court, or, under the orders of the Appellate Court by an officer of that Court unless the Appellate Court considers it necessary in the circumstances of the case that the inquiry should be held by the Court from whose decision the appeal is preferred.

[Order XLV (R, 1-17)].

Appeals to the Supreme Court

1. Decree defined—In this Order, unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context, the expression "decree" shall include a final order.
2. Application to the High Court—[(1)] Whoever desires to appeal to the Supreme Court shall apply by petition to the High Court in this behalf.

[(2) Every petition under sub-rule (1) shall be heard as expeditiously as possible and endeavour shall be made to conclude the disposal of the petition within sixty days from the date on which the petition is presented to the Court under sub-rule (1).]

3. Certificate as to value or fitness—(1) Every petition shall state the grounds of appeal and pray for a certificate either that, as regards amount or value and nature, the case fulfils the requirements of section 110, or that it is otherwise a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court.

(2) Upon receipt of such petition, the High Court shall direct notice to be served on the opposite party to show cause why the said certificate should not be granted.

4. Consolidation of suits—For the purposes of pecuniary valuation, suits involving substantially the same questions for determination and decided by the same judgment may be consolidated; but suits decided by separate judgments shall not be consolidated, notwithstanding that they involve substantially the same questions for determination.
5. Remission of dispute to Court of first instance—In the event of any dispute arising between the parties as to the amount or value of the subject-matter of the suit in the Court of first instance, or as to the amount or value of the subject matter in dispute on appeal to the Supreme Court, the High Court may, if it thinks fit, refer such dispute for report to the Court of first instance, which last-mentioned Court shall proceed to determine such amount or value and shall return its report together with the evidence to the High Court.
6. Effect of refusal of certificate—Where such certificate is refused, the petition shall be dismissed.
7. Security and deposit required on grant of certificate—(1) Where the certificate is granted, the applicant shall within ninety days or such further period, not exceeding sixty days, as the High Court may upon cause shown, allow from the date of the decree complained of, or within six weeks from the date of the grant of the certificate, whichever is the later date,-

(a) furnish security in case or in Government securities for the costs of the respondent, and

(b) deposit the amount required of defray the expense of translating, transcribing, indexing, printing and transmitting to the Supreme Court a correct copy of the whole record of the suit, except

(1) formal documents directed to be excluded by any Rule of the Supreme Court in force for the time being;

(2) papers which the parties agree to exclude;

(3) accounts, or portions of accounts, which the officer empowered by the High Court for that purpose considers unnecessary, and which the parties have not specifically asked to be included; and

(4) such other documents as the High Court may direct to be excluded:

Provided that the High Court at the time of granting the certificate may, after hearing any opposite party who appears order on the ground of special hardship that some other form of security may be furnished:

Provided further, that no adjournment shall be granted to an opposite party to contest the nature of such security.

8. Admission of appeal and procedure thereon—Where such security has been furnished and deposit made to the satisfaction of the High Court, the High Court shall-

(a) declare the appeal admitted,

(b) give notice thereof to the respondent,

(c) transmit to the Supreme Court under the seal of the High Court a correct copy of the said record, except as aforesaid, and

(d) give to either party one or more authenticated copies of any of the papers in the suit on his applying therefor and paying the reasonable expenses incurred in preparing them.

9. Revocation of acceptance of security— At any time before the admission of the appeal the High Court may, upon cause shown, revoke the acceptance of any such security, and make further directions thereon.
10. Power to dispense with notice in case of deceased parties—Nothing in these rules requiring any notice to be served on or given to an opposite party or respondent shall be deemed to require any notice to be served on or given to the legal representative of any deceased opposite party or deceased respondent in a case, where such opposite party or respondent did not appear either at the hearing in the High Court in connection with the decree complained of or at any proceedings subsequent to such decree:

Provided that notices under sub-rule (2) of rule 3 and under rule 8 shall be given by affixing the same in some conspicuous place in the Court-house of the Judge of the District in which the suit was originally brought, and by publication in such newspapers as the High Court may direct.

11. Power to order further security or payment—Where at any time after the admission of an appeal but before the transmission of the copy of the record, except as aforesaid, to the Supreme Court, such security appears inadequate,

or further payment is required for the purpose of translating, transcribing, printing, indexing or transmitting the copy of the record, except as aforesaid,

the High Court may order the appellant to furnish, within a time to be fixed by the High Court, other and sufficient security, or to make, within like time, the required payment.

12. Effect of failure to comply with order—Where the appellant fails to comply with such order, the proceedings shall be stayed; and the appeal shall not proceed without an order in this behalf of the Supreme Court, and in the meantime execution of the decree appealed from shall not be stayed.
13. Refund of balance deposit—When the copy of the record, except as aforesaid, has been transmitted to the Supreme Court the appellant may obtain a refund of the balance (if any) of the amount which he has deposited under rule 7.
14. Powers of Court pending appeal—(1) Notwithstanding the grant of a certificate for the admission of any appeal, the decree appealed from shall be unconditionally executed, unless the High Court otherwise directs.

(2) The High Court may, if it thinks fit, on special cause shown by any party interested in the suit, or otherwise appearing to the High Court—

(a) impound any movable property in dispute or any part thereof, or

(b) allow the decree appealed from to be executed, taking such security from the respondent as the High Court thinks fit for the due performance of any order which the Supreme Court may make on the appeal, or

(c) stay the execution of the decree appealed from, taking such security from the appellant as the High Court thinks fit for the due performance of the decree appealed from, or of any decree or order which the Supreme Court may make on the appeal, or

(d) place any party seeking the assistance of the High Court under such conditions or give such other direction respecting the subject-matter of the appeal, as it thinks fit, by the appointment of a receiver or otherwise.

15. Increase of security found inadequate—(1) Where at any time during the pendency of the appeal the security furnished by either party appears inadequate, the High Court may, on the application of the other party, require further security.

(2) In default of such further security being furnished as required by the High Court,

(a) if the original security was furnished by the appellant, the High Court may, on the application of the respondent, execute the decree appealed from as if the appellant had furnished no such security;

(b) if the original security was furnished by the respondent, the High Court shall, so far as may be practicable, stay the further execution of the decree, and restore the parties to the position in which they respectively were when the security which appears inadequate was furnished, or give such direction respecting the subject-matter of the appeal as it thinks fit.

16. Procedure to enforce orders of the Supreme Court—(1) Whoever desires to obtain execution of any decree or order of the Supreme Court shall apply by petition, accompanied by a certified copy of the decree passed or order made in appeal and sought to be executed, to the High Court.

(2) The High Court shall transmit the order of the Supreme Court to the Court which passed the first decree appealed from, or to such other Court as the Supreme Court by such order may direct, and shall (upon the application of either party) give such directions as may be required for the execution of the same; and the Court to which the said decree or order is so transmitted shall execute it accordingly in the manner and according to the provisions applicable to the execution of its original decrees.

(3) Unless the Supreme Court otherwise directs, no decree or order of that Court shall be inoperative on the ground that no notice has been served on or given to the legal representative of any deceased opposite party or deceased respondent in a case, where such opposite party or respondent did not appear either at the hearing in the High Court in connection with the decree complained of or at any proceedings subsequent to such decree but such order shall have the same force and effect as if it had been made before the death took place.

17. Appeal from order relating to execution—The orders made by the Court which executes the decree or order of the Supreme Court, relating to such execution, shall be appealable in the same manner and subject to the same rules as the orders of such Court relating to the execution of its own decrees.

Order XLVI (R,1- 7).

Reference

1. Reference of question to High Court—Where, before or on the hearing of a suit or an appeal in which the decree is not subject to appeal, or where, in the execution of any such decree, any question of law or usage having the force of law arises, on which the Court trying the suit or appeal, or executing the decree, entertains reasonable doubt, the Court may, either of its own motion or on the application of any of the parties, draw up a statement of the facts of the case and the point on which doubt is entertained and refer such statement with its own opinion on the point for the decision of the High Court.
2. Court may pass decree contingent upon decision of High Court—The Court may either stay the proceedings or proceed in the case notwithstanding such reference and may pass a decree or make an order contingent upon the decision of the High Court on the point referred;

but no decree or order shall be executed in any case in which such reference is made until the receipt of a copy of the judgment of the High Court upon the reference.

3. Judgment of High Court to be transmitted, and case disposed of accordingly—The High Court, after hearing the parties if they appear and desire to be heard, shall decide the point so referred, and shall transmit a copy of its judgment, under the signature of the Registrar, to the Court by which the reference was made, and such Court shall, on the receipt thereof, proceed to dispose of the case in conformity with the decision of the High Court.
4. Cost of reference to High Court—The costs (if any) consequent on a reference for the decision of the High Court shall be costs in the case.

[4-A.—The provisions of rules 2,3 and 4 shall apply to any reference by the Court under the proviso to section 113 as they apply to a reference under rule 1.]

5. Power to alter, etc. decree of Court making reference—Where a case is referred to the High Court under rule 1 [or under the proviso to section 113]the High Court may return the case for amendment, and may alter, cancel or set aside any decree or order which the Court making the reference has passed or made in the case out of which the reference arose and make such order as it thinks fit.
6. Power to refer to High Court questions as to jurisdiction in small causes—(1) Where at any time before judgment a Court in which a suit has been instituted doubts whether the suit is cognizable by a Court of Small Causes or is not so cognizable, it may submit the record to the High Court with a statement of its reasons for the doubt as to the nature of the suit.

(2) On receiving record and statement, the High Court may order the Court either to proceed with the suit or to return the plaint for presentation to such other Court as it may in its order declare to be competent to take cognizance of the suit.

7. Power to District Court to submit for revision proceedings had under mistake as to jurisdiction in small causes—(1) Where it appears to a District Court that a Court subordinate thereto has, by reason of erroneously holding a suit to be cognizable by a Court of Small Causes or not to be so cognizable failed to exercise a jurisdiction vested in it by law, or exercised a jurisdiction not so vested, the District Court may, and if required by a party shall, submit the record to the High Court with a statement of its reasons for considering the opinion of the subordinate Court with respect to the nature of the suit to be erroneous.

(2) On receiving the record and statement the High Court may make such order in the case as it thinks fit.

(3) With respect to any proceedings subsequent to decree in any case submitted to the High Court under this rule, the High Court may make such order as in the circumstances appears to it to be just and proper.

(4) A Court subordinate to a District Court shall comply with any requisition which the District Court may make for any record or information for the purpose of this rule.

Order XLVII (R, 1-9).

Review

1. Application for review of judgment—(1) Any person considering himself aggrieved

(a) by a decree or order from which an appeal is allowed, but from which no appeal has been preferred,

(b) by a decree or order from which no appeal is allowed, or

(c) by a decision on a reference from a Court of Small Causes,

and who, from the discovery of new and important matter or evidence which, after the exercise of due diligence, was not within his knowledge or could not be produced by him at the time when the decree was passed or order made, or on account of some mistake or error apparent on the face of the record or for any other sufficient reason, desires to obtain a review of the decree passed or order made against him, may apply for a review of judgment to the Court which passed the decree or made the order.

(2) A party who is not appealing from a decree or order may apply for a review of judgment notwithstanding the pendency of an appeal by some other party except where the ground of such appeal is common to the applicant and the appellant, or when, being respondent, he can present to the Appellate Court the case on which he applies for the review.

[Explanation.—The fact that the decision on a question of law on which the judgment of the Court is based has been reversed or modified by the subsequent decision of a superior Court in any other case, shall not be a ground for the review of such judgment].

2. To whom applications for review may be made—An application for review of a decree or order of a Court, not being the High Court, upon some ground other than the discovery of such new and important matter or evidence as is referred to in rule 1 or the existence of a clerical or arithmetical mistake or error apparent on the face of the decree, shall be made only to the judge who passed the decree or made the order sought to be reviewed; but any such application may, if the Judge who passed the decree or made the order has ordered notice to issue under rule 4, sub-rule (2), proviso (a), be disposed of by his successor.
3. Form of applications for review—The provisions as to the form of preferring appeals shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to applications for review.
4. Application where rejected—(1) Where it appears to the Court that there is not sufficient ground for a review, it shall reject the application.

(2) Application where granted.—Where the Court is of opinion that the application for review should be granted, it shall grant the same:

Provided that

(a) no such application shall be granted without previous notice to the opposite party, to enable him to appear and be heard in support of the decree or order, a review of which is applied; and

(b) no such application shall be granted on the ground of discovery of new matter or evidence which the applicant alleges was not within his knowledge, or could not be adduced by the decree or order was passed or made, without strict proof of such allegation.

[5. Application for review in Court consisting of two or more Judges—Where the Judge or Judges or any one of the Judges, who passed the decree or made the order, a review of which is applied for, continues or continue attached to the Court at the time when the application for a review is presented, and is not or are not precluded by absence or other cause for a period of six months next after the application from considering the decree or order to which the application refers, such Judge or Judges or any of them shall hear the application, and no other Judge or Judges of the Court shall hear the same.

6. Application where rejected—(1) Where the application for a review is heard by more than one Judge and the Court is equally divided, the application shall be rejected.

(2) Where there is a majority, the decision shall be according to the opinion of the majority].

7. Order of rejection not appealable—Objections to order granting application:-

[(1) An order of the Court rejecting the application shall not be appealable, but an order granting an application may be objected to at once by an appeal from the order granting the application or in an appeal from the decree or order finally passed or made in the suit].

(2) Where the application has been rejected in consequence of the failure or the applicant to appear, he may apply for an order to have the rejected application restored to the file, and, where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from appearing when such application was called on for hearing, the Court shall order it to be restored to the file upon such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit, and shall appoint a day for hearing the same.

(3) No order shall be made under sub-rule (2) unless notice of the application has been served on the opposite party.

8. Registry of application granted, and order for re-hearing—When an application for review is granted, a note thereof shall be made in the register and the Court may at once re-hear the case or make such order in regard to the re-hearing as it thinks fit.
9. Bar of certain applications—No application to review an order made on an application for review or a decree or order passed or made on a review shall be entertained.

Order XLVIII (R. 1-3)

Miscellaneous

1. Process to be served at expense of party issuing—(1) Every process issued under this Code shall be served at the expense of the party on whose behalf it is issued, unless the Court otherwise directs.

Costs of service.—(2) The Court-fee chargeable for such service shall be paid within a time to be fixed before the process is issued.

2. Orders and notices how served—All orders, notices and other documents required by this Code to be given to or served on any person shall be served in the manner provided for the service of summons.
3. Use of forms in appendices—The forms given in the appendices, with such variation as the circumstances of each case may require, shall be used for the purposes therein mentioned.

[Order XLIX (R,1-3).

The High Court

1. Who may serve processes of High Court—Notice to produce documents, summons to witnesses, and every other judicial process issued in the exercise of the original civil jurisdiction of the High Court, and of its testamentary and intestate jurisdictions, except summonses to defendants, writs of execution and notices to respondents, may be served by the attorneys in the suits, or by persons employed by them, or by such other persons as the High Court, by any rule or order, directs.
2. Rules already in force affected—Nothing in this Schedule shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any rules in force at the commencement of this Code for the taking of evidence or the recording of judgments and orders by the High Court.
3. Application of rules—The following rules shall not apply to the High Court in the exercise of its ordinary or extraordinary original civil jurisdiction, namely:

(1) rule 10 and rule 11, clauses (b) and (c), of Order VII;

(2) rule 3 of Order X;

(3) rule 2 of Order XVI;

(4) rules 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (so far as relates to the manner of taking evidence) of Order XVIII;

(5) rules 1 to 8 of Order XX; and

(6) rule 7 of Order XXXIII (so far as relates to the making of a memorandum);

and rule 35 Order XLI shall not apply to the High Court in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction.].

Order L

Small Cause Courts

1. Small Cause Courts—The provisions hereinafter specified shall not extend to Courts constituted under the Small Cause Courts Act, or to Courts exercising the jurisdiction of a Court of Small Causes under that Act, that is to say-

(a) so much of this Schedule as relates to

(i) suits excepted from the cognizance of a Court of Small Causes or the execution of decrees in such suits;

(ii) the execution of decrees against immovable property or the interest of a partner in partnership property;

(iii) the settlement of issues; and

(b) the following rules and orders,

Order II, rule 1 (frame of suit);

Order X, rule 3 (record of examination of parties);

Order XV, except so much of rule 4 as provides for the pronouncement at once of judgment;

Order XVIII, rules 5 to 12 (evidence);

Order XLI to XLV (appeals);

Order XLVII, rules 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 (review).

Order LI.

[Omitted]

Appendix A

Pleadings

Titles of suits

In the Court of

A.B. (add description and residence) ............. Plaintiff,

Against

C.D. (add description and residence) ............. Defendant.

(2) Description of Parties in particular Cases.

1. [The State of Jammu and Kashmir].
2. [2. The Plaintiff has obtained the leave of the Court for the institution of this suit].

[Not applicable where suit is instituted by the Advocate General.] [As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]

5. The plaintiff claims

(1) a declaration that the defendant is not entitled to obstruct the passage of the public along the said public road;

(2) an injunction restraining the defendant from obstructing the passage of the public along the said public road and directing the defendant to remove the earth and stones wrongfully heaped up as afore said.

No. 38.

Injunction against the diversion of a water-course

(Title)

A.B., the above named plaintiff, states as follows:-

[As in Form No. 27.]

The plaintiff claims that the defendant be restrained by injunction from

diverting the water as aforesaid.

No. 39.

Restoration of movable property threatened with destruction, and for an Injunction.

(Title)

A.B., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows:-

1. Plaintiff is, and at all times hereinafter mentioned was, the owner of (a portrait of his grand-father which was executed by an eminent painter), and of which no duplicate exists (or state any facts showing that the property is of a kind that cannot be replaced by money).
2. On the ............. day of ............. 19 ............., he deposited the same for safe-keeping with the defendant.
3. On the ............. day of 19 , he demanded the same from the defendant and offered to pay all reasonable charges for the storage of the same.
4. The defendant refuses to deliver the same to the plaintiff and threatened to conceal, dispose of, cut or injure the same if required to deliver it up.
5. No pecuniary compensation would be an adequate compensation to the plaintiff for the loss of the (painting).

[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]

8. The plaintiff claims-

(1) that the defendant be restrained by injunction from disposing of, injuring or concealing the said (painting);

(2) that he be compelled to deliver the same to the plaintiff.

No. 40.

Interpleader.

(Title).

A.B., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows:-

1. Before the date of the claims hereinafter mentioned G.H. deposited with the plaintiff (describe the property) for (safe-keeping).
2. The defendant C.D. claims the same (under an alleged assignment thereof to him from G.H.)
3. The defendant E.F. also claims the same (under an order of G.H. transferring the same to him.)
4. The plaintiff is ignorant of the respective rights of the defendants.
5. He has no claim on the said property other than for charges and costs, and is ready and willing to deliver it to such persons as the Court shall direct.
6. The suit is not brought by collusion with either of the defendants.

[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]

9. The plaintiff claims-

(1) that the defendants be restrained, by injunction from taking any proceedings against the plaintiff in relation thereto;

(2) that they be required to interplead together concerning their claims to the said property;

(3) that some person be authorised to receive the said property pending such litigation;

(4) that upon delivering the same to such [person] the plaintiff be discharged from all liability to either of the defendants in relation thereto.

No. 41.

Administration by creditor on behalf of himself and all other creditors.

(Title).

A.B., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows:-

1. E.F., late of ..........., was at the time of his death, and his estate still is, indebted to the plaintiff in the sum of [here insert nature of debit and security, if any.]
2. E.F., died on or about the ............. day of ............. .By his last will, dated the............. day of ............. he appointed C.D. his executor [or devised his estate in trust, etc., or died intestate, as the case may be.]
3. The will was proved by C.D.[or letters of administration were granted, etc.]
4. The defendant has possessed himself of the movable [and immovable, or proceeds of the immovable] property of E.F., and has not paid the plaintiff his debt.

[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]

7. The plaintiff claims that an account may be taken of the movable [and immovable] property of E.F., deceased, and that the same may be administered under the decree of the Court.

No. 42.

Administration by specific legatee.

(Title)

[Alter Form No. 41 thus]

[Omit paragraph 1 and commence paragraph 2] E.F., late of ............., died on or about the ............. day of ............. By his last will, dated the ............. day of he appointed, C.D. his executor, and bequeathed to the plaintiff [here state the specific legacy.]

For paragraph, 4, substitute-

The defendant is in possession of the movable property of E.F., and, amongst other things, of the said [here name the subject of the specific bequest.]

For the commencement of paragraph 7, substitute-

The plaintiff claims that the defendant may be ordered to deliver to him the said [here name the subject of the specific bequest], or that, etc.

No. 43.

Administration by pecuniary legatee.

(Title).

Alter Form No. 41 thus-

[Omit paragraph 1 and substitute for paragraph 2]E.F., late of ............. died on or about the ............. day of ............. By his last will dated the ............. day of ............. he appointed C.D. his ............. executor, and bequeathed to the plaintiff a legacy of ............. rupees.

In paragraph 4, substitute "legacy" for "debt".

Another Form.

(Title).

E.F., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows:-

1. A.B. of K. in the died on the ............. day of ............. By a last will, dated ............. day of ............., he appointed the defendant and M.N.[who died in the testator's lifetime] his executors, and bequeathed his property, whether movable or immovable, to his executors, in trust, to pay the rents and income thereof to the plaintiff for his life; and after his decease, and in default of his having a son who should attain twenty-one or a daughter who should attain that age or marry, upon trust as to his immovable property for the person who would be the testator's heir-at-law, and as to his movable property for the persons who would be the testator's next-of-kin if he had died intestate at the time of the death of the plaintiff, and such failure of his issue as aforesaid.
2. The will was proved by the defendant on the day of ............. The plaintiff has not been married.
3. The testator was at his death entitled to movable and immovable property; the defendant entered into the receipt of the rents of the immovable property and got in the movable property; he has sold some part of the immovable property.

[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]

6. The plaintiff claims-

(1) to have the movable and immovable property of A.B. administered in this Court, and for that purpose to have all proper directions given and accounts taken;

(2) such further or other relief as the nature of the case may require.

No. 44.

Execution of trusts.

A.B., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows :-

1. He is one of the trustees under an instrument of settlement bearing date on or about the ............ day of ............ made upon the marriage of E.F. and G.H., the father and mother of the defendant [or an instrument of transfer of the estate and effects of E.F. for the benefit of C.D., the defendant, and the other creditors of E.F.]
2. A.B. has taken upon himself the burden of the said trust, and is in possession of For of the proceeds of] the movable and immovable property transferred by the said instrument.
3. C.D. claims to be entitled to a beneficial interest under the instrument.

[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]

6. The plaintiff is desirous to account for all the rents and profits of the said immovable property [and the proceed of the sale of the said, or of part of the said, immovable property, or movable, or the proceeds of the sale of, or of part of, the said movable property, or the profits accruing to the plaintiff as such trustee in the execution of the said trust]; and he prays that the Court will take the accounts of the said trust, and also that the whole of the said trust estate may be administered in the Court for the benefit of C.D. the defendant, and all other persons who may be interested in such administration in the presence of C.D. and such other person so interested as the Court may direct, or that C.D. may show good cause to the contrary.

[N.B. — Where the suit is by a beneficiary, the plaint may be modeled, mutatis mutandis, on the plaint by a legatee.]

No. 45

Foreclosure or sale.

(Title).

A.B., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows:-

1. The plaintiff is mortgagee of lands belonging to the defendant.
2. The following are the particulars of the mortgagee:

(a) (date);

(b) (names of mortgagor and mortgagee);

(c) (sum secured);

(d) (rate of interest);

(e) (property subject to mortgage);

(f) (amount now due);

(g) (if the plaintiff's title is derivative, state shortly the transfer or devolution under which he claims);

[If the plaintiff is mortgagee in possession, add]

3. The plaintiff took possession of the mortgaged property on the ............ Day of and is ready to account as mortgagee in possession from that time.]

[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]

6. The plaintiff claims-

(1) payment or in default [sale or] foreclosure [and possession]; [Where order 34 rule 6, applies.]

(2) in case the proceeds of the sale are found to be insufficient to pay the amount due to the plaintiff, then that liberty be reserved to the plaintiff to apply for l. Substituted by Act XI of 1983 S.87 w.e.f. 15-08-1983.[an order for the balance].

No. 46.

Redemption.

(Title).

A.B., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows:-

1. The plaintiff is mortgagor of lands of which the defendant is mortgagee.
2. The following are the particulars of the mortgage:

(a) (date);

(b) (names of mortgagor and mortgagee);

(c) (sum secured);

(d) (rate of interest);

(e) (property subject to mortgage);

(f) (if the plaintiffs title is derivative, state shortly the transfers or devolution under which he claims.)

(If the defendant is mortgagee in possession, add.)

3. The defendant has taken possession [or has received the rents] of the mortgaged property.

[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No.1]

6. The plaintiff claims to redeem the said property and to have the same reconveyed to him [and to have possession thereof [together with mesne profits)]

No. 47.

Specific performance (No.1).

(Title)

A.B., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows:-

1. By an agreement dated the ............. day of ............. and signed by the defendant, he contracted to by of [or sell to ] the plaintiff certain immovable property therein described and referred to, for the sum of ............. rupees.
2. The plaintiff has applied to the defendant specifically to perform the agreement on his part, but the defendant has not done so.
3. The plaintiff has been and still is ready and willing specifically to perform the agreement on his part of which the defendant has had notice.[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]
4. The plaintiff claims that the Court will order the defendant specifically to perform the agreement and to do all acts necessary to put the plaintiff in full possession of the said property [or to accept a transfer and possession of the said property and to pay the costs of the suit.

No. 48.

Specific Performance (No. 2)

(Title).

A.B., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows:-

1. On the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., the plaintiff and defendant entered into an agreement, in writing, and the original document is hereto annexed.

The defendant was absolutely entitled to the immovable property described in the agreement.

2. On the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., plaintiff tendered .......... rupees to the defendant, and demanded a transfer of the said property by a sufficient instrument.
3. On the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., plaintiff again demand such transfer [or the defendant refused to transfer the same to the plaintiff.]
4. The defendant has not executed any instrument of transfer.
5. The plaintiff is still ready and willing to pay the purchase money of the said property to the defendant.

[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]

8. The plaintiff claims-

(1) that the defendant transfers the said property to the plaintiff by, a sufficient instrument [following the terms of the agreement];

(2) rupees compensation for withholding the same.

No. 49.

Partnership.

(Title).

A.B., the above-named plaintiff, states as follows:-

1. He and C.D., the defendant, have been for .......... years (or months) past carrying on business together under articles of partnership in writing [or under a deed, or under a verbal agreement.]
2. Several disputes and difference have arisen between the plaintiff and defendant as such partners whereby it has become impossible to carry on the business in partnership with advantage to the partners.[Or the defendant has committed the following breaches of the partnership articles:-

(1)

(2)

(3)].

[As in Paras 4 and 5 of Form No. 1.]

5. The plaintiff claims-

(1) dissolution of the partnership;

(2) that accounts be taken;

(3) that a receiver be appointed.

N.B. — In suits of the winding-up of any partnership, omit the claim for dissolution; and instead insert a paragraph stating the facts of the partnership having been dissolved.)

(4) Written Statements.

General defences.

Denial.— The defendant denies that (set out facts).

The defendant does not admit that (set out facts.).

The defendant admits that ......... but says that

Protest.— The defendant denies that he is a partner in the defendant firm of.

The defendant denies that he made the contract alleged of any contract with the plaintiff.

The defendant denies that he contracted with the plaintiff as alleged or at all.

The defendant admits assets but not the plaintiff's claim.

The defendant denies that the plaintiff sold to him the goods mentioned in the plaint or any of them.

Limitation.— The suit is barred by article ............. or article ............. of the second Schedule to the Limitation Act, 1995, IX of 1995).

Jurisdiction.— The Court has no jurisdiction to hear the suit on the ground that (set forth the grounds).

On the........... day of ............... a diamond ring was delivered by the defendant to and accepted by the plaintiff in discharge of the alleged cause of action.

Insolvency.— The defendant has been adjudged an insolvent.

The plaintiff before the institution of the suit was adjudged an insolvent and the right to sue vested in the receiver.

Minority.— The defendant was a minor at the time of making the alleged contract.

Payment into Court.— The defendant as to the whole claim (or as to Rs. ............. part of the money claimed, or as the case may be) has paid into Court Rs. ............. and says that this sum is enough to satisfy the plaintiff's claims(or the part aforesaid.)

Performance remitted.— The performance of the promise alleged was remitted on the ........... (date).

Rescission.— The contract was rescinded by agreement between the plaintiff and defendant.

Res judicata.— The plaintiff's claim is barred by the decree in suit (give the reference.)

Estoppel.— The plaintiff is estopped from denying the truth of (insert statements as to which estoppel is claimed) because (here state the facts relied on as creating the estoppel.)

Ground of defence subsequent to institution of suit.— Since the institution of the suit, that is to say, on the day of........... (set out facts.)

No. 1.

Defence in suits for goods sold and delivered.

1. The defendant did not order the goods.
2. The goods were not delivered to the defendant.
3. The price was not Rs.

(Or)

4.1.

5. Except as to Rs........... 2.

same as

6.3.

7. The defendant for [or A.B., the defendant's agent] satisfied to claim by before suit to the plaintiff [or to C.D., the plaintiff's agent] on the ......... day of ......... 19 .........
8. The defendant satisfied the claim by payment after suit to the plaintiff on the ......... day of ......... 19 ......... .

No. 2.

Defence in suits on bonds.

1. The bond is not the defendant's bond.
2. The defendant made payment to the plaintiff on the day according to the condition of the bond.
3. The defendant made payment to the plaintiff after the day named and before suit of the principal and interest mentioned in the bond.

No. 3.

Defence in suit on guarantees.

1. The principal satisfied the claim by payment before suit.
2. The defendant was released by the plaintiff giving time to the principal debtor in pursuance of a binding agreement.

No. 4.

Defence in any suit for debt.

1. As to Rs. 200 of the money claimed, the defendant is entitled to set off for goods sold and delivered by the defendant to the plaintiff. Particulars are as follows:-

					Rs.
1907, January, 25th	....	....	....	....	150
February, 1st	....	....	....	....	50
				Total ....	200

2. As to the whole [or as to Rs. ............., Part of the money claimed] the defendant made tender before suit of Rs. ............. and has paid the same into Court.

No. 5.

Defence in suits for injuries caused by negligent driving.

1. The defendant denies that the carriage mentioned in the plaint was the defendant's carriage, and that it was under the charge or control of the defendant's servants. The carriage belonged to .......... of .......... Street, Calcutta, livery stable keepers employed by the defendant to supply him with carriages and horses; and the person under whose charge and control the said carriage was, was the servant of the said.
2. The defendant does not admit that the said carriage was turned out of Middleton Street either negligently, suddenly or without warning, or at a rapid or dangerous pace.
3. The defendant says the plaintiff might and could, by the exercise of reasonable care and diligence, have seen the said carriage approaching him, and avoided any collision with it.
4. The defendant does not admit the statements contained in the third paragraph of the plaint.

No. 6.

Defence in all suits for wrongs.

1. Denial of the several acts [or matters] complained of.

No. 7.

Defence in suits for detention of goods.

1. The goods were not the property of the plaintiff.
2. The goods were detained for a lien to which the defendant was entitled.

Particulars are as follows:-

1907, May 3rd. To carriage of the goods claimed from Delhi to Calcutta:- 45 maunds at Rs. 2 per maund ............ Rs. 90

No. 8

Defence in suits for infringement of copyright.

1. The plaintiff is not the author (assignee, etc.)
2. The book was not registered.
3. The defendant did not infringe.

No. 9.

Defence in suits for infringement of trade mark.

1. The trade mark is not the plaintiffs.
2. The alleged trade mark is not a trade mark.
3. The defendant did not infringe.

No. 10.

Defences in suits relating to nuisance.

1. The plaintiff's lights are not ancient [or deny his other alleged prescriptive rights.]
2. The plaintiffs lights will not be materially interfered with by the defendant's buildings.
3. The defendant denies that he or his servants pollute the water [or do what is complained of.]

[If the defendant claims the right by prescription or otherwise to do .w hat is complained of, he must say so, and must state the grounds of the claim, i.e. whether by prescriptions grant or what.]

4. The plaintiff has been guilty of laches of which the following are particulars:
5. Plaintiff's mill began to work.
6. Plaintiff came into possession.
7. First complaint.
8. As to the plaintiffs claim for damages the defendant will rely on the above grounds of defence, and says that the acts complained of have not produced any damage to the plaintiff.[If other grounds are relied on, they must be stated, e.g. limitation as to past damage.]

No. 11.

Defence to suit for foreclosure.

1. The defendant did not execute the mortgage.
2. The mortgage was not transferred to the plaintiff.[If more than one transfer is alleged, say which is denied.]
3. The suit is barred by article ............ of the second schedule to the Limitation Act, 1995.
4. The following payments have been made, viz:-

				Rs.
(Insert date)-,	...	...	...	1000
(Insert date)-,	...	...	...	500

5. The plaintiff took possession on the ..........., and has received the rents ever since.
6. The plaintiff released the debt on the .............. of ..............
7. The defendant transferred all his interest to A.B. by a document, dated ...........

No. 12.

Defence to suit for redemption .

1. The plaintiffs right to redeem is barred by article ................... of the second schedule to the Limitation Act, 1995.
2. The plaintiff transferred all interest in the property to A.B.
3. The defendant, by a document dated the ............. day of .............. transferred all his interest in the mortgage debt and property comprised in the mortgage to A.B.
4. The defendant never took possession of the mortgaged property, or received the rents thereof.

[If the defendant admits possession for a time only, he should state the time and deny possession beyond what he admits.]

No. 13

Defence to suit for specific performance.

1. The defendant did not enter into the agreement.
2. A.B. was not the agent of the defendant (If alleged by plaintiff.)
3. The plaintiff has not performed the following conditions (Conditions.)
4. The defendant did not-(alleged acts of part performance.)
5. The plaintiffs title to the property agreed to be sold is not such as the defendant is bound to accept by reason of the following matter-(state why.)
6. The agreement is uncertain in the following respects-(state them.)
7. (Or) The plaintiff has been guilty of delay.
8. (Or) The plaintiff has been guilty of fraud (or misrepresentation.)
9. (Or) The agreement is unfair.
10. (Or) The agreement was entered into by mistake.
11. The following are particulars of (7), (8),(9),(10) (or as the case may be.)
12. The agreement was rescind under Conditions of Sale, No. 11 (or) by mutual agreement.

(In case where damages are claimed and the defendant disputes his liability to damages, he must deny the agreement or the alleged breaches, or show whatever other ground of defence he intends to rely on e.g. the Limitation Act accord and satisfaction, release, fraud, etc.).

No. 14.

Defence in administration suit by pecuniary legatee.

1. A.B., will contain a charge of debts; he died insolvent; he was entitled at his death to some immovable property which the defendant sold and which produced the net sum of Rs. ............., and the testator had some movable property which the defendant got in and which produced the net sum of Rs. ...........
2. The defendant applied the whole of the said sums and the sum of Rs. ............. which the defendant received from rents of the immovable property in the payment of the funeral and testamentary expenses and some of the debts of the testator.
3. The defendant made up his accounts and sent a copy thereof to the plaintiff on the ......... day of ......... 19 ......... , and offered the plaintiff free access to the vouchers to verify such accounts, but he declined to avail himself of the defendant's offer.
4. The defendant submits that the plaintiff ought to pay the costs of this suit.

No. 15.

Probate of will in solemn form.

1. The said will and codicil of the deceased were not duly executed.
2. The deceased at the time the said will and codicil respectively purport to have been executed, was not of sound-mind, memory and understanding.
3. The execution of the said will and codicil was obtained by the undue influence of the plaintiff and others acting with him whose names are at present unknown to the defendant.]
4. The execution of the said will and codicil was obtained by the fraud of the plaintiff, such fraud so far as is within the defendant's present knowledge, being [state the nature of the fraud.]
5. The deceased at the time of the execution of the said will and codicil did not know and approve of the contents thereof [or of the contents of the residuary clause in the said will, as the case may be.]
6. The deceased made his true last will, dated the 1st January, 1873, and thereby appointed the defendant sole executor thereof.

The defendant claims:-

(1) that the Court will pronounce against the said will and codicil propounded by the plaintiff;

(2) that the Court will decree probate of the will of the deceased, dated the 1st January, 1873, in solemn form of law.

No. 16.

Particulars. (O.6, r.5.).

(Title of suit).

Particulars.— The following are the particulars of (here state the matters in respect of which particulars have been ordered) delivered pursuant to the order of the ........... of ...........

(Here set out the particulars ordered in paragraphs if necessary).

Appendix B

Process

No. 1.

Summons for disposal of suit (O.5, rr.1,5.)

(Title).

To

[Name, description and place of residence.]

Whereas.......... has instituted a suit against you for .......... you are hereby summoned to appear in this Court in person or by a pleader duly instructed, and able to answer all material questions relating to the suit, or who shall be accompanied by some personable to answer all such question on the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., at o'clock in the .......... noon, to answer the claim ; and as the day fixed for your appearance is appointed for the final disposal of the suit, you must be prepared to produce on that day all the witnesses upon whose evidence and all the documents upon which you intend to rely in support of your defence.

Take notice that, in default of your appearance on the day before mentioned, that suit will be heard and determined in your absence.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........ day of ........ 19 ........ .

Judge.

Notice 1. Should you apprehend your witnesses will not attend of their own accord, you can have a summons from this Court to compel the attendance of any witness, and the production of any document that you have a right to call upon the witness to produce, on applying to the Court and on depositing the necessary expenses.

2. If you admit the claim; you should pay the money into Court, together with the costs of the suit, to avoid execution of the decree, which may be against your person or property, or both.

No. 2

Summons for settlement of issues. (R.5 rr.1, 5.)

(Title).

To

[Name, description and place of residence.]

Whereas.......... has instituted a suit against you for .......... you are hereby summoned to appear in this Court in person, or by a pleader duly instructed, and able to answer all material questions relating to the suit, or who shall be accompanied by some persons able to answer all such questions, on the .......... day of .......... 19 .......... , at .......... O'clock in the .......... noon, to answer the claim; [and further you are hereby directed to file on that day a written statement of your defence and to produce on the said day all documents in your possession or power upon which you base your defence or claim for set-off or counter-claim, and where you rely on any other document whether in your possession or power or not, as evidence in support of your defence or claim for set-off or counter-claim, you shall enter such documents in a list to be annexed to the written statement.]

Take notice that, in default of your appearance on the day before mentioned, the suit will be heard and determined in your absence.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

Notice 1. Should you apprehend your witnesses will not attend of their own accord, you can have a summons from this Court to compel the attendance of any witness, and the production of any document that you have a right to call on the witness to produce, on applying to the Court and on depositing the necessary expenses.

2. If you admit the claim, you should pay the money into Court together with the costs of the suit, to avoid execution of the decree, which may be against your person or property, or both.

No. 3.

Summons to appear in person.(O.5, r. 3.)

(Title)

To

[Name, description and place of residence.]

Whereas........... has instituted a suit against you for ........... you are hereby summoned to appear in this Court in person on the ........... day of ........... 19 ........... at ........... O'clock in the ........... noon, to answer the claim; and you are directed to produce on that day all the documents upon which you intend to rely in support of your defence.

Take notice that, in default of your appearance on the day before mentioned, the suit will be heard and determined in your absence.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day ........... of ........... 19 ...........

Judge.

[No. 4.

Summons in a summary suit.

(Order XXXVII, rule 2.)

(Title).

To

(Name, description and place of residence)

Whereas.......... has instituted a suit against you under Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, Svt. 1977, for Rs. .......... and interest, you are hereby summoned to cause an appearance to be entered for you, within ten days from the service hereof, in default whereof the plaintiff will be entitled, after the expiration of the said period of ten days, to obtain a decree for any sum not exceeding the sum of Rupees .......... and the sum of Rupees .......... for costs, together with such interest if any, as the Court may order.

If you cause an appearance to be entered for you, the plaintiff will thereafter serve upon you a summons for judgment at the hearing of which you will be entitled to move the Court for leave to defend the suit.

Leave to defend may be obtained if you satisfy the Court by an affidavit or otherwise that there is a defence to the suit on the merits or that it is reasonable that you should be allowed to defend.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of .......... 19 .......... .

Judge]

[No. 4-A.

[Inserted by Act XI of 1983, section 89]

Summons for judgment in a summary suit.

(Order XXXVII, rule 3).

(Title).

In the ........... Court, at ........... Suit No. ........... of 19

XYZ Plaintiff

Versus

ABC Defendant

Upon reading the affidavit of the plaintiff the Court makes the following order, namely:-

Let all parties concerned attend the Court or Judge, as the case may be, on the......... day of ......... 19 ........., at ......... O'clock in the forenoon on the hearing of the application of the plaintiff that he be at liberty to obtain judgment in this suit against the defendant (or if against one or some or several, insert names) for Rupees ......... and for interest and costs.

Dated ......... day of ......... 19 .........]

No. 5.

Notice to person who, the Court considers, should be added as Co-plaintiff. (O.1.r.10.).

(Title).

To

[Name, description and place of residence.]

Whereas ........... has instituted the above a suit against ........... for ........... and, whereas it appears necessary that you should be added as a plaintiff in the said suit in order to enable the Court effectually and completely to adjudicate upon and settle all the question involved;

Take notice that you should on or before the ............ day of ............ 19 ............, signify to this Court whether you consent to be so added.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of ............ 19 ............

Judge.

No. 6.

Summons to legal representative of a deceased defendant.

(O.22,r.4).

(Title).

To

Whereas the plaintiff ............ instituted a suit in this Court on the ............ day ............ of ............ 19 ............, against the defendant who has since deceased, and whereas the said plaintiff has made an application to this Court alleging that you are the legal representative of the said ............ deceased, and desiring that you be made the defendant in his stead;

You are hereby summoned to attend in this Court on the ............ day of ............ 19 ............, at ............ A.M. to defend the said suit and, in default of your appearance on the day specified the said suit will be heard and determined in your absence.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day ............ of ............ 19 ............

Judge.

No. 7.

Order for transmission of summons for service in the jurisdiction of another Court. (O.5, r.21.).

(Title).

Whereas it is stated that ............ defendant /witness in the above suit is at present residing in ............; It is ordered that a summons returnable on the ............ day of ............ 19............, be forwarded to the ............ Court of ............ for service on the said defendant/witness with a duplicate of this proceeding.

The Court-fee of ............ chargeable in respect to the summons has been

realized in this Court in Stamps.

Dated ............ 19 ............

Judge.

No. 8.

Order for transmission of summons to be served on a prisoner.

(O.5, r.24.).

(Title).

To

The Superintendent of the Jail at ............... under the provisions of Order V, rule 24, of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977 a summons in duplicate is herewith forwarded for service on the defendant............... who is ............... a prisoner in jail. You are requested to cause a copy of the s aid summons to be served upon the said defendant and to return the original to this Court signed by the said defendant, with a statement of service endorsed thereon by you.

Judge

No. 9.

Order for transmission of summons to be served on a public servant or soldier. (O.5, rr.27,28.)

(Title).

To

Under the provisions of Order V, rule 27(or 28 , as the case may be.), of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, a summons in duplicate is herewith forwarded for service on the defendant.......... who is stated to be serving under you. You are requested to cause a copy of the said summons to be served upon the said defendant and to return the original to this Court signed by the said defendant with a statement of service endorsed thereon by you.

Judge.

No. 10.

To accompany returns of summons of another Court. (0.5,r.23.).

(Title).

Read proceeding from the ............ forwarding ............ for service on ............ in Suit No. ............ of ............ 19 of that Court.

Read serving Officer's endorsement stating that the ............ and proof of the above having been duly taken by me on the oath of ............ and ............ it is ordered that the ............ be returned to the with a copy of this proceeding.

Judge.

Note. — This form will be applicable to process other than summons, the service of which may have to be effected in the same manner.

No. 11.

Affidavit of process-server to accompany return of a summons or notice. (O.5, r.18.)

The Affidavit of ....................., son of ..................... I ..................... make oath/affirm and says as follows :-

(1) I am a process-server of this Court.

(2) On the ..................... day of ..................... 19 ....................., I received a summons/notice issued by the Court of ..................... in Suit No. ..................... of 19 ....................., in the said Court dated the ..................... day of..................... 19 ....................., for service on .....................

(3) The said ..................... was at the time personally known to me, and I served the said summons/notice on him /her on the ..................... day of..................... 19 ....................., at about ..................... o'clock in the ..................... noon at ..................... by tendering a copy thereof to him/her and requiring his/her signature to the original summons/notice.

(a)

(b)

(a) Here state whether the person served signed or refused to sign the process, and in whose presence.

(b) Signature of process-server.

or,

(3) The said ..................... not being personally known to me ..................... accompanied me to ..................... and pointed out to me a person whom he stated to be ..................... the said ....................., and I served the said summons/notices on him/her on the day of ...... 19 ........., at about ............. O'clock in the ......... noon at ........ by tendering a copy thereof to him/her requiring his/her signature to the original summons/notice.

(a)

(b)

(a) Here state whether the person served signed or refused to sign the process and in whose presence.

(b) Signature of process-server.

or,

(3) The said ......... and the house in which he ordinarily resides being personally known to me, I went to the said house, in ......... and there on the ......... day of......... 19 ........., at about ......... o'clock in the noon, I did not find the said

(a)

(b)

(a) Enter fully and exactly the manner in which the process was served, with special reference to Order 5, rule 15 and 17.

(b) Signature of process-server.

or,

3. One ......... accompanied me to and there pointed out to me ......... which he said was the house in which ......... ordinarily resides. I did not find the said ......... there.

(a)

(b)

(a) Enter fully and exactly the manner in which the process was served, with special reference to Order 5, rule 15 and 17.

or,

If substituted service has been ordered, state fully and exactly the manner in which the summons was served with special reference to the terms of the order for substituted service.

Sworn/Affirmed by the said ......... before me this ......... day of ......... 19.........

Empowered under section 139 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, to administer the oath to deponents.

No. 12.

Notice to defendant.(O.9.r.6.)

(Title).

To

(Name, description and place of residence).

Whereas this day was fixed for the hearing of the above suit and a summons was issued to you and the plaintiff has appeared in this Court and you did not so appear, but from the return of the Nazir it has been proved to the satisfaction of the Court that said summons was served on you but not in sufficient time to enable you to appear and answer on the day fixed in the said summons ;

Notice is hereby given to you that the hearing of the suit is adjourned this day and that the ........ day of ........ 19 ........, is now fixed for the hearing of the same; in default of your appearance on the day last mentioned the suit will be heard and determined in your absence.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........ day of ........ 19........

Judge

No. 13.

Summons to witness. (O.16,rr.1,5.)

(Title).

To

Whereas your attendance is required to ............. on behalf of the ............. in the above suit, you are hereby required [personally] to appear before this Court on the ............. day of ............. 19 ............., at ............. O'clock in the forenoon, and to bring with you [or to send to this Court.]

A sum of Rs. ............., being your travelling and other expenses and subsistence allowance for one day, is herewith sent. If you fail to comply with this order without lawful excuse, you will be subject to the consequences of non-attendance laid down in rule 12 of Order XVI of the Code of Civil Procedure 1977.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of ........ 19 .............

Judge.

Notice. (1) If you are summoned only to produce a document and not to give evidence, you shall be deemed to have complied with the summons if you cause such document to be produced in this Court on the day and ....... hour aforesaid.

(2) If you are detained beyond the day aforesaid, a sum of Rs. ...............will be tendered to you for each day's attendance beyond the day specified.

No. 14.

Proclamation requiring attendance of witness. (O.16,r.10.).

(Title).

To

Whereas it appears from the examination on oath of the serving officer that the summons could not be served upon the witness in the manner prescribed by law; and whereas it appears that the evidence of the witness is material, and he absconds and keeps out of the way for the purpose of evading the service of the summons. This proclamation is, therefore, under rule 10 of Order XVI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, issued requiring the attendance of the witness in this Court on the ....... day of ....... 19 ....... at ....... O'clock in the forenoon and from day to day until he shall have leave to depart; and if the witness fails to attend on the day and hour aforesaid he will be dealt with according to law.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ....... day of ....... 19 .......

Judge.

No. 15.

Proclamation requiring attendance of witness. (O.16,r.10).

(Title).

To

Whereas it appears from the examination on oath of the serving officer that the summons has been duly served upon the witness, and whereas it appears that the evidence of the witness is material and he has failed to attend in compliance with such summons. This proclamation is, therefore, under rule 10 of Order XVI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, issued, requiring the attendance of the witness in the Court on ....... the day of ....... 19 ....... at ....... O'clock in the forenoon and from day to day until he shall have leave to depart; and if the witness fails to attend on the day and hour aforesaid he will be dealt with according to law.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ....... day of ....... 19 .......

Judge.

No. 16.

Warrant of attachment of property of witness (O.16,r.10).

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas the witness ........ cited by ........ has not, after the expiration of the period limited in the proclamation issued for his attendance, appeared in Court; You are hereby directed to hold under attachment ........ property belonging to the said witness to the value of ........ and to submit a return, accompanied with an inventory thereof, within ........ days.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of ........ 19 ........

Judge.

No. 17.

Warrant of arrest of witness. (O.16,r.10.).

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas........ has been duly served with a summons but has failed to attend [absconds and keeps out of the way for the purpose of avoiding service of a summons]; You are hereby ordered to arrest and being the said ........ before the Court.

You are further ordered to return this warrant on or before the........ day of ........ 19 ........, with an endorsement certifying the day on the manner in which it has been executed, or the reason why it has not been executed.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of ........ 19 ........

Judge.

No. 18.

Warrant of committal. (O.16,r.16.)

(Title).

To

The officer-in-charge of the Jail at

Whereas the plaintiff (or defendant) in the above-named suit has made application to this Court that security be taken for the appearance of ........ to give evidence (or to produce a document), on the ........ day of ........ 19 ........, and whereas the Court has called upon the said ........ to furnish such security, which he has failed to do. This is to require you to receive the said ........ into your custody in the civil prison and to produce him before this Court at ........ on the said day and on such other day or days as may be hereafter ordered.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of ........ 19 ........

Judge.

No. 19.

Warrant of committal (O.16,r.18.)

(Title).

To

The Officer-in-charge of the Jail at

Whereas........, whose attendance is required before this Court in the above-named case to give evidence (or to produce a document), has been arrested and brought before the Court in custody; and whereas owing to the absence of the plaintiff (or defendant), the said ........ cannot give such evidence or produce such document; and whereas the Court has called upon the said ........ to give security for his appearance on the ........ day of ........ 19 ........ , at which he has failed to do. This is to require you to receive the said ........ into your custody in the civil prison and to produce him before this Court at ........ on the ........ day of ........ 19 ........

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of ........ 19 ........

Judge.

Appendix C

Discovery, Inspection and Admission

No. 1.

Order for delivery of interrogatories. (O.11, r. 1).

In the Court of......... Civil Suit No. ......... of ......... 19 .........

A.B.

... Plaintiff

Against

C.D.E.F. and G.H.

... defendants.

Upon hearing ......... and upon reading the affidavit of ......... filed the ......... day of ......... 19 ......... It is ordered that the ......... be at liberty to deliver to the ......... interrogatories in writing, and that the said ......... do answer the interrogatories as prescribed by Order XI, rule 8, and that the cost of this application be.

No. 2.

Interrogatories. (O.11, r.4).

(Title as in No. 1, Supra).

Interrogatories on behalf of the above-named (plaintiff or defendant C.D.) for the examination of the above-named (defendant E.F. and G.H. or plaintiff.)

1. Did not, etc.
2. Has not etc.

etc., ............... etc., ............... etc. ...............

[The defendant E.F. is required to answer the interrogatories numbered ...............].

[The defendant G.H. is required to answer the interrogatories numbered ...............].

No. 3.

Answer to Interrogatories. (O.11, r.9).

(Title as in No. 1, supra).

The answer of the above-named defendant E.F. to the interrogatories for his examination by the above-named plaintiff.

In answer to the said interrogatories, I, the above-named E.F. make oath and say as follows:-

1. Enter answer to interrogatories in paragraphs numbered consecutively.

2.

3. I object to answer the interrogatories numbered on the ground that ..........[state grounds of objection.]

No. 4.

Order for affidavit as to documents. (O.11,r.13.).

(Title as in No. 1, supra.)

Upon hearing ......... . It is ordered that the......... do within ......... days from the date of this order, answer on affidavit stating which documents are or have been in his possession or power relating to the matter in question in this suit, and that the costs of this application be ......... .

No. 5.

Affidavit as to documents. (O.11, r.13).

(Title as in No. 1, supra).

I, the above-named defendant C.D. make oath and say as follows:

1. I have in my possession or power the documents relating to the matters in question in this suit set forth in the first and second parts of the first schedule hereto.
2. I object to produce the said documents set forth in the second part of the first schedule hereto [state grounds of objection.]
3. I have had, but have not now, in my possession or power the documents relating to the matters in question in this suit set forth in the second schedule hereto.
4. The last-mentioned documents were last in my possession or power on (state when and what has become of them and in whose possession they now are.).
5. According to the best of my knowledge, information and belief I have not now, and never had, in my possession, custody or power, or in the possession, custody or power of my pleader or agent, or in the possession, custody or power of any other person on my behalf, any account, book of account, voucher, receipt, letter, memorandum, paper or writing, or any copy of or extract from any such document, or any other document whatsoever, relating to the matters in question in this suit or any of them, or wherein any entry has been made relative to such matters or any of them, other than and except the documents set forth in the said first and second schedules hereto.

No. 6.

Order to produce documents for inspection. (O.11, r.14)

(Title as in No. 1, supra.).

Upon hearing ......... and upon reading the affidavit of ......... filed the ......... day of ......... 19 ......... . It is ordered that the ......... do, at all reasonable times, on reasonable notice, produce at ........., situate at ........., the following documents, namely, ........., and that the ......... be at liberty to inspect and peruse the documents so produced, and to make notes of their contents. In the meantime it is ordered that all further proceedings be stayed and that the costs of this application be.

No. 7.

Notice to produce documents. (O.11,r.16).

(Title as in Form No. 1, supra).

Take notice that the (plaintiff or defendant) requires you to produce for his inspection the following documents referred to in your [plaint or written statement or affidavit, dated the .......... day of.......... 19 ..........].

[Describe documents required.]

X.Y. Pleader for the

To Z. Pleader for the

No. 8.

Notice to Inspect documents. (O.11,r.17).

(Title as in No. 1, supra).

Take notice that you can inspect the documents mentioned in your notice of the ....... day of ....... 19 ......., [Except the documents numbered ....... in that notice] at [insert place of inspection] on Thursday next, the ....... instant, between the hours of 12 and 4 O'clock. Or, that the [plaintiff or defendant] objects to giving you inspection of documents mentioned in your notice of the ....... day of ....... 19 ......., on the ground that [state the ground.]

No. 9.

Notice to admit documents (O.12,r.3).

(Title as in No. 1, supra).

Take notice that the plaintiff (or defendant ) in this suit proposes to adduce in evidence the several documents hereunder specified, and that the same may be inspected by the defendant (or plaintiff) his pleader or agent, at ........ on ........ between the hours of ........; and the defendant [or plaintiff], is hereby required, within forty-eight hours from the last-mentioned hour, to admit that such of the said documents as are specified to be originals were respectively written, signed or executed, as they purport respectively to have been; that such as are specified as copies are true copies; and such documents as are stated to have been served, sent or delivered were so served, sent or delivered, respectively saving all just exceptions to the admissibility of all such documents as evidence in this suit.

G.H., pleader [or agent] for plaintiff.

[or defendant.]

To E.F., pleader [or agent for defendant [or plaintiff]

[Here describe the documents and specify as to each document whether it is original or a copy.]

No. 10.

Notice to admit facts. (O.12, r.5).

(Title as in No. 1, supra).

Take notice that the plaintiff [or defendant ] in this suit requires the defendant (or plaintiff) to admit, for the purposes of this suit only, the several facts respectively hereunder specified; and the defendant [or plaintiff] is hereby required, within six days from the service of this notice, to admit the said several facts, saving all just exceptions to the admissibility of such facts as evidence in this suit.

G.H., Pleader [or agent] for plaintiff [or defendant].

To E.F., Pleader [or agent] for defendant [or plaintiff].

The facts, admission of which is required are

1. That M. died on the 1st January, 1890.
2. That he died intestate.
3. That N. was his only lawful son.
4. That O. died on the 1st April, 1896.
5. That O. was never married.

No. 11.

Admission of facts pursuant to notice.(O.12, r.5).

(Title as in No. 1, supra).

The defendant [or plaintiff ] in this suit, for the purposes of this suit only, hereby admits the several facts respectively hereunder specified, subject to the qualifications or limitations, if any, hereunder specified saving all just exceptions to the admissibility of any such facts, or any of them, as evidence in this suit:

Provided that this admission is made for the purposes of this suit only, and is not an admission to be used against the defendant [or plaintiff] on any other occasion or by any one other than the plaintiff [or defendant], or party requiring the admission.]

E.F., Pleader [or agent] for defendant [or plaintiff].

To G.H., Pleader [or agent ] for plaintiff [or defendant].

Facts admitted		Qualification or limitations, if any subject to which they are admitted.
1.	That M. Died on 1.1.1890	1.
2.	That he died intestate	2.
3.	That N. was lawful son.	3.	But not that he was his only lawful son.
4.	That O. died.	4.	But not that he died on 1.4.1896
5.	That O. was never married.	5.

No. 12.

Notice to produce (general form). (O.12.r.8.)

(Title as in No. 1, supra).

Take notice that you are hereby required to produce and show to the Court at the first hearing of this suit all books, papers, letters, copies of letters and other writings and documents in your custody, possession or power containing any entry, memorandum or minute relating to the matters in question in this suit, and particularly

G.H., Pleader or agent for plaintiff [or defendant.]

To E.F., Pleader [or agent for defendant or plaintiff.]

Appendix D

Decrees

No. 1.

Decree in original suit (O.20,rr.6.7).

(Title).

Claim for ..............

This suit coming on this day for final disposal before ............. in the presence of ............. for the plaintiff and of ............. for the defendant, it is ordered and decreed that ............. and that the sum of Rs. ............. be paid by the ............. to the ............. on account of the costs of this suit, with interest thereon at the rate of............. percent, per annum from this date to date of ............. realization.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of ............. 19.

Judge.

Costs of Suit

Plaintiff				Defendant
		Rs. P.		Rs. P.
1.	Stamp for plaint		Stamp for power
2.	Do for power		Do for petition
3.	Do for exhibits		Pleader's fee
4.	Pleader's fee on Rs.		Subsistence for witness
5.	Subsistence for witnesses
6.	Commissioner's fee
7.	Service of process
Total			Total

No. 2.

Simple money decree. (Section 34 ).

(Title).

Claim for

This suit coming on this day for final disposal before ............. in the presence of ............. for the plaintiff and of ............. for the defendant. It is ordered that the ............. do pay to the ............. the sum of Rs. ............. with interest thereon at the rate of ............. percent, ............. per annum from ............. to the date of realization of the said sum and ............. do also pay Rs. ............., the costs of this suit with interest thereon............. at the rate of ............. percent per annum from this date to the date of realization.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ............. day of ............. 19 .............

Judge.

Costs Of Suit

Plaintiff				Defendant
		Rs. P.		Rs. P.
1.	Stamp for plaint		Stamp for power
2.	Do for power		Do for petition
3.	Do for exhibits		Pleader's fee
4.	Pleader's fee on Rs.		Subsistence for witness
5.	Subsistence for witnesses
6.	Commissioner's fee
7.	Service of process
Total			Total

[No. 3.]

Preliminary decree for foreclosure

(Order 34, rule 2-. Where accounts are directed to be taken).

(Title).

This suit coming on this ........... day, etc. ........... . It is hereby ordered and decreed that it be referred to ........... as the Commissioner to take the accounts following:-

(i) an account of what is due on this date to the plaintiff for principal and interest on his mortgage mentioned in the plaint (such interest to be computed at the rate payable on the principal or where no such rate is fixed, at six percent, per annum or at such rate as the Court deems reasonable);

(ii) an account of the income of the mortgaged property received up to this date by the plaintiff or by any other person by the order or for the use of the plaintiff or which without the wilful default of the plaintiff or such person might have been so received;

(iii) an account of all sums of money properly incurred by the plaintiff up to this date for costs, charges and expenses (other than the costs of the suit) in respect of the mortgage-security, together with interest thereon (such interest to be computed at the rate agreed between the parties, or, failing such rates, at the same rate as is payable on the principal, or, failing both such rates, at nine percent per annum);

(iv) an account on any loss or damage caused to the mortgaged property before this date by any act or omission of the plaintiff which is destructive of, or permanently injurious to, the property or by his failure to perform any of the duties imposed upon him by any law for the time being in force or by the terms of the mortgaged-deed.

2. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that any amount received under clause (ii) or adjudged due under clause (iv) above, together with interest thereon, shall first be adjusted against any sums paid by the plaintiff under clause (iii) together with interest thereon, and the balance, if any, shall be added to the mortgage-money or, as the case may be, be debited in reduction of the amount due to the plaintiff on account of interest on the principal sum adjudged due and thereafter in reduction or discharge of the principal.
3. And it is hereby further ordered that the said Commissioner shall present the account to this Court with all convenient dispatch after making all just allowances on or before the ............. day of ............., and that upon such report of the Commissioner being received, it shall be confirmed and countersigned, subject to such modification as may be necessary after consideration of such objections as the parties to the suit may make.
4. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed

(i) that the defendant do pay into Court on or before the ............. day of ............., or any later date up to which time for payment may be extended by the Court, such sum as the Court shall find due, and the sum of Rs. ............. for the costs of the suit awarded to the plaintiff;

(ii) that, on such payment and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order MTV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the plaintiff shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents shall be delivered over to the defendant, or to such person as he appoints, and the plaintiff shall, if so required recovery or re-transfer the said property free from the said mortgage and clear of and from all encumbrances created by the plaintiff or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claim and free from all liability whatsoever arising from the mortgage or this suit and shall, if so required, deliver up to the defendant quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

5. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment as aforesaid, the plaintiff shall be at liberty to apply to the Court for a final decree that the defendant shall thenceforth stand absolutely debarred and foreclosed of and from all right to redeem the mortgaged property described in the Schedule annexed hereto and shall, if so required, deliver up to the plaintiff quiet and peaceable possession of the said property; and that the parties shall be at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule

Description of the Mortgaged Property

No. 3-A.

Preliminary decree for foreclosure.

(Order 34, rule 2-. Where the Court declares the amount due).

(Title).

This suit coming on this ......... day, etc. It is hereby declared that the amount due to the plaintiff on his mortgage mentioned in the plaint calculated up to this day of......... is the sum of Rs ......... for principal, the sum of Rs.......... for interest on the said principal, the sum of Rs. ......... for costs, charges and expenses (other than the costs of the suit) properly incurred by the plaintiff in respect of the mortgage security, together with interest thereon, and the sum of Rs. ......... for the costs of this suit awarded to the plaintiff, making in all the sum of Rs.

2. And it is hereby ordered and decreed as follows:-

(i) that the defendant do pay into Court on or before the ............ day of ............ or any later date up to which time for payment may be extended by the Court of the said sum of Rs. ............

(ii) that, on such payment and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the plaintiff shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents shall be delivered over to the defendant, or to such person as he appoints, and the plaintiff shall, if so required, reconvey or re-transfer the said property from the said mortgage and clear of and from all encumbrances created by the plaintiff or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claims and free from all liability whatsoever arising from the mortgage or this suit and shall, if so required, deliver up to the defendant quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

3. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment as aforesaid, the plaintiff may apply to the Court for a final decree that the defendant shall thenceforth stand absolutely debarred and foreclosed of and from all right to redeem the mortgaged property described in the Schedule annexed hereto and shall, if so required, deliver up to the plaintiff quiet and peaceable possession of the said property, and that the parties shall be at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule

Description of the Mortgaged Property.

No. 4.

Final decree for foreclosure.

(Order 34, rule 3).

(Title).

Upon reading the preliminary decree passed in this suit on the .......... day of .......... and further orders (if any) dated the .......... day of and the application of the plaintiff dated the .......... day of .......... for a final decree and after hearing the parties and it appearing that the payment directed by the said decree and orders has not been made by the defendant or any person on his behalf or any other person entitled for redeem the said mortgaged.

It is hereby ordered and decreed that defendant and all persons claiming through or under him be and they are hereby absolutely debarred and foreclosed of and from all right of redemption of and in the property in the aforesaid preliminary decree mentioned [and if the defendant be in possession of said mortgaged property) that the defendant shall deliver to the plaintiff quiet and peaceable possession of the said mortgaged property].

2. And it is hereby further declared that the whole of the liability whatsoever of the defendant up to this day arising from the said mortgage mentioned in the plaint or from this suit is hereby discharged and extinguished.

No. 5.

Preliminary decree for sale.

(Order 34, rule 4.- Where accounts are directed to be taken).

(Title).

This suit coming on this .......... day, etc. It is hereby ordered and decreed that it be referred to .......... as the Commissioner to take the accounts following:-

(i) an account of what is due on this date to the plaintiff for principal and interest on his mortgaged mentioned in the plaint (such interest to be computed at the rate payable on the principal or where no such rate is fixed, at 6 percent, per annum or at such rate as the Court deems reasonable);

(ii) an account of the income of the mortgaged property received up to this date by the plaintiff or by any other person by the order or for the use of the plaintiff or which without the wilful default of the plaintiff or such person might have been so received;

(iii) an account of all sums of money properly incurred by the plaintiff up to this date for costs, charges and expenses (other than the costs of the suit) in respect of the mortgage-security, together with interest thereon (such interest to be computed at the rate agreed between the parties, or, failing such rate, at the same rate as is payable on the principal, or failing both such rates, at nine percent per annum);

(iv) an account of any loss or damage caused to the mortgaged property before this date by any act or omission of the plaintiff which is destructive of, or permanently injurious to, the property or by his failure to perform any of the duties imposed upon him by any law for the time being in force or by the terms of the mortgaged.

2. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that any amount received under clause (ii) or adjudged due under clause (iv) above, together with interest thereon, shall first be adjusted against any sums paid by the plaintiff under clause (iii), together with interest thereon, and the balance if any, shall be added to the mortgage money or, as the case may be, be debited in reduction of the amount due to the plaintiff on account of interest on the principal sum adjudged due and thereafter in reduction or discharge of the principal.
3. And it is hereby further ordered that the said Commissioner shall present the account to this Court with all convenient dispatch after making all just allowances on or before the ........... day ........... of ..........., and that upon such report of the Commissioner being received, it shall be confirmed and countersigned, subject to such modification as may be necessary after consideration of such objections as the parties to the suit may make.
4. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed

(i) that the defendant do pay into Court on or before the ........... day of ........... or any later date up to which time for payment may be extended by the Court, such sum as the Court shall find due and the sum of Rs. ........... for the costs of the suit awarded to the plaintiff ;

(ii) that, on such payment and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit , and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10 together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, or Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the plaintiff shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents shall be delivered over to the defendant, or to such person as he appoints, and the plaintiff shall, if so required, reconvey or re-transfer the said property free from the mortgage and clear of and from all encumbrances created by the plaintiff or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claims and shall, if so required deliver up to the defendant quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

5. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment as aforesaid, the plaintiff may apply to the Court for a final decree for the sale of the mortgaged property; and on such application being made the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof shall be directed to be sold; and for the purposes of such sale the plaintiff shall produce before the Court, or such officer as it appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property.
6. And it is hereby further ordered and declared that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into Court and shall be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) in payment of the amount payable to the plaintiff under this decree and under any further orders that may be passed in this suit and in payment of any amount which the Court may adjudge due to the plaintiff in respect of such costs of the suit, and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any, shall be paid to the defendant or other persons entitled to receive the same.
7. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, if the money realized by such sale shall not be sufficient for payment in full of the amount payable to the plaintiff as aforesaid, the plaintiff shall be at liberty (where such remedy is open to him under the terms of his mortgaged and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for a personal decree against the defendant for the amount of the balance; and that the parties are at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule

Description of the Mortgaged Property.

No. 5-A.

Preliminary decree for sale

(Order 34, rule 4.- When the Court declares the amount due.).

(Title).

This suit coming on this .......... day, etc. It is hereby declared that the amount due to the plaintiff on the mortgage mentioned in the plaint calculated up to this day of .......... is the sum of Rs. .......... for principal, the sum of Rs. .......... for interest on the said principal, the sum of Rs. .......... for costs charges and expenses (other than the cost of the suit ) properly incurred by the plaintiff in respect of the mortgaged-security, together with interest thereon, and the sum of Rs. .......... for the costs of the suit awarded to the plaintiff, making in all the sum of Rs.

2. And it is hereby ordered and decreed as follows:-

(i) that the defendant do pay into Court on or before the .......... day of .......... or any later date up to which time for payment may be extended by the Court, the said sum of Rs. ..........

(ii) that, on such payment and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the plaintiff shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents shall be delivered over to the defendant, or to such person as he appoints, and the plaintiff shall , if so required, re-convey or re-transfer the said property free faun the said mortgage and clear of and from all encumbrances created by the plaintiff or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claim and shall, if so required, deliver up to the defendant quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

3. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment as aforesaid, the plaintiff may apply to the Court for a final decree for the sale of the mortgaged property; and on such application being made, the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof shall be directed to be sold; and for the purposes of such sale the plaintiff shall produce before the Court or such officer as it appoints all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property.
4. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into Court and shall be duly applied (after deduction there from of the expenses of the sale) in payment of the amount payable to the plaintiff under this decree and under any further orders that may be passed in this suit and in payment of any amount which the Court may adjudge due to the plaintiff in respect of such costs of the suit, and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any, shall be paid to the defendant or other persons entitled to receive the same.
5. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, if the money, realized by such sale shall not be sufficient for payment in full of the amount payable to the plaintiff as aforesaid, the plaintiff shall be at liberty (where such remedy is open to him under the terms of his mortgage and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for a personal decree against the defendant for the amount of the balance; and that the parties are at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they may have occasion, and no such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule

Description of the Mortgaged Property

..............

No. 6.

Final decree for sale.

(Order 34, rule 5.)

(Title).

Upon reading the preliminary decree passed in this suit on the ........... day of ........... and further orders (if any) dated ........... day of ........... and the application of the plaintiff, dated the ........... day of ........... for a final decree and after hearing the parties and it appearing that the payment directed by the said decree and orders has not been made by the defendant or any person on his behalf or any other person entitled to redeem the mortgage.

It is hereby ordered and decreed that the mortgaged property in the aforesaid preliminary decree mentioned or a sufficient part thereof be sold, and that for the purposes of such sale the plaintiff shall produce before the Court or such officer as it appoints all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property.

2. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into the Court and shall be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) in payment of the amount payable to the plaintiff under the aforesaid preliminary decree and under any further orders that may have been passed in this suit and in payment of any amount which the Court may have adjudged due to the plaintiff for such costs of the suit including the costs of this application and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any, shall be paid to the defendant or other persons entitled to receive the same.

No. 7.

Preliminary decree for redemption where on default of payment by mortgagor a decree for foreclosure is passed.

(Order 34, rule 7.- Where accounts are directed to be taken).

(Title).

This suit coming on this .......... day, etc. It is hereby ordered and decreed that it be referred to as the Commissioner to take the accounts following:-

(i) an account of what is due on this date to the defendant for principal and interest on the mortgage mentioned in the plaint (such interest to be computed at the rate payable on the principal or where no such rate is fixed, at six percent, per annum or at such rate as the Court deems reasonable };

(ii) an account of the income of the mortgaged property received up to this date by the defendant or by any other person by order or for the use of the defendant or which without the wilful default of the defendant or such person might have been so received;

(iii) an account of all sums of money properly incurred by the defendant up to this date for costs, charges and expenses (other than the costs of the suit) in respect of the mortgage-security together with-interest thereon (such interest to be computed at the rate agreed between the parties, or, failing such rate, at the same rate is payable on the principal, or, failing both such rates, at nine percent per annum.

(iv) an account of any loss or damage caused to the mortgaged property before this date by any act or omission of the defendant which is destructive of, or permanently injurious to, the property or by his failure to perform any of the duties imposed upon him by any law for the time being in force or by the terms of the mortgage deed.

2. It is hereby further ordered and decreed that any amount received under clause (ii) or adjudged due under clause (iv) above, together with interest thereon, shall be adjusted against any sums paid by the defendant under clause (iii) together with interest thereon, and the balance, if any, shall be added to the mortgage-money or, as the case may be, be debited in reduction of the amount due to the defendant on account of interest on the principal sum adjudged due and thereafter in reduction or discharge of the principal.
3. And it is hereby further ordered that the said Commissioner shall present the account to this Court with all convenient dispatch after making all just allowances on or before the .......... day of .........., and that, upon such report of the Commissioner being received, it shall be confirmed and countersigned, subject to such modification as may be necessary after consideration of such objections as the parties to the suit may make.
4. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed-

(i) that the plaintiff do pay into Court on or before the .............. day of ............., or any later date up to which time for payment may be extended by the Court, such sum as the Court shall find due and the sum of Rs. ................... for the costs of the suit awarded to the defendant;

(ii) that, no such payment and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the defendant shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents shall be delivered over to the plaintiff, or to such person as he appoints, and the defendant shall, if so required, re-convey or re-transfer the said property free from the said mortgaged and clear of and from all encumbrances created by the defendant or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claims and free from all liability whatsoever arising from the mortgage or this suit and shall, if so required, deliver up to the plaintiff quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

5. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment as aforesaid, the defendant shall be at liberty to apply to the Court for a final decree that the plaintiff shall thenceforth stand absolutely debarred and fore-closed of and from all right to redeem the mortgaged property described in the Schedule annexed hereto and shall if so required, deliver up to the defendant quiet and peaceable possession of the said property; and that the parties shall be at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule.

Description of the Mortgaged Property

.................

No. 7-A.

Preliminary decree for redemption where on default of payment by Mortgagor a decree for sale is passed.

(Order 34, rule 7.- Where accounts are directed to be taken.)

(Title).

This suit coming on this ......... day, etc. It is hereby ordered and decreed that it be referred to ......... as the Commissioner to take the accounts followings:-

(i) an account of what is due on this date to the defendant for principal and interest on the mortgaged mentioned in the plaint (such interest to be computed at the rate payable on the principal or where no such rate is fixed, at six percent per annum or at such rate as the Court deems reasonable);

(ii) an account of the income of the mortgaged property received up to this date by the defendant or by any other person by the order or for the use of the defendant or which without the wilful default of the defendant or such person might have been so received.

(iii) an account of all sums of money properly incurred by the defendant up to this date for costs, charge and expenses (other than the costs of the suit in respect of the mortgage security together with interest thereon (such interest to be computed at the rate agreed between the parties, or failing such rate, at the same rate as is payable on the principal, or failing both such rates, at nine percent, per annum);

(iv) an account of any loss or damage caused to the mortgaged property before this date by any act or omission of the defendant which is destructive of, or permanently injurious to, the property or by his failure to perform any of the duties imposed upon him by any law for the time being in force or by the terms of the mortgage-deed.

2. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that any amount received under clause (ii) or adjudged due under clause (iv) above together with interest thereon, shall first be adjusted against any sums paid by the defendant under clause (iii) together with interest thereon, and the balance if any shall be added to the mortgage-money, or as the case may be, be debited in reduction of the amount due to the defendant on account of interest on the principal sum adjudged due and thereafter in reduction or discharge of the principal.
3. And it is hereby further ordered that the said Commissioner shall present the account to this Court with all convenient dispatch after making all just allowances on or before the ............. day of ............., and that, upon such report of the Commissioner being received, it shall be confirmed and countersigned, subject to such modification as may be necessary after consideration of such objections as the parties to the suit may make.
4. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed-

(i) that the plaintiff do pay into Court on or before the .................. day of.................. or any later date up to which time for payment may be extended by the Court, such sum as the Court shall find due and the sum of Rs .................. for the cost of the suit awarded to the defendant;

(ii) That, on such payment and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the defendant shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents shall be delivered over to the plaintiff, or to such person as he appoints, and the defendant shall, if so required, re-convey or re-transfer the said property free from the said mortgage and clear of and from all encumbrances created by the defendant or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claims and shall if so required deliver up to the plaintiff quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

5. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment as aforesaid, the defendant may apply to the Court for a final decree for the sale of the mortgaged property; and on such application being made the mortgaged property or sufficient part thereof shall be directed to be sold; and for the purposes of such sale the defendant shall produce before the Court or such officer as it appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property.
6. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into Court and shall be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) in payment of the amount payable to the defendant under this decree and under any further orders that may passed in the suit and in payment of any amount which the Court may adjudge due to the defendant in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as my be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any , shall be paid to the plaintiff or other persons entitled to receive the same.
7. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, if the money realised by such sale shall not be sufficient for payment in full of the amount payable to the defendant as aforesaid, the defendant shall be at liberty (where such remedy is open to him under the terms of his mortgage and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for a personal decree against the plaintiff for the amount of the balance; and that the parties are at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they, may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule

Description of Mortgaged Property.

....................

No. 7-B.

Preliminary decree for redemption where on default of payment by mortgagor a decree for foreclosure is passed.

(Order 34, rule 7.- Where the Court declares the amount due).

(Title).

This suit coming on this ............. day, etc. It is hereby declared that the amount due to the defendant on the mortgage mentioned in the plaint calculated up to this day of ............. is the sum of Rs. ............. for principal, the sum of Rs. ............. for interest on the said principal, the sum of Rs. ............. for costs, charges and expenses (other than the costs of the suit) properly incurred by the defendant in respect of the mortgage-security together with interest thereon and the sum of Rs. ............. for the costs of the suit awarded to the defendant, making in all the sum of Rs.

2. And it is hereby ordered and decreed as follows:-

(i) that the plaintiff do pay into Court on or before the .............. day of .............. or any later date up to which time for payment may be extended by the Court the said sum of Rs.

(ii) that, on such payment and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order HIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the defendant shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents shall be delivered over to the plaintiff, or to such person as he appoints, and the defendant shall, if so required, re-convey or re-transfer the said property free from the said mortgage and clear of and from all encumbrances created by the defendant or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claims, and free from all liability whatsoever arising from the mortgage or this suit and shall, if so required, deliver up to the plaintiff quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

3. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment as aforesaid, the defendant may apply to the Court for a final decree that the plaintiff shall thenceforth stand absolutely debarred and foreclosed of and from all right to redeem the mortgaged property described in the Schedule annexed hereto and shall, if so required, deliver up to the defendant quiet and peaceable possession of the said property; and that the parties shall be at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule.

Description of the Mortgaged Property

.....................

No. 7-C.

Preliminary decree for redemption where on default of payment by mortgagor a decree for sale is passed

(Order 34 rule 7 — Where the Court declares the amount due.)

(Title).

This suit coming on this ........... day, etc. It is hereby declared that the amount due to the defendant on the mortgage mentioned in the plaint calculated up to this ........... day of ........... is the sum of Rs. ........... for principal, principal the sum of Rs. ........... for costs, charges and expenses the sum of Rs. ........... for interest on the said Principal the sum of Rs. ........... for (other than the costs of the suit) properly incurred by the defendant in respect of the mortgage-security together with interest thereon, and the sum of Rs. ........... for the cost of this suit awarded to the defendant, making in all the sum of Rs. ...........

2. And it is hereby ordered and decreed as follows:-

(i) that the plaintiff do pay into Court on or before the ........... day of ........... or any later date up to which time the payment may be extended by the Court the said sum of Rs. ...........

(ii) that, on such payment and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the defendant shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents shall be delivered over to the plaintiff, or to such person as he appoints, and the defendant shall, if so required, re-convey or re-transfer the said property to the plaintiff free from the said mortgage and clear of and from all encumbrances created by the defendant or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claims, and shall, if so required, deliver up to the plaintiff quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

3. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment as aforesaid, the defendant may apply to the Court for a final decree for the sale of the mortgaged property; and on such application being made, the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof shall be directed to be sold; and for the purposes of such sale the defendant shall produce before the Court or such officer as it appoints all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property.
4. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into Court and shall be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) in payment of the amount payable to the defendant under the decree and under any further orders that may be passed in this suit and in payment of any amount which the Court may adjudge due to the defendant in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order )(XXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any, shall be paid to the plaintiff or other persons entitled to receive the same.
5. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, if the money realized by such sale shall not be sufficient for payment in full of the amount payable to the defendant as aforesaid, the defendant shall be at liberty (where such remedy is open to him under the terms of his mortgage and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for a personal decree against the plaintiff for the amount of the balance; and that the parties are at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule.

Description of the Mortgaged Property

......................

No. 7-D.

Final decree for foreclosure in a redemption suit on default of payment by mortgagor.

(Order 34, rule 8).

(Title).

Upon reading the preliminary decree in this suit on the ............. day of ............. and further orders (if any) dated the ............. day of ............., and the application of the defendant dated the ............. day of ............. for a final decree and after hearing the parties, and it appearing that the payment as directed by the said decree and orders has not been made by the plaintiff or any person on his behalf or any other person entitled to redeem the mortgage;

It is hereby ordered and decreed that the plaintiff and all persons claiming through or under him be and they are hereby absolutely debarred and foreclosed of and from all right of redemption of and in the property in the aforesaid preliminary decree mentioned 1 Words not required to be deleted.[and (if the plaintiff be in possession of the said mortgaged property)] that the plaintiff shall deliver to the defendant quiet and peaceable possession of the said mortgaged property.

2. And it is hereby further declared that the whole of the liability whatsoever of the plaintiff up to this day arising from the said mortgage mentioned in the plaint or from this suit it hereby discharged and extinguished.

No. 7-E.

Final decree for sale in a redemption suit on default of payment by mortgagor.

(Order 34, rule 8.).

(Title).

Upon reading the preliminary decree passed in this suit on the ............ day of .......... and further orders (if any) dated the ........... day of .......... and the application of the defendant dated the .............. day of.............. for a final decree and after hearing the parties and it appearing that the payment directed by the said decree and orders has not been made by the plaintiff or any person on his behalf or any other person entitled to redeem the mortgage.

It is hereby ordered and decreed that the mortgaged property in the aforesaid preliminary decree mentioned or a sufficient part thereof be sold and that for the purposes of such sale the defendant shall produce before the Court, or such officer as it appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property.

2. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into Court and shall be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses the sale) in payment of the amount payable to the defendant under the aforesaid preliminary decree and under any further orders that may have been passed in this suit and in payment of any amount which the Court may have adjudged due to the defendant for such costs of this suit including the costs of this application and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with the subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order )00(1V of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any, shall be paid to the plaintiff or other persons entitled to receive the same.

No. 7-F.

Final decree in a suit for foreclosure, sale or redemption where the mortgagor pays the amount of the decree.

(Order 34, rules 3,5 and 8).

(Title).

This suit coming on this ........... day for further consideration and it appearing that on the ........... day of ........... the mortgagor or ..........., the same being a person entitled to redeem, has paid into Court all amounts due to the mortgagee under the preliminary decree dated the ............ day of ...........It is hereby ordered and decreed that:-

(i) the mortgagee do execute a deed of re-conveyance of the property in the aforesaid preliminary decree mentioned in favour of the mortgagor [or as the case may be, .............who has redeemed the property] or an acknowledgement of the payment of the amount due in his favour;

(ii) the mortgagee do bring into Court all documents in his possession and power relating to the mortgaged property in the suit.

And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, upon the mortgagee executing the deed of re-conveyance or acknowledgement in the manner aforesaid.

(i) the said sum of Rs. ............. be paid out of Court to the mortgagee;

(ii) the said deeds and documents brought into the Court be delivered out of Court to the mortgagor [or the person making the payment] and the mortgagee do, when so required, concur in registering, at the cost of the mortgagor [or other person making the payment], the said deed of re conveyance or the acknowledgement in the office of the Sub-Registrar of .............; and

(iii) [if the mortgagee, plaintiff or defendant, as the case may be, is in possession of the mortgaged property] that the mortgagee do forthwith deliver possession of the mortgaged property in the aforesaid preliminary decree mentioned to the mortgagor] [or such person as aforesaid who has made the payment].

No. 8.

Decree against mortgagor personally for balance after the sale of the mortgaged property.

(Order 34, rules 6 and 8-A).

(Title).

Upon reading the application of the mortgagee (the plaintiff or defendant, as the case may be) and reading the final decree passed in the suit on the ............ day of............ and the Court being satisfied that the net proceeds of the sale held under the aforesaid final decree amounted to Rs. ............ and have been paid to the applicant out of the Court on the ............ day of ............ and that the balance now due to him under the aforesaid decree is Rs. ............

And whereas it appears to the Court that the said sum is legally recoverable from the mortgagor (plaintiff or defendant, as the case may be) personally.

It is hereby ordered and decreed as follows:

That the mortgagor (plaintiff or defendant, as the case may be) do pay to the mortgagee( defendant or plaintiff as the case may be the said sum of Rs. ........... with further interest at the rate of six percent per annum from the ........... day of ........... (the date of payment out of Court referred above) up to the date of realization of the said sum, and the costs of this application.

No. 9.

Preliminary decree for foreclosure or sale.

(plaintiff ............ 1st Mortgagee,

VERSUS

Defendant No. 1.............. Mortgagor

Defendant No. 2.............. 2nd Mortgagee

(Order 34, rules 2 and 4).

(Title)

The suit coming on this................. day , etc. It is hereby declared that the amount due to the plaintiff on the mortgage mentioned in the plaint calculated up to this ................. day of................. is the sum of Rs. ................. for principal, sum of Rs. ................. for interest on the said principal, the sum of Rs. ................. for costs, charges and expenses (other than the costs of the suit) incurred by the plaintiff in respect of the mortgage security with interest thereon and the sum of Rs. ................. for the costs of this suit awarded to the plaintiff, making in all the sum of Rs. .................

(Similar declarations to be introduced with regard to the amount due to defendant No. 2 in respect of his mortgage if the mortgage money due thereunder has become payable at the date of the suit.)

2. It is further declared that the plaintiff is entitled to payment of the amount due to him in priority to defendant No. 2 [or (if there are several subsequent mortgagees) that the several parties hereto are entitled in the following order to the payment of the sums due to them respectively].
3. And it is hereby ordered and decreed as follows:-

(i)(a) that defendants or one of them do pay into Court on or before the ................. day of .................or any later date up to which time for payment has been ................. extended by the Court the said sum of Rs. ................. due to plaintiff; and

(b) that defendant No. 1 do pay into court on or before the day of ................. or any later date up to which time for payment has been extended by the Court the said sum of Rs .................due to defendant No. 2; and

(ii) that, on payment of the sum declared to be due to the plaintiff by defendants or either of them in the manner prescribed in clause (i) (a) and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix or such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rules 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the plaintiff shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned and all such documents shall be delivered over to the defendant No. .................( who has made the payment), or to such person as he appoints, and the plaintiff shall, if so required, re-convey or re-transfer the said property free from the said mortgage and clear of and from all encumbrances created by the plaintiff or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claims, and also free from all liability whatsoever arising from the mortgage or this suit and shall, if so required deliver up to the defendant No. ................. (who has made the payment) quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

(Similar declarations to be introduced, if defendant No. 1 pays the amount found or declared to be due to defendant No. 2 with such variations as may be necessary having regard to the nature of his mortgage).

4. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed in default of payment as aforesaid of the amount due to the plaintiff, the plaintiff shall be at liberty to apply to the Court for a final decree-

(i) [in the case of a mortgage by conditional sale or an anomalous mortgage where the only remedy provided for in the mortgage-deed is foreclosure and not sale] that the defendants jointly and severally shall thenceforth stand absolutely debarred and foreclosed of and from all right to redeem the mortgaged property described in the Schedule annexed hereto and shall, if so required, deliver to the plaintiff quiet and peaceable possession of the said property; or

(ii) [in the case of any other mortgage] that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof shall be sold; and that for the purposes of such sale the plaintiff shall produce before the court or such officer as it appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgage property; and

(iii) [in the case where a sale is ordered under clause 4 (ii) above] that the money realised by such sale shall be paid into Court and be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale ) in payment of the amount payable to the plaintiff under this decree and under any further orders that may have been passed in this suit and in payment of the amount which the Court may adjudge due to the plaintiff in respect of such costs of this suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any, shall be applied in payment of the amount due to defendant No. 2; and that if any balance be left, it shall be paid to the defendant No. 1 or other persons entitled to receive the same; and

(iv) that, if the money realised by such sale shall not be sufficient for payment in full of the amounts due to the plaintiff and defendant No. 2, the plaintiff or defendant No. 2 or both of them, as the case may be, shall be at liberty (when such remedy is open under the terms of their respective mortgages and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for a personal decree against defendant No. 1 for the amounts remaining due to them respectively.

5. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed-

(a) that if defendant No.2 pays into Court to the credit of this suit the amount adjudged due to the plaintiff, but defendant No. 1 makes default in the payment of the said amount, defendant No.2 shall be at liberty to apply to the Court to keep the plaintiffs mortgage alive for his benefit and to apply for a final decree ( in the same manner as the plaintiff might have done under clause 4 above)

[(i) that defendant No. 1 shall thenceforth stand absolutely debarred and foreclosed of and from all right to redeem the mortgaged property described in the Schedule annexed hereto and shall, if so required, deliver up to defendant No. 2 quiet and peaceable possession of the said property;] or

[(ii) that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof be sold and that for the purposes of such sale defendant No. 2 shall produce before the Court or such officer as it appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property;] and

(b) [if on the application of defendant No. 2 such a final decree for foreclosure is passed], that the whole of the liability of defendant No. 1 arising from the plaintiff's mortgage or from the mortgage of defendant No. 2 or from this suit shall be deemed to have been discharged and extinguished.

6. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed [in the case where a sale is ordered under clause 5 above]-

(i) that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into Court and be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) first in payment of the amount paid by defendant No. 2 in respect of the plaintiff's mortgage and the cost of the suit in connection therewith and in payment of the amount which the Court may adjudge due in respect of subsequent interests on the said amount; and that the balance, if any, shall then be applied in payment of the amount adjudged due to defendant No. 2 in respect of his own mortgage under this decree and any further orders that may be passed and in payment of the amount which the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of this suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable to defendant No. 2 under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may by payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any, shall be paid to defendant No. 1 or other person entitled to receive the same; and

(ii) that, if the money realized by such sale shall not be sufficient for payment in full of the amount due in respect of the plaintiffs mortgage or defendant No. 2's mortgage, defendant No. 2 shall be at liberty (where such remedy is open to him under the terms of his mortgage and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for the personal decree against defendant No. 1 for the amount of the balance.

7. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that the parties are at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule.

Description of the Mortgaged Property

.................

No. 10.

Preliminary decree for redemption of prior mortgage and foreclosure or sale on subsequent mortgage.

(Plaintiff ............ 2nd Mortgagee.

Versus

Defendant No. 1 ............... Mortgagor,

Defendant No. 2............... 1st Mortgagee.

(Order 34, rules 2, 4 and 7).

(Title).

The suit coming on this........ day, etc. It is hereby declared that the amount due to defendant No. 2 on the mortgage mentioned in the plaint calculated up to this ........ day of ........ is the sum of Rs. ........ for principal, the sum of Rs. ........ for interest on the said principal, the sum of Rs. ........ for costs, charges and expenses (other than the costs of the suit) properly incurred by defendant No. 2 in respect of the mortgage security with interest thereon and the sum of Rs. ........ for the costs of this suit awarded to defendant No. 2, making in all the sum of Rs. ........

(Similar declarations to be introduced with regard to the amount due from defendant No. 1 to the plaintiff in respect of his mortgage if the mortgage money due thereunder has become payable at the date of the suit.)

2. It is further declared that defendant No. 2 is entitled to payment of the amount due to him in priority to the plaintiff [or (if there are several subsequent mortgagees) that the several parties hereto are entitled in the following order to the payment of the sums due to them respectively.]
3. And it is hereby ordered and decreed as follows:-

(i)(a) that the plaintiff or defendant No. 1 or one of them do pay into Court on or before the ........ day of ........ or any later date up to which time for payment has been extended by the Court the said sum of Rs......... due to defendant No. 2; and

(b) that defendant No. 1 do pay into Court on or before the ........ day of........ or any later date up to which time for payment has been extended by the Court the said sum of Rs. ........ due to the plaintiff; and

(ii) that, on payment of the sum declared due to defendant No. 2 by the plaintiff and defendant No. 1 or either of them in the manner prescribed in clause (i) (a) and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, defendant No. 2 shall bring into Court all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents shall be delivered over to the plaintiff No. 1 (whoever has made the payment), or to such person as he appoints, and defendant No. 2 shall, if so required, re-convey or re-transfer the said property free from the said mortgage and clear of and from all incumbrances created by defendant No. 2 or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claims, and also free from all liability whatsoever arising from the mortgage or this suit and shall, if so required, deliver up to the plaintiff or defendant No. 1 (whoever has made the payment) quiet and peaceable possession of the said property.

(Similar declarations to be introduced, if defendant No. 1, pays the amount found or declared due to the plaintiff with such variations as may be necessary having regard to the nature of his mortgage.)

4. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment as aforesaid, of the amount due to defendant No. 2, defendant No. 2 shall be at liberty to apply to the Court that the suit be dismissed or for a final decree.-

(i) [in the case of a mortgage by conditional sale or an anomalous mortgage where the only remedy provided for the mortgage-deed is foreclosure and not sale] that the plaintiff and defendant No. 1 jointly and severally shall thenceforth stand absolutely debarred and foreclosed of and from all right to redeem the mortgaged property described in the Schedule annexed hereto and shall, if so required, deliver to the defendant No. 2 quiet and peaceable possession of the property; or

(ii) [in the case where a sale is ordered under clause 4 (ii) above] that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into Court and be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) in payment of the amount payable to defendant No. 2 under the decree and any further orders that may be passed in this suit and in payment of the amount which the Court may adjudge due to defendant No. 2 in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977,and that the balance, if any, shall be applied in payment of the amount due to the plaintiff and that, if any balance be left, it shall be paid to defendant No. 1 or other persons entitled to receive the same; and

(iv) that if the money realized by such sale shall not be sufficient for payment in full of the amounts due to the plaintiff and defendant No. 2, the plaintiff or defendant No. 2 or both of them, as the case may be, shall be at liberty (when such remedy is open under the terms of their respective mortgages and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for a personal decree against defendant No. 1 for the amounts remaining due to them respectively.

5. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed

[(a) that, if the plaintiff pays into Court to the credit of this suit the amount adjudged due to the defendant No. 2 but defendant No. 1 makes default in the payment of said amount, the plaintiff shall be at liberty to apply to the Court to keep defendant No. 2's mortgage alive for his benefit and to apply for a final decree (in the same manner as the defendant No. 2, might have done under clause 4, above)-

(i) that defendant No. 1 shall thenceforth stand absolutely debarred and foreclosed of and from all right to redeem the mortgaged property described in the Schedule annexed hereto and shall, if so required, deliver up to the plaintiff quiet and peaceable possession of the said property;] or

[(ii) that the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof ........... be sold and that for the purposes of such sale the plaintiff shall produce before the Court or such officer as it appoints, all documents in his possession or power relating to the mortgaged property;]and

(b) (if on the application of defendant No. 2 such a final decree for foreclosure is passed), that the whole of the liability of defendant No. 1 arising from the plaintiff's mortgage or from the mortgage of defendant No. 2 or from this suit shall be deemed to have been discharged and extinguished.

6. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed [in the case where a sale is ordered under clause 5 above]

(i) that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into court and be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) first in payment of the amount paid by the plaintiff in respect of defendant No. 2's mortgage and the costs of the suit in connection therewith and in payment of the amount which the Court may adjudge due in respect of subsequent interest on the said amount; and that the balance, if any, shall then be applied in payment of the amount adjudged due to the plaintiff in respect of his own mortgage under this decree and any further orders that may be passed and in payment of the amount which the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs of the suit and such costs charges and expenses as may be payable to the plaintiff under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any, shall be paid to the defendant No. 1 or other persons entitled to receive the same ; and

(ii) that, if the money realized by such sale shall not be sufficient for payment in full of the amount due in respect of defendant No. 2's mortgage or the plaintiff's mortgage, defendant No. 2 shall be at liberty (where such remedy is open to him under the terms of his mortgage and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for a personal decree against defendant No. 1 for the amount of the balance.

7. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that the parties are at liberty to apply to the Court from time to time as they may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit.

Schedule

Description of the Mortgaged Property

............

No. 11.

Preliminary Decree for sale

(Plaintiff ............. Sub or derivative mortgagee

Versus

Defendant No. 1.......... Mortgagor

Defendant No. 2.......... Original Mortgagee.

(Order 34, rule 4).

(Title).

This suit coming on this ......... day, etc. It is hereby declared that the amount due to defendant No. 2 on his mortgage calculated up to this ......... day of ......... is the sum of Rs. ......... for principal, the sum of Rs. ......... for interest on the said principal, the sum of Rs. ......... for costs, charges and expenses (other than the costs of the suit) in respect of the mortgage security, together with interest thereon and the sum of Rs. ......... for the costs of the suit awarded to defendant No. 2, making in all the sum of Rs.

(Similar declarations to be introduced with regard to the amount due from defendant No. 2 to the plaintiff in respect of his mortgage.)

2. And it is hereby ordered and decreed as follows :

(i) that defendant No. 1 do pay into Court on or before the said ......... day of ......... or any later date up to which time for payment may be extended by the Court the said sum of Rs. ......... due to defendant No. 2......... .

(Similar declarations to be introduced with regard to the amount due to plaintiff defendant No. 2 being at liberty to pay such amount.)

(ii) that, on payment of the sum declared due to defendant No. 2 by defendant No. 1 in the manner prescribed in clause 2 (i) and on payment thereafter before such date as the Court may fix of such amount as the Court may adjudge due in respect of such costs of the suit and such costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, the plaintiff and defendant No. 2 shall bring into Court all documents in their possession or power relating to the mortgaged property in the plaint mentioned, and all such documents (except such as relate only to the sub-mortgage) shall be delivered over to defendant No. 1 or to such person as he appoints, and defendant No. 2 shall, if so required, re-convey or re-transfer the property to defendant No. 1 free from the said mortgage clear of and from all incumbrances created by defendant No. 2 or any person claiming under him or any person under whom he claims, and free from all liability arising from the mortgage or this suit and shall, if so required, deliver up to the defendant No. 1 quiet and peaceable possession of the said property; and

(iii) that, upon payment into the Court by defendant No. 1 of the amount due to defendant No. 2, the plaintiff shall be at liberty to apply for payment to him of the sum declared due to him together with any subsequent costs of the suit and other costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, and that the balance, if any, shall then be paid to defendant No. 2; and that if the amount paid into the Court be not sufficient to pay in full the sum due to the plaintiff, the plaintiff shall be at liberty (if such remedy is open to him by the terms of the mortgage and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for a personal decree against defendant No. 2 for the amount of the balance.

3. And it is further ordered and decreed that if defendant No. 2 pays into Court to the credit of this suit the amount adjudged due to the plaintiff, the plaintiff shall bring into the Court all documents, etc [as in sub-clause (ii) of clause 2).
4. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, in default of payment by defendants Nos. 1 and 2 as aforesaid, the plaintiff may apply to the Court for a final decree for sale, and on such application being made the mortgaged property or a sufficient part thereof shall be directed to be sold; and that for the purposes of such sale the plaintiff and defendant No. 2 shall produce before the Court or such officer as it appoints, all documents in their possession or power relating to the mortgaged property.
5. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that the money realized by such sale shall be paid into Court and be duly applied (after deduction therefrom of the expenses of the sale) first in payment of the amount due to the plaintiff as specified in clause 1 above with such costs of the suits and other costs, charges and expenses as may be payable under rule 10, together with such subsequent interest as may be payable under rule 11, of Order XXXIV of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, Svt. 1977, and the balance, if any, shall be applied in payment of the amount due to defendant No. 2; and that, if any balance be left, it shall be paid to defendant No. 1 or other persons entitled to receive the same.
6. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, if the money realized by such sale shall not be sufficient for payment, in full of the amounts payable to the plaintiff and defendant No. 2, the plaintiff or defendant No. 2 or both of them, as the case may be, shall be at liberty (if such remedy is open under their respective mortgages and is not barred by any law for the time being in force) to apply for a personal decree against defendant No. 2 or defendant No. 1 (as the case may be) for the amount of the balance.
7. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that, if defendant No. 2 pays into Court to the credit of this suit the amount adjudged due to the plaintiff, but defendant No. 1 makes default in payment of the amount due to defendant No. 2, defendant No. 2 shall be at liberty to apply to Court for a final decree for foreclosure or sale (as the case may be)- (declarations in the ordinary form to be introduced according to the nature of defendant No. 2's mortgage and the remedies open to him thereunder).
8. And it is hereby further ordered and decreed that the parties are at liberty to apply to the Court as they may have occasion, and on such application or otherwise the Court may give such directions as it thinks fit;

Schedule

Description of the Mortgaged Property

No. 12.

Decree for Rectification of Instrument.

(Title).

It is hereby declared that ........, dated the ........ day of ........ 19 ...., does not truly express the intention of the parties to such ........ And it is decreed that the said ........ be rectified by ........

No. 13.

Decree to set aside a transfer in fraud of creditors.

(Title).

It is hereby declared that ........., dated the......... day of ......... 19 ........., and make between ......... and ......... is void as against the plaintiff and all other creditors, if any, of the defendant.

No. 14.

Injunction against Private Nuisance.

(Title).

Let the defendant ........, his agents, servants and workmen, be perpetually restrained from burning, or causing to be burnt, any bricks on the defendant's plot of land marked B in the annexed plan, so as to occasion a nuisance to the plaintiff as the owner or occupier of the dwelling-house and garden mentioned in the plaint as belonging to and being occupied by the plaintiff.

No. 15.

Injunction against building higher than old level

(Title).

Let the defendant .........., his contractors, agents and workmen, be perpetually restrained from continuing to erect upon his premises in .......... any house or building of a greater height then the buildings which formerly stood upon his said premises and which have been recently pulled down, so or in such manner as to darken, injure or obstruct such of the plaintiff's windows in his said premises as are ancient lights.

No. 16.

Injunction restraining use of Private Road

(Title).

Let the defendant ........., his contractors, agents, servants and work men, be perpetually restrained from using or permitting to be used any part of the lane at ........., the soil of which belongs to the plaintiff, as a carriage-way for the passage of cars, carriages or other vehicles, either going to or from the land marked B in the annexed plan or for any purpose whatsoever.

No. 17.

Preliminary Decree in an Administration-suit.

(Title).

It is ordered that the following accounts and inquiries be taken and made; that is to say:-

In creditor's suit-

1. That an account be taken of what is due to the plaintiff and all other the creditors of the deceased.

In suits by legatees

2. That an account be taken of the legacies given by the testator's will.

In suits by next-of-Kin

3. That an inquiry be made and account taken of what or of what share, if any, the plaintiff is entitled to as next-of-kin (or one of the next-of-kin) of the intestate.

(After the first paragraph, the decree will , where necessary, order, in a creditor's suit, inquiry and accounts for legatees, heirs-at-law and next-of-kin.

In suits by claimant other than creditors, after the first paragraph in all the cases an order to inquire and take an account of creditors will follow, the first paragraph and such of the others as may be necessary will follow, omitting the first formal words. The form is continued a in a creditor's suit.)

4. An account of the funeral and testamentary expenses.
5. An account of the movable property of the deceased come to the hands of the defendant, or to the hands of any other person by his order or for his use.
6. An inquiry what part (if any) of the movable property of the deceased is outstanding and undisposed of.
7. And it is further ordered that the defendant do, on or before ........ the day........ of ........ next, pay into Court all sums money which shall be found to have come to his hands, or to the hands of any person by his order or for his use.
8. And that if the l Here insert the name of proper officer. ........ shall find it necessary for carrying out the objects of the suit to sell any part of the movable property of the deceased, that the same be sold accordingly, and the proceeds paid into Court.
9. And that Mr. E.F. be receiver in the suit (or proceeding) and receive and get in all outstanding, debts and outstanding movable property of the deceased, and pay the same into the hands of the[and shall give security by bond for the due performance of his duties to the amount of ........ Rupees.]
10. And it is further ordered that if the movable property of the deceased be found insufficient for carrying out the objects of the suits, then the following further inquiries be made, and accounts taken, that is to say

(a) an inquiry what immovable property the deceased was seized of or entitled to at the time of his death;

(b) an inquiry what are the encumbrances (if any) affecting the immovable property of the deceased or any part thereof;

(c) an account, so far as possible, of what is due to the several encumbrances, and to include a statement of the priorities of such of the incumbrances a shall consent to the sale hereinafter directed.

11. And that immovable property of the deceased , or so much thereof as shall be necessary to make up the fund in Court sufficient to carry out the object of the suit, be sold with the approbation of the judge, free from encumbrances (if any) of such encumbrances as shall consent to the sale and subject to the encumbrances of such of them as shall not consent.
12. And it is ordered that G.H. shall have the conduct of the sale of the immovable property, and shall prepare the conditions and contracts of sale subject to the approval of the .............. and that in case any doubt or difficulty shall arise the papers shall be submitted to the Judge to settle.
13. And it is further ordered that, for the purposes of the inquiries hereinbefore directed, the [shall advertise in the newspapers according to the practice of the Court,] or shall make such inquiries in any other way which shall appear to the [to give the most useful publicity to such inquiries].
14. And it is ordered that the above inquiries and accounts be made and taken, and that all other acts ordered to be done be completed, before the ............... day of .............., and that the l Here insert the name of proper officer. ........ do certify the result of the inquiries and the accounts, and that all other acts ordered are completed, and have his certificate in that behalf ready for the inspection of the parties on the ....... day of ..........
15. And, lastly it is ordered that this suit(or proceedings) stand ad journed for making final decree to the day of ...........

(Such part only of this decree is to be used as is applicable to the particular case.)

No. 18.

Final decree in an Administration-suit by a Legatee.

(Title)

1. It is ordered that the defendant ......... do, on or before the ......... day of ........., pay into Court the sum of Rs. ......... the balance by the said certificate found to be due from the said defendant on account of the estate of ........., the testator, and also the sum of Rs. ......... for interest, at the rate of Rs. ......... per cent, per annum from the ......... day of ......... to the ......... day of ........., amounting together to the sum of Rs. .........
2. Let the l Here insert the name of proper officer. ......... of the said Court tax the costs of the plaintiff and defendant in this suit, and let the amount of the said costs, when so taxed, be paid out of the said sum of Rs. ........., ordered to be paid into Court as aforesaid as follows:

(a) The cost of the plaintiff to Mr. ......... his attorney (or pleader) or and the cots of the defendant to Mr. ......... his attorney (or pleader).

(b) and (if any debits are due) with the residue of the said sum of Rs. ........ after payment of the plaintiff's and defendant's costs as aforesaid, let the sums, found to be owing to the several creditors mentioned in the ........ schedule to the certificate of the ........, together with subsequent interest on such of the debts as bear interest, paid; and after making such payments let the amount coming to the several legatee mentioned in the ........ schedule, together with subsequent interest to be (verified as aforesaid), be paid to, them.

3. And if there should then be any residue, let the same be paid to the residuary legatee.

No. 19.

Preliminary Decree in an Administration-suit by a Legatee, where an Executor is held personally liable for the payment of Legacies.

(Title).

1. It is declared that the defendant is personally liable to pay the legacy of Rs. .......... bequeathed to the plaintiff;
2. And it is ordered that an account be taken of what is due for principal and interest on the said legacy;
3. And it is also ordered that the defendant do, within, .......... weeks after the date of the certificate of the [;pay to the plaintiff the amount of what the .......... shall certify to be due for principal and interest];
4. And it is ordered that the defendant do pay the plaintiff his costs of the suit, the same to be taxed in case the parties differ.

No. 20.

Final Decree in Administration-suit by Next-of-kin

(Title)

1. Let the [of the said Court tax the costs of the plaintiff and defendant in this suit, and let the amount of the said plaintiff's costs, when so taxed, be paid by the defendant to the plaintiff out of the sum of Rs. ........, the balance by the said certificate found to be due from the said defendant on account of the personal estate of E.F, the intestate within one week after the taxation of said costs by the said ........ and let the defendant retain for her own use out of such sum her costs, when taxed.]
2. And it is ordered that the residue of the said sum of Rs. ........ after payment of the plaintiffs and defendant's costs as aforesaid, be paid and applied by defendant as follows:

(a) Let the defendant within one week aft,-r the taxation of the said costs by the l Here insert the name of proper officer. ........ as aforesaid, pay one-third share of the said residue to the plaintiffs A.B. and C.D., his wife, in her right as the sister and one of the next-of-kin of the said E.F., the intestate.

(b) Let the defendant retain for her own use one other third share of the said residue, as the mother and one of the next-of-Kin of the said E.F., the intestate.

(c) And let the defendant, within one week after the taxation of the said costs by the l Here insert the name of proper officer. ........ as aforesaid, pay the remaining one-third share of the said residue to G.H., as the brother and the other next-of-Kin of the said E.F.,

No. 21.

Preliminary decree in a suit for dissolution of partnership and the taking of partnership accounts.

(Title).

It is declared that the proportionate shares of the parties in the partnership are as follows:

It is declared that this partnership shall stand dissolved [or shall be deemed to have been dissolved] as from the ......... day of ......... and it is ordered that the dissolution thereof as from that day be advertised in the Government Gazette etc.

And it is ordered that ......... be the receiver of the partnership-estate and effects in this suit and do get in all the outstanding book-debts and claims of the partnership.

And it is ordered that the following accounts be taken.-

1. An account of the credits property and effects now belonging to the said partnership;
2. An account of the debts and liabilities of the said partnership;
3. An account of all dealings and transactions between the plaintiff and defendant, from the foot of the settled account exhibited in this suit and marked (A), and not disturbing any subsequent settled accounts.

And it is ordered that the good will of the business heretofore carried on by the plaintiff and defendant as in the plaint mentioned and the stock-in-trade, be sold on the premises, and the [may, on the application of any of the parties, fix a reserved bidding for all or any of the lots at such sale, and that either of the parties is to be at liberty to bid at the sale].

And it is ordered that the above accounts be taken, and all the other acts required to be done be completed, before the ......... day of ........ and that the .......... do certify the result of the accounts, and that all other acts are completed, and have his certificate in that behalf ready for the inspection of the parties on the ......... day of .........

And, lastly, it is ordered that this suit stand adjourned for making a final decree to the ............ day of ............

No. 22.

Final decree in a suit for dissolution of partnership and the taking of partnership accounts

(Title).

It is ordered that the fund now in Court, amounting to the sum of Rs. ........, be applied as follows:-

1. In payment of the debts due by the partnership set forth in the certificate of the .......... amounting in the whole to Rs. ..........
2. In payment of the costs of all parties in this suit, amounting to Rs. ....[These costs must be ascertained before the decree is drawn up.]
3. In payment of the sum of Rs. ......... to the plaintiff as his share of the partnership-assets, of the sum of Rs. ........., being the residue of the said sum of Rs. ......... now in Court, to the defendant as his share of the partnership-assets.

[Or, and the remainder of the said sum of Rs. ......... be paid to the said plaintiff (or defendant ) in part payment of the sum of Rs .......... certified to be due to him in respect of the partnership-accounts.]

4. And that the defendant [or plaintiff ] do on or before the ........ day of ........ pay to the plaintiff [or defendant] the sum of Rs. ........ being the balance of the said sum of Rs. .......... due to him, which will then remain due.

No. 23.

Decree for recovery of land and mesne profits.

(Title).

It is hereby decreed as follows :-

1. That the defendant do put the plaintiff in possession of the property specified in the schedule hereunto annexed.
2. That the defendant do pay to the plaintiff the sum of Rs. ........ with interest thereon at the rate of ....... per cent, per annum to the date of realization on account of mesne profits which have accrued due prior to the institution of the suit.

Or

2. That an inquiry be made as to the amount of mesne profits which have accrued due prior to the institution of the suit.
3. That an inquiry be made as to the amount of mesne profits from the institution of the suit until [the delivery of possession to the decree-holder] [the relinquishment of possession by the judgment-debtor with notice to the decree-holder through the Court] [the expiration of three years from the date of the decree.]

Schedule

.............

Appendix E—Execution

No. 1.

Notice to show cause why a payment or adjustment should not be recorded as certified.

(

O.21, r.2).

(Title).

To

Whereas in execution of the decree in the above-named suit ........ has applied to this Court that the sum of Rs. ......... recoverable under the decree has been paid/adjusted and should be recorded as certified, this to give you are to appear before this Court on the ....... day of ...... 19 ..........., to show cause why the payment/adjustment aforesaid should not be recorded as certified.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day...... 19 ........

Judge

No. 2.

Precept. (Section 46).

(Title).

Upon hearing the decree-holder it is ordered that this precept be sent to the Court of....... at ....... under section 46 of the Code of Civil Procedure, Svt. 1977, with directions to attach the property specified in the annexed schedule and to hold the same pending any application which may be made by the decree-holder for execution of the decree.

Judge.

Schedule

Dated the .......... day of ........ 19...........

No. 3.

Order sending decree for execution to another Court.

(O.21, r.6).

(Title).

Whereas the decree-holder in the above suit has applied to this Court for a certificate to be sent to the Court of ......... at ........ for execution of the decree in the above suit by the said Court, alleging that the judgment-debtor resides or has property within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the said Court, and it is deemed necessary and proper to send a certificate to the said Court under Order XXI, rule 6, of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, it is

Ordered :

That a copy of this order be sent to ........... with a copy of the decree and of any order which may have been made for execution of the same and a certificate of non-satisfaction.

Dated the ........ day of ........... 19 ..........

Judge

No. 4.

Certificate of non-satisfaction of decree.

(O.21, r.6).

(Title).

Certified that [no satisfaction of the decree of this Court in Suit No....... of...... 19 ......., a copy which is hereunto attached, has been obtained by execution within the jurisdiction of this Court.]

Dated the ........ day of ......... 19 .......

Judge.

No. 5

Certificate of execution of decree transferred to another Court.

Number of suit and the Court by which the decree was passed.	Names of parties.	Date of application for execution.	Number of the execution case.	Processes issued and dates of service thereof.	Costs of execution.	Amount realised.	How the case is disposed of.	Remarks.
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9

Signature of

Moharrir Incharge.

No. 6

Application for execution of decree

(O. 21, R. 11)

In the Court of

I ........., decree-holder hereby apply for execution of the decree herein below set forth:-

No. of suit.	Name of parties.	Date of decree.	Whether any appeal preferred from decree	Payment or adjustment made,if any	Previous application, if any with date and result.
1	2	3	4	5	6
789 of 1897	A.B. Plaintiff C.D. Defendant	10/11/97	No.	None	Rs. 72-4-0 recorded on application dated : the 4th March, 1999.

 

Amount with interest due upon the decree or other relief granted thereby together with particulars of any cross decree.	Amount of costs, if any awarded			Against whom to be executed.	Mode in which assistance of the court is required.
7	8			9	10
		Rs.	P	Against the defendant C.D.	When attachment and sale of immovable property is sought) IPray that the total amount of Rs.....together with interest onthe principal sum up to date of payment) and the cost of taking out this execution, be realized by attachment and sale of defendant's movable property specified as per annexed list and paid to me. When attachment and sale of immovable property is sought). I pray the the total amount of Rs..........(together with interest on the principal sum up to date of payment) and the cost of taking out this execution, be realized by attachment and sale of defendant's movable property specified at the foot of this application and paid to me.

I, ........... declare that what is stated herein is true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Signed ........, Decree-holder.

Dated the ......... day of ........ 19 ..........

(when attachment and sale of immovable property is sought.)

Description and Specification of Property.

The undivided one-third share of the judgment-debtor in a house situated in the village of ..........., value Rs. 40, and bounded as follows: East by G's house; West by H's house; South by public road; North by private land and J's house.

I ....... declare that what is stated in the above description is true to the best of my knowledge and belief, and so far as I have been able to ascertain the interest of the defendant in the property therein specified.

Signed ......., decree-holder

No. 7.

Notice to show cause why execution should not issue.

(O.21, r.16).

(Title).

Whereas ....... had made application to this Court for execution of decree in Suit No. ......... of 19 ........., on the allegation that the said decree has been transferred to him by assignment[or without assignment,] this is to give you notice that you are to appear before this Court ........ on the ......... day of .......... 19 ........., to show cause why execution should not be granted.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of ........ 19 .......

Judge

No. 8.

Warrant of attachment of movable property in execution of a decree for money.

(O.21, r.30)

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas ........ was ordered by decree of this Court passed on the ........ ........ day of ........ 19 ........, in Suit No. ........ of ........ 19 ........, to pay to the plaintiff the sum of Rs. ........ as noted in the margin ; and whereas the said sum of Rs. .... has not been paid. These are to command you to attach the movable property of the said ........ as set forth in the schedule hereunto annexed, or which shall be pointed out to you by the said ........, and unless the said shall pay to you the said sum of Rs. ........ together with Rs. ........ the costs of this attachment, to hold the same until further order form this Court.

DECREE
Principal ....
Interest ....
Costs ....
Costs of execution further interest ....
Total ....

You are further commanded to return this warrant on or before the ....... day of ....... 19 ......., with an endorsement certifying the day on which and manner in which it has been executed, or why it has not been executed.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of ....... 19 .....

Judge

Schedule

No. 9.

Warrant for seizure of specific movable property adjudged by decree.

(O. 21, r.31).

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas ........ was ordered by decree ........ of this Court passed on the ........ day of ........ 19 ........, in suit No. ........ of ........ 19 ........, to deliver to the plaintiff the movable property (or a ........ share in the movable property) specified in the schedule hereunto annexed, and whereas the said property (or share) has not been delivered.

These are to command you to seize the said movable property (or a ........ share of the said movable property) and to deliver it to the plaintiff or to such person as he may appoint in this behalf.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ...... day ....... of ........ 19 .........

Schedule

No. 10

Notice to state objections to draft of documents.

(O.21, r.34).

(Title).

To

Take notice that on the ........ day of ..... 19 ....... , the decree-holder in the above suit presented an application to this Court that the Court may execute on your behalf a deed of ........., whereof a draft is hereunto annexed, of the immovable property specified hereunder, and that the ....... day of .......... 19 ........, is appointed for the hearing of the said application, and that you are at liberty to appear on the said day and to state in writing any objections to the said draft.

Description of Property

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ....... day of ....... 19 ...........

Judge.

No. 11.

Warrant to the Bailiff to give possession of land, etc.

(O.21, r.35).

(Title)

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas the undermentioned property in the occupancy of...... has been decreed to ......, the plaintiff in this suit. You are hereby directed to put the said ........ in possession of the same, and you are hereby authorised to remove any person bound by the decree who may refuse to vacate the same.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........ day of ........ 19 ..........

Judge.

Schedule.

No. 12.

Notice to show cause why warrant of arrest should not issue.

(O.21, r.37).

(Title).

To

Whereas ........ has made application to this Court for execution of decree in suit No. ....... of ......... 19 ......... by arrest and imprisonment of your person, you are hereby required to appear before this court on the day of ....... 19 ........ , to show cause why you should not be committed to the civil prison in execution of the said decree.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ...... day of ........ 19 ..........

Judge.

No. 13.

Warrant of arrest in execution.

(O.21, r.38).

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas ...... was adjudged by a decree of the Court in suit No. ......... of ....... 19 ......., dated the ....... day of ...... 19 .........., to pay to the decree-holder the sum of Rs.

DECREE
Principal ....
Interest ....
Costs ....
Costs of execution further interest ....
Total ....

as noted in the margin, and whereas the said sum of Rs. ....... has not been paid to the said decree-holder in satisfaction of the said decree. These are to command you to arrest the said judgment-debtor and unless the said judgment-debtor shall pay to you the said sum of Rs. ...... together with Rs. ........ for the costs of executing this process, to bring the said defendant before the Court with all convenient speed. You are further commanded to return this warrant on or before the ........ day of ......... 19 ........., with an endorsement certifying the day on which and manner in which it has been executed, or the reason why it has not been executed.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ....... day of ......... 19 ............

Judge.

No. 14.

Warrant of committal of judgment-debtor to Jail.

(O.21, r. 40).

(Title).

To

The Officer-in-charge of the Jail at

Whereas.......... who has been brought before this Court this ........ day of .......... 19 ............, under a warrant in execution of a decree which was made and pronounced by the said Court on the........... day of .......... 19 ......, and by which decree it was ordered that the said ......... should pay .........; And whereas the said ......... has not obeyed the decree nor satisfied the Court that he is entitled to be discharged from custody; You are hereby commended and required to take and receive the said .............. into the civil prison and keep him imprisoned therein for a period not exceeding ........ or until the said decree shall be fully satisfied, or the said .......... shall be otherwise entitled to be released according to the terms and provisions of section 58 of the Code of Civil procedure, 1977; and the Court does hereby fix ........... [***] per diem as the rate of the monthly allowance for the subsistence of the said ......... during his confinement under this warrant of committal.

Given under my signature and the seal of the Court, this ...... day of ......... 19 ..........

No. 15.

Order for the release of a person imprisoned in execution of a decree.

(Section 58, 59).

(Title).

To

The Officer-in-charge of the Jail at

Under orders passed this day, you are hereby directed to set free judgment-debtor now in your custody.

Dated

Judge.

No. 16.

Attachment in Execution.

Prohibitory order where the property to be attached consists of movable property to which the defendant is entitled subject to a lien of right of some other person to the immediate possession thereof

(O.21, r. 46).

(Title).

To

Whereas ......... has failed to satisfy a decree passed against ......... on the ......... day of ....... 19 ........, in Suit No. .......... of ......... 19 ......, in favour of ....... for Rs. .......; It is ordered that the defendant be, and is hereby prohibited and restrained until the further order of this Court, from receiving from .......... the following property in the possession of the said .........., that is to say ..........., to which the defendant is entitled, subject to any claim of the said ........, and the said ........... is hereby prohibited and restrained, until the further order of this Court, from delivering the said property to any person or persons whomsoever.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this day of .......... 19 .............

Judge.

.[No. 16-A.

Affidavit of assets to be made by a judgment-debtor.

[Order XXI, rule 41 (2)]

In the Court of

A.B ........ Decree-holder

V/s

C ......... Judgment-debtor of .........

State on oath/solemn affirmation as follows:-

1. My full name is ............. (Block Capitals)
2. I live at

I am married

single

widower (widow)

divorced

4. The following person are dependent upon me:-

My employment, trade or profession is that of ............ carried on by me at ..........

I am a director of the following companies:-

6. My present annual/monthly/weekly income, after paying income tax, is as follows:-

(a) From my employment, trade or profession Rs. ............

(b) From other sources Rs. ..........

7. (a). I own the house in which I live; its value is Rs. ..........

I pay as outgoings by way of rates, mortgage, interest etc.; the annual sum of Rs ..........

(b) I pay as rent the annual sum of Rs. ..........

8. I possess the following:

(a) Banking accounts:

(b) Stocks and shares;

(c) Life and endowment policies;

[Give Particulars.]

(d) House property;

(e) Other property;

(f) Other securities;

9. The following debts are due to me:- (give particulars)

(a) From ........ of

Rs. ........

(b) From ......... of

Rs. ........(etc.)

Sworn before me etc]

No. 17.

Attachment in Execution.

Prohibitory order, where the property consists of debts not secured by Negotiable instruments.

(O.21, r.46).

(Title).

To

Whereas............ has failed to satisfy a decree passed against ............ on the ............ day of ............ 19 ............ , in Suit No. ............ of ............ 19 ........., in favour of............ for Rs............. It is ordered that the defendant be, and is hereby, prohibited and restrained until the further order of this Court, from receiving from you a certain debt alleged now to be due from you to the said defendant, namely, ......... and that you the said .......... be, and you are hereby, prohibited and restrained, until the further order of this Court, from making payment of the said debt, or any part thereof, to any person whomsoever or otherwise than into this Court.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........ day of ......... 19 .......

Judge.

No. 18.

Attachment in Execution.

Prohibitory order, where the property consists of shares in the Capital of a Corporation.

(O.21, r.46).

(Title).

To

............ Defendant and to ............, Secretary of ............ Corporation. Whereas............ has failed to satisfy a decree passed against ............ on the ............ day of ............ 19 ............, in Suit No. ............ of ............ 19 ............ , in favour of ............, for Rs. ............ It is ordered that you, the defendant, be, and you are hereby, prohibited and restrained, until the further order of this Court, from making any transfer of ............ shares in the aforesaid Corporation, namely, ............, or from receiving payment of any dividends thereon and you, ............, the Secretary of the said Corporation, are hereby prohibited and restrained from permitting any such transfer or making any such payment.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ............ day of ............19 ............

Judge.

No. 19.

Order to attach salary of public officer or servant of local authority.

(O.21, r. 48).

(Title).

To

Whereas ..........., judgment-debtor in the above-named case, is a (describe office of judgment-debtor) receiving his salary (or allowances ) at your hands; and whereas ..........., decree-holder in the said case, has applied in this Court, for the attachment of the salary (or allowances) of the said ........... to the extent of ........... due to him under the decree; You are hereby required to withhold the said sum of ........... from the salary of the said ........... in monthly instalments of........... and to remit the said sum (or monthly instalments) to this Courts.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........... day of ........... 19 ...........

Judge.

No. 20.

Order of attachment of negotiable instrument.

(O.21, r.51).

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas an order has been passed by this Court on the .......... day of ..........19 .........., for the attachment of ..........You are hereby directed to seize the said .......... and bring the same into Court.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

No. 21

Attachment.

Prohibitory order, where the property consists of money or of any security in the custody of a Court of Justice or Officer of Govt.

(O.21, r.52).

(Title).

To

Sir,

The plaintiff having applied, under rule 52 of Order XXI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, for an attachment of certain money now in your hands (here state how the money is supposed to be in the hands of the person addressed, on what account, etc.). I request that you will hold the said money subject to the further order of this Court.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your most obedient servant.

Dated the .......day of ......... 19 ...........

Judge.

No. 22.

Notice of attachment of a decree to the Court which passed it

(O.21, r.53.).

(Title).

To

The Judge of the Court of

Sir,

I have the honour to inform you that the decree obtained in your Court on the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., by in suit No. .......... of 19 .........., in which he was .......... and .......... was .......... has been attached by this Court on the application of .........., the .......... in the suit specified above. You are therefore requested to stay the execution of the decree of your Court until you receive an intimation from this Court that the present notice has been cancelled or until execution of the said decree is applied for by the holder of the decree now sought to be executed or by his judgment-debtor.

I have the honour, etc.

Dated the .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

No. 23.

Notice of attachment of a decree to the holder of the decree.

(O.21, r.53).

(Title).

To

Whereas an application has been made in this Court, by the decree-holder in the above suit for the attachment of a decree obtained by you on the day of ....... 19 ......., in the Court of....... in Suit No. ....... of 19 ......., in which ....... was.................... and was .........; It is ordered that you, the said ........., be, and you are hereby, prohibited and restrained, until the further order of this Court, from transferring or charging the same in any way.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ......... day of ......... 19 .........

Judge.

No. 24.

Attachment in Execution.

Prohibitory order, where the property consists of immovable property.

(O.21, r. 54).

(Title).

To

Whereas you have failed to satisfy a decree passed against you on the ........... day of ........... 19..........., in Suit No. ........... of 19 ........... in favour of ........... for Rs. ...........; It is ordered that you, the said ........... be, and you are hereby, prohibited and restrained, until the further order of this Court, from transferring or charging the property specified in the schedule hereunto annexed, by sale, gift or otherwise, and that all persons be, and that they are hereby, prohibited from receiving the same by purchase, gift or otherwise.

[It is also ordered that you should attend Court on the .......... day of ......... 19 ........., to take notice of the date fixed for settling the terms of the proclamation of sale.]

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........ day of ........ 19........

Judge.

Schedule.

............

No. 25.

Order for payment to the plaintiff, etc., of money, etc., in the hands of a third party.

(O.21, r.56).

(Title).

To

Whereas the following property ............ has been attached in execution of a decree in suit No. ............ of ............ 19 ............, passed on the ............ day of ............ 19 ............, in favour of ............ for Rs............. ; It is ordered that the property so attached, consisting of Rs. ............ is money, and Rs. ............ in currency-notes, or a sufficient part thereof to satisfy the said decree, shall be paid over by you, the said ............ to ............

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ............ day of ............ 19 ............

Judge.

No. 26.

Notice to attaching creditor.

(O.21.r, 58).

(Title).

To

Whereas.......... has made application to this Court for the removal of attachment on .......... placed at your instance in execution of the decree in Suit No. .......... of ..........19 .........., this is to give you notice to appear before this Court on .........., the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., either in person or by a pleader of the Court duly instructed to support your claim, as attaching creditor.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this .......... day of ..........19 ..........

Judge.

No. 27.

Warrant of sale of property in execution of a decree for money.

(O.21, r.68).

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

These are to command you to sell by auction, after giving ........... day's previous notice, by affixing the same in this Court-house, and after making due proclamation, the ........... property attached under a warrant from this Court, dated the ........... day of ........... 19 ..........., in execution of a decree in favour of ........... in Suit No. ........... of ........... 19 ..........., or so much of the said property as shall realize the sum of Rs. ........... being the ........... of the said decree and costs still remaining unsatisfied.

You are further commanded to return this warrant on or before the ........... day of ........... 19 ..........., with an endorsement certifying the manner in which it has been executed, or the reason why it has not been executed.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........... day of ........... 19 ...........

Judge.

No. 28.

Notice of the day fixed for setting a sale proclamation.

(O.21, r.66).

(Title).

To

Judgment-Debtor.

Whereas in the above-named suit ........., the decree-holder, has applied for the sale of .........; You are hereby informed ......... that the ......... day of ......... 19 ........., has been fixed for settling the terms of the proclamation of sale.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ......... day of ......... 19 .........

Judge.

No. 29.

Proclamation of sale.

(O.21, r.66).

(Title).

[(1) Suit No. ......... of 19 .........., decided by the .......... of .......... in which was Plaintiff and .......... was defendant. Notice is hereby given that, under rule 64 of Order XXI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, an order has been passed by this Court for the sale of the attached property mentioned in the annexed schedule, in satisfaction of the claim of the decree-holder in the suit mentioned in the margin (1), amounting with costs and interest up to date of sale to the sum of

The sale will be by public auction, and the property will be put up for sale in the lots specified in the schedule. The sale will be of the property of the judgment-debtors, above-named as mentioned in the schedule below; and the liabilities and claims attaching to the said property, so far as they have been ascertained, are those specified in the schedule against each lot.

In the absence of any order of postponement, the sale will be held by .......... at the monthly sale commencing at .......... O'clock on the at.......... In the event, however, of the debt above specified and of the costs of the sale being tendered or paid before the knocking down of any lot, the sale will be stopped.

At the sale the public generally are invited to bid, either personally or by duly authorised agent. No bid by, or on behalf of, the judgment-creditors above-mentioned, however, will be accepted, nor will any sale to them be valid without the express permission of the Court previously given. The following are the further:-

Conditions of Sale.

1. The particulars specified in the schedule below have been stated to the best of the information of the Court, but the Court will not be answerable for any error, mis-statement or omission in this proclamation.
2. The amount by which the biddings are to be increased shall be determined by the officer conducting by sale. In the event of any dispute arising as to the amount bid, or as to the bidder, the lot shall at once be again put up to auction.
3. The highest bidder shall be declared to be the purchaser of any lot, provided always that he is legally qualified to bid, and provided that it shall be in the discretion of the Court or officer holding the sale to decline acceptance of the highest bid when the price offered appears so clearly inadequate as to make it advisable to do so.
4. For reasons recorded, it shall be in the discretion of the officer conducting the sale to adjourn it subject always to the provisions of rule 69 of Order XXI.
5. In the case of movable property, the price of each lot shall be paid at the time of sale or as soon after as the officer holdings the sale directs, and in default of payment the property shall forthwith be again put up and re-sold.
6. In the case of immovable property, the person declared to be the purchaser shall pay immediately after such declaration a deposit of 25 percent on the amount of his purchase-money to the officer conducting the sale, and in default of such deposit the property shall forthwith be put up again and re-sold.
7. The full amount of the purchase-money shall be paid by the purchaser before the Court closes on the fifteenth day after the sale of the property, exclusive of such day, or if the fifteenth day be as Sunday or other holiday, then on the first office .........day after the fifteenth day.
8. In default of payment of the balance of purchase-money within the period allowed, the property shall be re-sold after the issue of a fresh notification of sale. The deposit, after defraying the expenses of the sale, may, if the Court thinks fit, be forfeited to Government and the defaulting purchaser shall forfeit all claims to the property or to any part of the sum for which it may be subsequently sold.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ............ day of ............ 19 ............

Judge.

Schedule of Property

Number of lot	Description of property to be sold, with the names of each owner where there are more judgment debtors than one	The revenue assessed upon the estate or part of the estate if the property to be sold is an interest, in estate or a part of an estate paying revenue to Govt.	Detail of any encumbrances to which the property is liable	Claims, if any, which have been put forward to the property and any other known particulars bearing on its nature and value	1[The value of the property as stated by the decree-holder.	The value of the property as stated by the judgment debtors:]

No. 30.

Order on the Nazir for causing service of proclamation of sale.

(O.21, r.66).

(Title).

To

The Nazir of the Court.

Whereas an order has been made for the sale of the property of the judgment-debtor specified in the schedule hereunder annexed, and whereas the ........... day of ........... 19 ..........., has been fixed for the sale of the said property, ........... copies of the proclamation of sale are by this warrant made over to you, and you are hereby ordered to have the proclamation published by beat of drum within each of the properties specified in the said schedule, to affix a copy of the said proclamation on a conspicuous part of each of the said properties and afterwards on the Court-house, and then to submit to this Court a report showing the dates on which and the manner in which the proclamations have been published.

Dated the ........... day of ........... 19 ...........

Judge.

Schedule

No. 31.

Certificate by officer holding a sale of the deficiency of price on a resale of property by reason of the purchaser's default.

(O.21, r.71).

(Title).

Certified that the re-sale of the property in execution of the decree in the above-named suit, in consequence of the default .......... on the part of .........., purchaser, there was a deficiency in the price of the said property amounting to Rs. .........., and that the expenses attending such re-sale amounted to Rs..........., making a total Rs. .........., which sum is recover able from the defaulter.

Dated the .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

To

Officer holding the sale.

No. 32.

Notice to person in possession of movable property sold in execution.

(O.21, r.79).

(Title).

To

Where as has become the purchaser at a public sale in execution of the decree in the above suit of .......... now in your possession, you are hereby prohibited from delivering possession of the said .......... to any person except the said ..........

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

No. 33.

Prohibitory order against payment of debts sold in execution to any other than the purchaser.

(O.21,r. 79 ).

(Title).

To

......... and to .........

Whereas......... has become the purchaser at a public sale in execution of the decree in the above suit of ......... being debts due from you ......... to you .........; It is ordered that you ......... be, and you are hereby, prohibited from receiving and you ......... from making payment of, the said debt to any person or persons except the said .........

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ......... day of ......... 19 .........

Judge.

No. 34.

Prohibitory order against the transfer of shares sold in execution.

(O.21, r. 79).

(Title).

To

.......... and ..........., Secretary of ........... Corporation.

Whereas.......... has become the purchaser at a public sale in execution of the decree, in the above suit, of certain shares in the above Corporation, that is to say, of .......... standing in the name of you .......... ; It is ordered that you .......... be, and you are hereby, prohibited from making any transfer of the said shares to any person except the said .......... the purchaser aforesaid, or from receiving any dividends thereon ; and you .......... Secretary of the said Corporation, from permitting any such transfer or making any such payment to any person except the said .........., the purchaser aforesaid.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

No. 35.

Certificate to judgment-debtor authorising him to mortgage, lease or sell property.

(O. 21, r.83).

(Title).

Whereas in execution of the decree passed in the above suit an order was made on the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., for the sale of the under-mentioned property of the judgment-debtor.......... and whereas the Court has, on the application on the said judgment-debtor, postponed the said sale to enable him to raise the amount of the decree by mortgage, lease or private sale of the said property or of some part thereof.

This is to certify that the Court do hereby authorise the said judgment-debtor to make the proposed mortgage, lease or sale within a period of .......... from the date of this certificate; provided that all moneys payable under such mortgage, lease or sale shall be paid into this Court and not to the said judgment-debtor.

Description of Property

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

No. 36.

Notice to show cause why sale should not be set aside.

(O. 21, rr. 90, 92).

(Title).

To

Whereas the under-mentioned property was sold on the ........... day of ........... 19 ..........., in execution of the decree passed in the above-named suit, and whereas ..........., the decree-holder [or judgment-debtor], has applied to this Court to set aside the sale of the said property on the ground of a material irregularity [or fraud] in publishing [or conducting] the sale, namely that ...........

Take notice that if you have any cause to show why the said application should not be granted, you should appear with your proofs in this Court on the ........... day of ........... 19 ..........., when the said application will be heard and determined.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........... day of ...........19 ...........

Judge.

Description Of Property

No. 37.

Notice to show cause why sale should not be aside.

(O. 21, rr. 91, 92).

(Title).

To

Whereas..........., the purchaser of the under-mentioned property sold on the ........... day of ........... 19 ........... , in execution of the decree passed in the above-named suit, has applied to this Court to set aside the sale of the said property, on the ground that ........... the judgment-debtor, has no saleable interest therein;

Take notice that if you have any cause to show why the said application should not be granted, you should appear with your proofs in this Court on the ........... day of 19 , when the said application will be heard and determined.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........... day of ........... 19 ...........

Description of Property

Judge.

No. 38.

Certificate of sale of land.

(O.21, r. 94).

(Title).

This is to certify that .......... has been declared the purchaser at a sale by public auction on the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., of .......... in execution of decree in this suit, and that the said sale has been duly confirmed by this Court.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this .......... day of .......... 19..........

Judge.

No. 39.

Order for delivery to certified purchaser of land at a sale in execution

(O.21, r.95)

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas........... has become the certified purchaser of ........... at a sale in execution of decree in Suit No. ........... of ........... 19 ........... , you are hereby ordered to put the said ..........., the certified purchaser, as aforesaid, in possession of the same.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........... day of ........... 19 ...........

Judge.

No. 40.

Summons to appear and answer charge of obstructing execution of decree.

(O.21, r. 97).

(Title).

To

Whereas........, the decree-holder in the above suit, has complained to this Court that you have resisted (or obstructed) the officer charged with the execution of the warrant for possession.

You are hereby summoned to appear in this Court on the ........... day of ........... 19 at a.m., to answer the said complaint.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........... day of ........... 19 ...........

Judge.

No. 41.

Warrant of Committal

(O.21, r. 98).

(Title).

To

The officer in charge in charge of the Jail at ........... Whereas the under-mentioned property has been decreed to ............ the plaintiff in this suit, and whereas the Court is satisfied that ............ without any just cause resisted [or obstructed] and is still resisting [or obstructing] the said ............ in obtaining possession of the property, and whereas the said ............ has made application to this Court that the said ............ be committed to the civil prison.

You are hereby commanded and required to take and receive the said ............ into the civil prison and to keep him imprisoned therein for the period of ............ days.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ............ day of ............ 19............

Judge.

No. 42.

Authority of the Collector to stay public sale of land.

(Section 72).

(Title).

To

............., Collector of ............

Sir,

In answer to your communication No. ............, dated ............, representing that the sale in execution of the decree in this suit of ............ land situate within your district is objectionable, I have the honour to inform you that you are authorised to make provision for the satisfaction of the said decree in the manner recommended by you.

Yours faithfully,

Judge.

Appendix F

Supplemental Proceedings

No. 1.

Warrant of arrest before judgment.

(O,38, r. 1).

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas.........., the plaintiff in the above suit, claims the sum of Rs. .......... as noted in the margin, and has proved to the satisfaction of the Court that there is probable cause for believing that the defendant.......... is about to ..........;

These are to command you to demand and receive from the said .......... the sum of Rs. .......... as sufficient to satisfy the plaintiffs claim, and unless the said sum of Rs. .......... is forthwith delivered to you by or on behalf .......... of the said .........., to take the said .......... into custody and to bring him before this Court, in order that he may show cause why he should not furnish security to the amount of Rs. .......... for his personal appearance before the Court, until such time as the said shall be fully and finally disposed of and until satisfaction of any decree that may be passed against him in the suit.

DECREE
Principal ....
Interest ....
Costs ....
Total ....

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........ day of ........19........

Judge.

No. 2.

Security for appearance of a defendant arrested before judgment.

(O. 38, r. 2).

(Title).

Whereas at the instance of ........., the plaintiff in the above suit, ......... the defendant, has been arrested and brought before the Court;

And whereas on the failure of the said defendant to show cause why he should not furnish security for his appearance, the Court has ordered him to furnish such security:

Therefore, I ......... have voluntarily become surety and do hereby bind myself, my heirs and executors, to the said Court, that the said defendant shall appear at any time when called upon while the suit is pending and until satisfaction of any decree that may be passed against him in the said suit; and in default of such appearance I bind myself, my heirs and executors to pay to the said Court, at its order, any sum of money that may be adjudged against the said defendant in the said suit.

Witness my hand at ......... this ......... day of .........19 .........

Witnesses.(signed.)

1.

2.

No. 3.

Summons to defendant to appear on surety's application for discharge

(O. 38, r. 3).

(Title).

To

Whereas......, who became surety on the ...... day of ...... 19 ......, for your appearance in the above suit, has applied to this Court to be discharged from his obligation;

You are hereby summoned to appear in this Court in person on the ...... day of ...... 19 ......, at ...... a.m. when the said application will be heard and determined.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ...... day of ...... 19 ......

Judge.

No. 4.

Order for Committal.

(O. 38, r.4).

(Title).

To

Whereas .........., plaintiff in this suit, has made application to the Court that security be taken for the appearance of .........., the defendant, to answer any judgment that may be passed against him in the suit; and whereas the Court has called upon the defendant to furnish such security, or to offer a sufficient deposit in lieu of security, which he has failed to do; it is ordered that the said defendant .......... be committed to the civil prison until the decision of the suit; or, if judgment be pronounced against him, until satisfaction of the decree.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge

No. 5.

Attachment before judgment, with order to call for security for fulfilment of decree,

(O.38, r.5).

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas........ has proved to the satisfaction of the Court that the defendant in the above suit ........ These are to command you to call upon the said defendant ........ on or before the ........ day of ........ 19 ........; either to furnish security for the sum, of rupees ........ to produce and place at the disposal of this Court when required ........ or the value thereof, or such portion of the value as may be sufficient to satisfy any decree that may be passed against him; or to appear and show cause why he should not furnish security; and you are further ordered to attach the said ........ and keep the same under safe and secure custody until the further order of the Court; and you are further commanded to return this warrant on or before the ........day of ........ 19 ........, with an endorsement certifying the date on which and the manner in which it has been executed or the reason why it has not been executed.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........ day of ........19.

Judge.

No. 6.

Security for the production of property.

(O. 38, r.5).

(Title).

Whereas at the instance of ........., the plaintiff in the above suit, ......... the defendant has been directed by the Court to furnish security in the sum of Rs. .........to produce and place at the disposal of the Court the property specified in the schedule hereunto annexed.

Therefore I, ......... have voluntarily become surety and do hereby bind myself, my heirs and executors to the said Court, that the said defendant shall produce and place at the disposal of the Court, when required, the property specified in the said schedule, or the value of the same, or such portion thereof as may be sufficient to satisfy the decree ; and in default of his so doing, I bind myself, my heirs and executors, to pay to the said Court, at its order, the said sum of Rs. ......... or such sum not exceeding the said sum as the said Court may adjudge.

Schedule.

Witness my hand at this ........., ......... day of ......... 19 ......... Witnesses.

(Signed).

1.

2.

No. 7.

Attachment before judgment, on proof of failure to furnish security.

(O. 38, r.6).

(Title).

To

The Bailiff of the Court.

Whereas ........., the plaintiff in this suit, has applied to the Court to call upon ........., the defendant, to furnish security to fulfil any decree that may be passed against him in the suit and whereas the Court has called upon the said ......... to furnish such security, which he has failed to do; These are to command you to attach ........., the property of the said ........., and keep the same under safe and secure custody until the further order of the Court; and you are further commanded to return this warrant on or before the ......... day of ......... 19 ........., with an endorsement certifying the date on which and the manner in which it has been executed, or the reason why it has not been executed. Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ......... day of ......... 19 .........

Judge.

No. 8.

Temporary Injunctions.

(O.39, r. 1).

(Title).

Upon motion made unto this Court by ..........

Pleader of [or Counsel for ] the plaintiff A.B, and upon reading the petition of the said plaintiff in this matter filed [this day] [or the plaint filed in this suit on the .......... day of .........., or the written statement of the said plaintiff filed on the .......... day of ..........] and upon hearing the evidence of .......... and .......... in support thereon [if after notice and defendant not appearing; add , and also the evidence of .......... as to service of notice of this motion upon the defendant C.D.]: This Court do order that an injunction be awarded to restrain the defendant C.D., his servants, agents and workmen, from pulling down, or suffering to be pulled down, the house in the plaint in the said suit of the plaintiff mentioned [or in the written statement, or petition, of the plaintiff and evidence at the hearing of this motion mentioned], being No. 9, Oil-mongers Street, Hindupur, in the Tehsil of .......... , and from selling the materials where the said house is composed, until the hearing of this suit or until the further order of this Court.

Dated this .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge

[Where the injunction is sought to restrain the negotiation of a note or bill, the ordering part of the order may run thus;]

.......... to restrain the defendants .......... and from parting without of the custody of them or any of them or endorsing, assigning or negotiating the promissory note [or bill of exchange] in question, dated on or about the .........., etc, mentioned in the plaintiffs plaint [or petition] and the evidence heard at this motion until the hearing of this suit, or until the further order of this Court.

[In Copyright Cases]

To restrain the defendant C.D., his servants, agents or workmen, from printing, publishing or vending a book, called or any part thereof, until the etc.

[Where part only of a book is to be restrained]

to restrain the defendant C.D. his servants, agents or workmen, from printing, publishing, selling or otherwise disposing of such parts of the book in the plaint [or petition and evidence, etc.] mentioned to have been published by the defendant as hereinafter specified, namely, that part of the said book which is entitled .......... and also that part which is entitled ..........[or which is contained in page .......... to page .......... both inclusive] until .........., etc.

[In Patent cases]

to restrain the defendant C.D., his agents, servants and workmen, from making or vending any perforated bricks[ or as the case may be] upon the principle of the inventions in the plaintiffs plaint [or petition, etc., or written statement, etc.,] mentioned, belonging to the plaintiff's or either of them, during the remainder of the respective terms of the patents in the plaintiffs plaint [or as the case may be] mentioned, and from counter feting, imitating or resembling the same inventions, or either of them, or making any addition thereto, or subtraction therefrom, until the hearing, etc.

[In cases of Trade marks]

to restrain the defendant C.D., his servants, agents or workmen, from selling or exposing for sale or procuring to be sold, any composition or blacking [or as the case may be ] described as or purporting to be blacking manufactured by the plaintiff A.B., in bottles having affixed thereto such labels as in the plaintiff's plaint[ or petition etc.] mentioned, or any other labels so contrived or expressed as, by colourable imitation or otherwise, to represent the composition or blacking sold by the defendant to be the same as the composition or blacking manufactured and sold by the plaintiff A.B., and from using trade-cards so contrived or expressed as to represent that the composition or blacking sold or proposed to be sold by the defendant is the same as the composition or blacking manufactured or sold by the plaintiff A.B., until the etc.

[To restrain a partner from in any way interfering in the business ]

to restrain the defendant C.D., his agents and servants, from entering into any contract, and from accepting, drawing, endorsing or negotiating any bill of exchange, note or written security in the name of the partnership firm of B, and D., and from contracting any debt, buying and selling any goods, and from making or entering into any verbal or written promise, agreement or undertaking, and from doing, or causing to be done any act in the name or of on the credit of the said partnership-firm of B. and D., or whereby the said partnership-firm can or may in any manner become or be made liable to or for the payment of any sum of money, or for the performance of any contract, promise or undertaking until the, etc.

No. 9.

Appointment of a Receiver.

(O. 40, r. 3).

(Title).

To

Whereas........ has been attached in execution of a decree passed in the above suit on the ........ day of ........ 19 ........, in favour of ........ you are hereby (subject to your giving security to the satisfaction of the Court) appointed receiver of the said property under Order XL of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977, with full powers under the provisions of that Order.

You are required to render a due and proper account of your receipt and disbursements in respect of the said property on ........ You will be entitled to remuneration at the rate of ........ percent. ........ upon your receipt under the authority of this appointment.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, ........ this ........ day of ........ 19 ........

Judge.

No. 10.

Bond to be given by Receiver.

(O.40, r. 3).

(Title)

Know all men by these presents, that we, ......... and ......... and ........., are jointly and severally bound to ......... of the Court of ......... in Rs. ......... to be paid to the said ......... or his successor in office for the time being. For which payment to be made we bind ourselves, and each of us, in the whole, our and each of our heirs, executors and administrators, jointly, and severally, by these presents.,

Dated this ......... day of ......... 19 .........

Whereas a plaint has been filed in this Court by ......... against for the purpose of [here insert the object of suit]:

And whereas the said ......... has been appointed, by order of the above-mentioned Court, to receive the rents and profits of the immovable property and get in the outstanding movable property of ......... in the said plaint named:

Now the condition of this obligation is such, that if the above-bounden ......... shall duly account for all and every the sum and sums of money .........which he shall so receive on account of the rents and profits of the immovable property, and in respect of the movable property, of the said ......... at such periods as the said Court shall appoint, and shall duly pay the balances which shall from time to time be certified to be due from him as the said Court hath directed or shall hereafter direct, then this obligation shall be void, otherwise it shall remain in full force.

Signed and delivered by the above-bounden in the presence of

Note: — If deposit of money is made, the memorandum thereof should follow the terms of the condition of the bond.

Appendix G

Appeal, Reference and Review

No. 1.

Memorandum of Appeal. (O.41, r. 1.)

(Title).

The

above-named appeals to........ the ........ Court at ........ from the decree of ........ in suit No. ........ of ........ 19 ........, dated ........ the ........ day of ........ 19 ........, and sets forth the following grounds of objection to the decree appealed from, namely:-

No .2.

Security Bond to be given on order being made to stay execution of decree.

(O. 41, r. 5).

(Title).

To

This security bond on stay of execution of decree executed by ......... witnesses:-

That ........., the plaintiff in suit No. ......... of 19 ........., having sued ........., the defendant, in this Court and a decree having been passed on the ......... day of......... 19 ........., in favour of the plaintiff, and the defendant having preferred an appeal from the said decree in the ......... Court, the said appeal is still pending.

Now the plaintiff decree-holder having applied to execute the decree, the defendant has made an application praying for stay of execution and has been called upon to furnish security. Accordingly I, of my own free will, stand security to the extent of Rs. ........., mortgaging the properties specified in the schedule hereunto annexed, and covenant that if the decree of the first Court be confirmed or varied by the Appellate Court, the said defendant shall duly act in accordance with the decree of the Appellate Court and shall pay whatever may be payable by him thereunder, and if he should fail therein, then any amount so payable shall be realized from the properties hereby mortgaged, and if the proceeds of the sale of the said properties are insufficient to pay the amount due I and my legal representatives will be personally liable to pay the balance. To this effect I execute this security bond this ......... day of ......... 19 .........

Schedule

witnessed by

(Signed).

1.

2.

No. 3.

Security Bond to be given during the pendency of appeal

(O. 41, r. 6).

(Title).

To

This security bond on stay of execution of decree executed by ............. witnesseth:

That ........., the plaintiff in Suit No. .........of 19 ........., having sued ........., the defendant, in this Court and a decree having been passed on the ......... day of ......... 19 ........., in favour of the plaintiff and the defendant having preferred an appeal from the said decree in the ......... Court, the said appeal is still pending.

Now, the plaintiff decree-holder has applied for execution of the said decree and has been called upon to furnish security. Accordingly I, of my own free will, stand security to the extent of Rs. ......... mortgaging the properties specified in the schedule hereunto annexed, and covenant that if the decree of the first Court be reversed or varied by the Appellate Court, the plaintiff shall restore any property which may be or has been taken in execution of the said decree and shall duly act in accordance with the decree of the Appellate Court and shall pay whatever may be payable by him thereunder, and if he should fail therein, then any amount to payable shall be realized from the properties hereby mortgaged, and if the proceeds of the sale of the said properties are insufficient to pay amount due, I and my legal representatives will be personally liable to pay the balance. To this effect I execute this security bound this......... day of ......... 19 .........

Schedule.

Witnessed by

(Signed).

1.

2.

No. 4.

Security for costs of Appeal

(O.41 , r.10).

(Title).

To

This security bond for costs of appeal executed by ......... witnesseth:-

This appellant has preferred an appeal from the decree in Suit No.......... of 19 ........., against the respondent, and has been called upon to furnish security. Accordingly, I, of my own free-will, stand security for the costs of the appeal, mortgaging the properties specified in the schedule hereunto annexed. I shall not transfer the said properties or any part thereof, and in the event of any default on the part of the appellant, I shall duly carry out any order that may be made against me with regard to payment of the costs of appeal. Any amount so payable shall be realized from the properties hereby mortgaged, and if the proceeds of the sale of the said properties are insufficient to pay the amount due, I and my legal representatives with be personally liable to pay balance.

To this effect I execute this security bond this ......... day of ......... 19 .........

Schedule.

Witnessed by

(Signed).

1.

2.

No. 5.

Intimation to Lower Court of admission of appeal.

(O.41, r.13).

(Title).

To

You are hereby directed to take notice that ........ the ........ in the above suit, has preferred an appeal to this Court from the decree passed by you therein on the ........ day of ........ 19 ........

You are requested to send with all practicable dispatch all material papers in the suit.

Dated the ........ day of ........ 19 ........

Judge.

No. 6.

Notice to Respondent of the day fixed for the hearing of the appeal.

(O.41. r. 14).

(Title).

Appeal from the ............. of the Court of ............. dated the ............. day of ............. 19 .............

To

Respondent

Take notice that an appeal from the decree of ............. in this case has been presented by ............. and registered in this Court, and that the ............. day of ............. 19 ............., has been fixed by this Court for the hearing of this appeal.

If no appearance is made on your behalf by yourself, your pleader, or by some one by law authorised to act for you in this appeal, it will be heard and decided in your absence.

Given under my hand and seal of the Court, this............. day of ............. 19 .............

Judge.

No. 7.

Notice to a party to a suit not made a party to the appeal but joined by the Court as a Respondent.

(O.41, r.20.)

(Title).

To

Whereas you were a party in suit No. .......... of 19 .........., in the Court of .........., and whereas the .......... has preferred an appeal to this Court from the decree passed against him in the said suit and it appears to this Court that you are interested in the result of the said appeal:

(Note. — If a stay of execution has been ordered, intimation should be given of the fact on this notice.]

This is to give you notice that this Court has directed you to be made a respondent in the said appeal and has adjourned the hearing thereof till the .......... day of .......... 19.........., at .......... a.m. If no appearance is made on your behalf on the said day and at the said hour the appeal will be heard and decided in your absence.

Given under my hand and seal of the Court , this .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

No. 8.

Memorandum of Cross Objection.

(O. 41, r.22)

(Title).

Whereas the .......... has preferred an appeal to the .......... Court at .......... from the decree of.......... in suit No. .......... of 19.........., .......... dated the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., and whereas notice of the day fixed for hearing the appeal was served on the .......... on the .......... day of .......... 19.........., the files this memorandum of cross objection under rule 22 of Order XLI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977 and sets forth the following grounds of objection to the decree appealed from, namely:-

No. 9.

Decree in Appeal.

(O.41, r.35).

(Title).

Appeal No. ......... of 19 ......... from the decree of the Court of ......... dated the day ......... of 19 .........

Memorandum of Appeal

Plaintiff

Defendant

The .......... above-named appeals to the .......... Court at .......... from the decree .......... of .......... in the above suit, dated the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., for the following reasons, namely:-

This appeal coming on for hearing on the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., before .........., in the presence of .......... for the appellant and of .......... for the respondent, it is ordered-

The costs of this appeal, as detailed below, amounting to Rs. .........., are to be paid by ..........The costs of the original suit are to be paid by

Given under my hand this .......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

Costs of Appeal

Appellant	Amount Rs. a. p.	Respondent	Amount. Rs. a. p.
1Stamp for memorandum of appeal.		Stamp for power
2 Do. for power		Do. for petition
3 Service of processes		Service of processes
4 Pleader's fee on Rs.		Pleader's fee on Rs.
Total :		Total :

No. 10.

Application to appeal in forma pauperis.

(O.44, r. 1).

(Title).

I, ................. the ................. above named present the accompanying memorandum of appeal from the decree in the above suit and apply to be allowed to appeal as a pauper.

Annexed is a full and true schedule of all the movable and immovable property belonging to me with the estimated value thereof.

Dated the ........ day of ............ 19 ..............

(Signed).

Note : Where the application is by the plaintiff he should state whether he applied and was allowed to sue in the court of first instance as a pauper.

No. 11.

Notice of appeal in forma pauperis

(O.44, r. 1).

(Title).

Whereas the above-named....... has applied to be allowed to appeal as pauper from the decree in the above suit dated the ....... day of ....... 19 ......., and whereas the ....... day of....... 19 ......., has been fixed for hearing the application, notice is hereby given to you that if you desire to show cause why the applicant should not be allowed to appeal as a pauper an a opportunity will be given to you of doing on the aforementioned date.

Given under my hand and seal of the Court , this ......... day of ......... 19 .........

Judge.

No. 12 and 13.

Omitted.

No. 14.

Notice to show cause why a review should not be granted.

(O. 47, r. 4).

(Title).

To

Take notice that .......... has applied to this Court for a review of its decree passed on the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., in the above case. The day of 19 .........., is fixed for you to show cause why the Court should not grant a review of its decree in this case.

Given under my hand and seal of the Court, this.......... day of .......... 19 ..........

judge.

Appendix H

Miscellaneous

No. 1.

Agreement of parties as to issues to be tried.

(O.14, r.6).

(Title).

Whereas we, the parties in the above suit, are agreed as to the question of fact (or of law) to be decided between us and the point at issue between us is whether a claim founded on a bond, dated the ........... day of ........... 19 ..........., and filed as Exhibit in the said suit, is or is not beyond the statute of limitation (or state the point at issue whatever it may be);

We therefore severally bind ourselves that, upon the finding of the Court in the negative (or affirmative) of such issue, ........... will pay to the said ........... the sum ........... of rupees ........... (or such sum as the Court shall hold to be due thereon), and I, the said ........... will accept the said sum of rupees ........... (or such sum as the Court shall hold to be due) in full satisfaction of my claim on the bond aforesaid [or that upon such finding I, the said ........... will do or abstain from doing, etc. etc.]

Plaintiff

Defendant.

Witnesses :-

1.

2.

Dated the ........... day of ........... 19 ...........

No. 2.

Notice of Application for the transfer of a Suit to another Court for Trial (Section 24)

In the Court of the District Judge of .......... No. .......... of .......... 19 ..........

To

Whereas an application, dated the .......... day of .......... 19 .........., has been made to this Court by .......... the .......... in Suit No. .......... of 19 now pending in the Court of the .......... at .........., in which.......... is plaintiff and .......... is defendant, for the transfer of the suit for trial to the Court of the .......... at ..........;-

You are hereby informed that the .......... day of .......... 19 .......... has been fixed for the hearing of the application, when you will be heard if you desire to offer any objection to it.

Given under my hand and seal of the Court, this.......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

[No. 2-A

List of witnesses proposed to be called by plaintiff/defendant.

(Order XVI, Rule 1)]

Name of the party which proposes to call the witness.	Name and address of, the witness.	Remarks.

No. 3.

Notice of Payment into Court, (O.24, r.2)

(Title).

Take notice that the defendant has applied into Court, Rs. .......... and says that sum is sufficient to satisfy the plaintiffs claim in full.

X.Y., Pleader for the defendant.

To Z, Pleader for the Plaintiff.

No. 4

Notice to show cause, (General Form).

(Title).

To

Whereas the above-named........., has made application to this Court that ......... You are hereby warned to appear in this Court in person or by a pleader duly instructed on the ......... day of......... 19 ......... at ......... o'clock in the forenoon, to show cause against the application, failing wherein, the said application will be heard and determined ex parte.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this .......... day of .......... 19.........

Judge.

No. 5.

List of Documents produced by Plaintiff/Defendant.

(O. 13, r.1).

(Title).

No.	Description of document.	Date, if any,which the document bears.	Signature of party or pleader.
1	2	3	4

No. 6.

Notice to parties of the day fixed for examination of a witness about to leave the jurisdiction.

(O. 18, r.16).

(Title).

To

.........plaintiff(or defendant).

Whereas in the above suit application has been made to the Court by ......... that the examination of ........., a witness required by the said ........., in the said suit may be taken immediately; and it has been shown to the Court's satisfaction that the said witness is about to leave the Court's jurisdiction (or any other good and sufficient cause to be stated):

Take notice that the examination of the said witness ........ will be taken by the Court on the ........ day of ........ 19 ........

Dated the ........ day of ........ 19 ........

Judge

No. 7.

Commission to examine absent witness

(O. 26 r. 4, 18)

(Title)

To

Whereas the evidence of......... is required by the ......... in the above suit; and whereas ......... ; you are requested to take the evidence on interrogatories (or viva voce) of such witness ......... and you are hereby appointed Commissioner for the purpose. The evidence will be taken in the presence of the parties or their agents, if in attendance, who will be at liberty to question the witness on the points specified and you are further requested to make return of such evidence as soon as it may be taken.

Process to compel the attendance of the witness will be issued by any Court having jurisdiction on your application.

A sum of Rs.......... , being your fee in the above, is herewith forwarded.

Given under my hand and seal of the Court, this.......... day of .......... 19 ..........

Judge.

No. 8.

Letter of Request (O.26, r.5)

(Title)

(Heading: — To the President and Judges of etc., etc., or as the case may be).

Whereas a suit is now pending in the ......... in which

A.B. is plaintiff and C.D. is defendant; And in the said suit the plaintiff claim.

(Abstract of Claim)

And whereas it has been represented to the said Court that it is necessary for the purposes of justice and for the due determination of the matters in dispute between the parties, that the following persons should be examined as witnesses upon oath touching such matters, that is to say:

E.F., of .............

G.H., of .............

I.J of............. and

And it appearing that such witnesses are resident within the jurisdiction of your honourable Court;

Now, I ............., as the ............. of the said Court, have the honour to request, and do hereby request, that for the reason aforesaid and for the assistance of the said Court, you, as the President and Judges of the said ............., or some one or more of you, will be pleased to summon the said witness (and such other witnesses as the agents of the said plaintiff and defendant shall humbly request you in writing so to summon) to attend at such time and place as you shall appoint before some one or more of you or such other person as according to the procedure of your Court is competent to take the examination of witnesses, and that you will cause such witnesses to be examined upon the interrogatories which accompany this letter of request(or viva voce) touching the said matter in question in the presence of the agents of the plaintiff and defendant, or such of them as shall, on due notice given, attend such examination.

And I further have the honour to request that you will be pleased to cause the answers of the said witnesses to be reduced into writing, and all books, letters, papers and documents produced upon such examination to be duly marked for identification, and that you will be further pleased to authenticate such examination by the seal of your tribunal, or in such other way as is in accordance with your procedure, and to return the same, together with such request in writing, if any, for examination of other witnesses to the said Court.

(Note — If the request is directed to Foreign Court, the words "through [the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India)] for transmission" should be inserted after the word "other witnesses" in the last line of this form.

No. 9.

Commission for a local Investigation, or to examine Accounts.

(O.26, rr. 9,11).

(Title).

To

Whereas it is deemed requisite, for the purposes of this suit, that a commission for ........... should be issued; You are hereby appointed Commissioner for the purpose of Process to compel the attendance before you of any witnesses, or for the production of any documents whom or which you may desire to examine or inspect, will be issued by any Court having Jurisdiction on your application.

A sum of Rs..........., being your fee in the above, is herewith forwarded.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ......... day of ......... 19 .........

Judge.

No. 10

Commission to make a partition.

(O. 26, r.13).

(Title).

To

Whereas it is deemed requisite for the purposes of this suit that a Commission should be issued to make the partition or separation of the property specified in, and according to the rights as declared, in, the decree of this Court, dated the ........ day of ........ 19 ........

You are hereby appointed Commissioner for the said purpose and are directed to make such inquiry as may be necessary, to divide the said property according to the best of your skill and judgment in the shares set out in the said decree, and to allot such shares to the several parties. You are hereby authorised to award sums to be paid to any party by any other party for the purpose of equalizing the value of the shares.

Process to compel the attendance before you of any witness, or for the production of any documents, whom or which you may desire to examine or inspect, will be issued by any Court having jurisdiction on your application.

A sum of Rs........, being your fee in the above, is herewith forwarded.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ....... day of ....... 19 .......

Judge.

[No. 11.

Notice to certificated, natural or de facto guardian.

(Order XXXII, rule 3).

(Title )].

To

(Certificated/Natural/De facto Guardian).

Whereas an application has been presented on the part of the plain-tiff*/on behalf of the minor defendant *in the above suit for the appointment of a guardian for the suit for the minor defendant .......... you (insert the name of the guardian appointed or declared by Court, or natural guardian, or the person in whose care the minor is ) are hereby required to take notice that unless you appear before this Court on or before the day appointed for the hearing of the case and stated in the appended summons, and express your consent to act as guardian for the suit for the minor, the court will proceed to appoint some other person to act as guardian for the minor, for the purposes of the said suit.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ........... day of ........... 19 ...............

Judge.

No. 11-A.

Notice to Minor Defendant.

(Order XXXII, rule 3).

(Title).

To

Minor Defendant

Whereas an application has been presented on the part of the plaintiff in the above suit for the appointment of *as guardian for the suit for you, the minor defendant, you are hereby required to take notice to appear in this Court in person on the............ day of ............ 19 ............ at ............ o'clock in the forenoon to show cause against the application, failing which the said application will be heard and determined ex parte.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ............ day of ............ 19 ............

Judge.]

No. 12.

Notice to opposite party of day fixed for hearing evidence of pauperism .

(O. 33, r.6).

(Title).

To

Whereas...... has applied to this Court for permission to institute a suit against...... in forma pauperis under Order XXXIII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1977; and whereas the Court sees no reason to reject the application; and whereas the ...... day of ...... 19 ......, has been fixed for receiving such evidence as the applicant may adduce in proof of his pauperism and for hearing any evidence which may be adduced in disproof thereof.

Notice is hereby given to you under rule 6 of Order XXXIII that in case you may wish to offer any evidence to disprove the pauperism of the applicant, you may do so on appearing in this Court on the...... day of ...... 19......

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ...... day of ...... 19 ......

Judge

No. 13 .

Notice to surety of his liability under a decree.

(Section 145).

(Title).

To

Whereas you ....... did on ....... become liable as surety for the performance of any decree which might be passed against the said ....... defendant in the above suit; and whereas a decree was passed on the ....... day of ....... 19 ....... against the said defendant for the payment of ......., and whereas application has been made for execution of the said decree against you.

Take notice that you are hereby required on or before the ....... day of ....... 19 ......., to show/cause why the said decree should not be executed against you, and if no sufficient cause shall be, within the time specified, shown to the satisfaction of the Court, an order for its execution will be forthwith issued in the terms of the said application.

Given under my hand and the seal of the Court, this ....... day of ....... 19 .......

Judge

No. 14

Register of Civil Suits.

(O.4, r.2).

Court of the of at

Register of Civil Suits in the year 19

	Plaintiff				Defendant
Date of presentation of suit	No. of suit	Name	Description	Place of residence	Name	Description	Place of residence

 

Claim				Appearance		Instalment
Particulars	Amount of value	When the cause of action accrued	Day of parties to appear	Plaintiff	Defendants	Date	For whom	For what, or amount

 

Appeal		Execution					Return of execution		Minute of other return than payment or Arrest, and date of every return
Date of decision of appeal	Judgement in appeal	Date of application	Date of order	Against whom	For what and amount, if any	Amount of costs	Amount paid into court	Arrested

Note : Where there are numerous plaintiffs, or numerous defendants, the name of the first plaintiff only, or the first defendant only, as the case may be, need entered in the register.

No. 15

Register of Appeals.

(O.41, r.9).

Court (Or High Court) at ..........

Register of Appeals from Decrees in the year 19....

	Appellant				Respondent
Date of memorandum	Number of Appeal	Name	Description	Place of residence	Name	Description	Place of residence

 

Decree Appealed From				Appearance			Judgement
Of what court	Number of original suit	Particulars	Amount of Value	Day for parties to appear	Appellant	Respondent	Date	Confirmed reserved or varied	For what or amount

[The Second Schedule]

Omitted

The Third Schedule

Execution of Decrees by Collectors

1. Powers of Collector—Where the execution of a decree has been transferred to the Collector under section 68, he may-

(a) proceed as the Court would proceed when the sale of immovable property is postponed in order to enable the judgment-debtor to raise the amount of the decree; or

(b) raise the amount of the decree by letting in perpetuity, of for a term, on payment of a premium, or by mortgaging, the whole or any part of the property ordered to be sold; or

(c) sell the property ordered to be sold or so much thereof as may be necessary.

2. Procedure of Collector in special cases—Where the execution of a decree, not being a decree ordering the sale of immovable property in pursuance of a contract specifically affecting the same, but being a decree for the payment of money in satisfaction of which the Court has ordered the sale of immovable property, has been so transferred, the Collector, if after such inquiry as he thinks necessary, he has reason to believe that all the liabilities of the judgment-debtor can be discharged without a sale of the whole of his available immovable property, may proceed as hereinafter provided.
3. Notice to be given to decree-holders and to persons having claims on property—(1) In any such case as is referred to in paragraph 2, the Collector shall publish a notice, allowing a period of sixty days from the date of its publication for compliance and calling upon

(a) every person holding a decree for the payment of money against the judgment-debtor capable of execution by sale of his immovable property and which such decree-holder desires to have so executed, and every holder of a decree for the payment of money in execution of which proceedings for the sale of such property are pending, to produce before the Collector a copy of the decree, and a certificate from the Court which passed or is executing the same, declaring the amount recoverable thereunder;

(b) every person having any claim on the said property to submit to the Collector a statement of such claim, and to produce the documents (if any) by which it is evidenced.

(2) Such notice shall be published by being affixed on a conspicuous part of the Court-house of the Court which made the original order for sale, and in such other places (if any) as the Collector thinks fit; and where the address of any such decree-holder or claimant is known, a copy of the notice shall be sent to him by post or otherwise.

4. Amount of decree for payment of money to be ascertained, and immovable property available for their satisfaction—(1) Upon the expiration of the said period, the Collector shall appoint a day for hearing any representations which the judgment-debtor and the decree-holders or claimants (if any) may desire to make, and for holding such inquiry as he may deem necessary for informing himself as to the nature and extent of such decrees and claims and of the judgment-debtor's immovable property, and may, from time to time, adjourn such hearing and inquiry.

(2) Where there is no dispute as to the fact or extent of the liability of the judgment-debtor to any of the decrees or claims of which the Collector is informed, or as to the relative priorities of such decrees or claims, or as to the liability of any such property for the satisfaction of such decrees or claims, the Collector shall draw up a statement, specifying the amount to be recovered for the discharge of such decrees, the order in which such decrees and claims are to be satisfied, and the immovable property available for that purpose.

(3) Where any such dispute arises, the Collector shall refer the same, with a statement thereof and his own opinion thereon, to the Court which made the original order for sale, and shall, pending the reference, stay proceedings relating to the subject thereof. The Court shall dispose of the dispute if the matter thereof is within its jurisdiction , or transmit the case to a competent Court for disposal, and the final decision shall be communicated to the Collector, who shall then draw up a statement as above provided in accordance with such decision.

5. Where District Court may issue notices and hold inquiry—The Collector may, instead of himself issuing the notices and holding the inquiry required by paragraphs 3 and 4, draw up a statement specifying the circumstances of the judgment debtor and of his immoveable property so far as they are known to the Collector or appear in the records of his office, and forwards such statement to the District Court; and such court shall thereupon issue the notices, hold the inquiry and draw up the statement required by paragraph 3 and 4 and transmit such statement to the Collector.
6. Effect of decision of Court as to dispute—The decision by the Court of any dispute arising under paragraph 4 or paragraph5 shall, as between the parties thereto, have the force of and be appealable a decree.
7. Scheme for liquidation of decrees for payment of money—(1) Where the amount to be recovered and the property available have been determined as 'provided in paragraph 4 or paragraph 5, the Collector may,

(a) if it appears that the amount cannot be recovered without the sale of the whole of the property available, proceed to sell such property; or

(b) if it appears that the amount with interest (if any) in accordance with the decree, and, when not decreed, with interest (if any) at such rate as he thinks reasonable, may be recorded without such sale, raise such amount and interest (notwithstanding the original order for sale)-

(i) by letting in perpetuity or for a term, on payment of a premium, the whole or any part of the said property; or

(ii) by mortgaging the whole or any part of such property; or

(iii) by selling part of such property; or

(iv) by letting on farm, or managing by himself or another, the whole or any part of such property for any term not exceeding twenty years from the date of the order of sale; or

(v) partly by one of such modes, and partly by another or others of such modes.

(2) For the purpose of managing the whole of any part of such property, the Collector may exercise all the powers of its owner.

(3) For the purpose of improving the saleable value of the property available or any part thereof, or rendering it more suitable for letting or managing, or for preserving the property from sale in satisfaction of an encumbrance, the Collector may discharge the claim of any encumbrancer, which has become payable or compound the claim of any encumbrancer, whether it has become payable or not, and, for the purpose of providing funds to effect such discharge or composition, may mortgage, let or sell any portion of the property which he deems sufficient . If any dispute arises as to the amount due on any encumbrance with which Collector proposes to deal under this clause, he may institute a suit in the proper Court, either in his own name or the name of the judgment-debtor, to have an account taken, or he may agree to refer such dispute to the decision of two arbitrators, one to be chosen by each party, or of an umpire to be named by such arbitrators.

(4) In proceeding under this paragraph the Collector shall be subject to such rule/consistent with this Act as may, from time to time, be made in this behalf by the Government.

8. Recovery of balance (if any) after letting or management—Where, on the expiration of the letting or management under paragraph 7, the amount to be recovered has riot been realized, the Collector shall notify the fact in writing to the judgment-debtor or his representative in interest, stating at the same time that, if the balance necessary to make up the said amount is not paid to the Collector within six weeks from the date of such notice, he will proceed to sell the whole or a sufficient part of the said property; and, if on the expiration of the said six weeks the said balance is not so ;laid, the Collector shall sell such property or part accordingly.
9. Collector to render accounts to Court—(1) The Collector shall, from time to time, render to the Court which made the original order for sale of an account of all moneys which come to his hands and of all charges incurred by him in the exercise and performance of the powers and duties conferred and imposed on him under the provisions of this schedule, and shall hold the balance at the disposal of the Court.

(2) Such charges shall include all debts and liabilities from time to time due to the Government in respect of the property or any part thereof, the rent (if any) from time to time due to a superior holder in respect of such property or part and, if the Collector so directs, the expenses of any witnesses summoned by him.

(3) The balance shall all be applied by the Court

(a) in providing for the maintenance of such members of the judgment-debtor's family (if any) as are entitled to be maintained out of the income of the property, to such amount in the case of each member as the Court thinks fit; and

(b) where the Collector has proceeded under paragraph 1, in satisfaction of the original decree in execution of which the Court ordered the sale of immovable property, or otherwise as the Court may under section 73 direct; or

(c) Where the Collector has proceeded under paragraph 2,

(i) in keeping down the interest on encumbrances on the property;

(ii) Where the judgment-debtor has no other sufficient means of subsistence, in providing for his subsistence to such amount as the Court thinks fit; and

(iii) in discharging ratably the claims of the original decree-holder and any other decree-holders who have complied with the said notice, and whose claims were included in the amount ordered to be recovered.

(4) No other holder of a decree for the payment of money shall be entitled to be paid out of such property or balance until the decree-holders who have obtained such order have been satisfied, and the residue (if any) shall be paid to the judgment-debtor or such other person as the Court directs.

10. Sales how to be conducted—Where the Collector sells and property under this schedule, he shall put it up to public auction in one or more lots, as he thinks fit, and may-(a) fix a reasonable reserved price for each lot;

(b) adjourn the sale for a reasonable time whenever, for reasons to be recorded, he deems the adjournment necessary for the purpose of obtaining a fair price for the property;

(c) buy in the property offered for sale, and re-sell the same by public auction or private contract, as he thinks fit.

11. Restrictions as to alienation by judgment-debtor or his representative, and prosecution of remedies by decree-holders—(1) So long as the Collector can exercise or perform in respect of the judgment-debtor's immovable property, or any part thereof, any of the powers or duties conferred or imposed on him by paragraphs 1 to 10, the judgment-debtor or his representative in interest shall be incompetent to mortgage, charge lease or alienate such property or part except with the written permission of the Collector nor shall any Civil Court issue any process against such property or part in execution of a decree for the payment of money.

(2) During the same period no Civil Court shall issue any process of execution either against the judgment-debtor or his property in respect of any decree for the satisfaction whereof provision has been made by the Collector under paragraph 7.

(3) The same period shall be excluded in calculating the period of limitation applicable to the execution of any decree affected y the provisions of this paragraph in respect of any remedy of which the decree-holder has been temporarily deprived.

12. Provision where property is in several districts—Where the property of which the sale has been ordered is situate in more districts than one, the powers and duties conferred and imposed on the Collector by paragraphs 1 to 10 shall be exercised and performed by such one of the Collectors of the said districts as the Government may by general rule or special order direct.
13. Powers of Collector to compel attendance and production— In exercising the powers conferred on him by paragraphs 1 to 10 the Collector shall have the powers of a Civil Court to compel the attendance of parties and witnesses and the production of documents.

The Fourth Schedule

Omitted

The Fifth Schedule

Omitted