Telangana High Court
I.Venkateswara Rao vs The State Of A.P. on 2 April, 2025
HIGH COURT FOR THE STATE OF TELANGANA
AT HYDERABAD
*****
Criminal Appeal No.1567 OF 2010
Between:
L.Venkateshwara Rao ... Appellant
And
The State of AP, through
Inspector of Police, Hyderabad Range ... Respondent
DATE OF JUDGMENT PRONOUNCED: 02.04.2025
Submitted for approval.
THE HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE K.SURENDER
1 Whether Reporters of Local
newspapers may be allowed to see Yes/No
the Judgments?
2 Whether the copies of judgment
may be marked to Law Yes/No
Reporters/Journals
3 Whether Their Ladyship/Lordship
wish to see the fair copy of the Yes/No
Judgment?
__________________
K.SURENDER, J
2
* THE HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE K. SURENDER
+ Crl.A. No. 1567 OF 2010
% Dated 02.04.2025
# L.Venkateshwara Rao ... Appellant
And
$ The State of AP, through
Inspector of Police, Hyderabad Range ... Respondent
! Counsel for the Appellant: Sri M.B.Thimma Reddy
^ Counsel for the Respondent: Sri T.Bala Mohan Reddy,
Special Public Prosecutor
>HEAD NOTE:
? Cases referred
1
(2009) 3 Supreme Court Cases 779
2
(2002) 10 Supreme Court Cases 371
3
(1977) 3 Supreme Court Cases 352
3
HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE K.SURENDER
CRIMINAL APPEAL No.1567 OF 2010
JUDGMENT:
1. The appellant was convicted for the offences under Section 7
and Sections 13(1)(d) r/w 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act,
1988 and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for a period of six
months and one year, respectively, vide judgment in C.C.No.43 of
2005, dated 07.12.2010. Questioning the said conviction, present
appeal is filed.
2. Heard Sri M.B.Thimma Reddy, learned Counsel for the
appellant and Sri T.Bala Mohan Reddy, learned Special Public
Prosecutor for ACB.
3. Briefly, the case of the prosecution is that the appellant
worked as the Special Revenue Inspector in the office of the Mandal
Revenue Officer (MRO), Himayatnagar Mandal. The
complainant/P.W.1 was the GPA holder of Nawab Mohd.Kabiruddin
Khan. He submitted an application along with requisite documents
on 04.08.2003 in the MRO office for the issuance of Fasil Pahani
copies Nos.1355 and 1356 in Sy.No.2002/2 at Bagh Lingampally.
P.W.1 approached the office of the MRO after one month. Since the
MRO was not available, he approached the Dy.MRO-T.Damodar
Reddy/P.W.4 and enquired about his application. P.W.4 directed
the appellant to attend the work of P.W.1. As such, P.W.1
approached the appellant, who asked him to come after three days.
When P.W.1 approached the appellant after three days, the
appellant allegedly demanded Rs.500/-.
4. On 03.11.2003, at about 11.00 a.m, when P.W.1 approached
the appellant, he enquired about the amount. P.W.1 informed him
that he would come with the money the next day. Unwilling to pay
the bribe amount, P.W.1 approached the DSP, ACB/P.W.7 and gave
Ex.P1/complaint. P.W.7 instructed P.W.1 to come to the office on
04.11.2003 at 1.00 p.m along with bribe amount of Rs.500/-.
P.W.7, after verifying the genuineness of the complaint, registered
an FIR, which is Ex.P7. At about 2.15 p.m, P.W.7 called P.W.1 to
his chambers and introduced P.W.5/mediator and another person,
namely Acharyulu (not examined), to him. After following the
formalities, pre-trap proceedings were conducted under Ex.P2.
Then, all the trap party members went to the office of MRO,
Himayatnagar at 5.00 p.m. As per the directions of P.W.7, P.W.1
and P.W.2 (who was secured from Gandhi Bhavan Bus Stop), went
to the office of the appellant. The appellant asked P.W.1 whether he
had brought the amount. Then, P.W.1 paid the amount to the
appellant, who kept the same in his left side pant pocket. At that
time, P.W.3, who was present in the room, requested the appellant
to give Rs.200/-. The appellant took the same from his pant pocket
and gave it to P.W.3, who in turn gave it to P.W.4/Dy.MRO. P.W.1
came out and gave the pre-arranged signal. Immediately, all the
trap party members rushed to the room of the appellant. P.W.7
disclosed his identity to the appellant and P.W.3. The test on the
hands of both the appellant and P.W.3 turned positive. When P.W.7
enquired about the amount, the appellant produced an amount of
Rs.300/- and informed that he gave Rs.200/- to P.W.3 towards the
hand loan. P.W.7 enquired P.W.3, who informed that he paid the
amount to P.W.4. Post-trap proceedings were conducted under
Ex.P5. P.W.7 instructed P.Ws.5 and 8, along with the Inspector, to
go to the residence of P.W.4/Dy.MRO for the recovery of the amount
of Rs.200/-. By the time they reached, P.W.4 was not available at
his residence. On contacting P.W.4, he came to his house at 8.30
p.m. Though the sodium carbonate test was conducted on the
hands of P.W.4, the same turned negative. However, his right-side
pant pocket and the car steering yielded positive results. When the
trap party enquired P.W.4 about the Rs.200/-, he informed that he
had thrown the amount along with his money in the Musi river.
Though a search was conducted at the Musi river, the same could
not be recovered. All the events were recorded under Ex.P4, and
thereafter, they proceeded to the office of MRO, Himayathnagar.
P.W.7 seized the attendance register/Ex.P8, Ex.P3, Ex.P10/pahani
copies, and also prepared a rough sketch under Ex.P9.
5. During the course of the investigation, P.W.7 examined P.Ws.1
and 2, and recorded their statements. Further, the investigation
was handed over to P.W.8, who concluded the investigation, and
filed a charge sheet on 29.06.2005, after obtaining the sanction
orders under Ex.P8.
6. The trial Court examined P.Ws.1 to 8, and Exs.P1 to P10 and
MOs.1 to 16 were marked on behalf of the prosecution. D.Ws.1 and
2 were examined on behalf of the defence, and Ex.D1, a copy of the
complaint dated 04.11.2003, was marked.
7. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant would
submit that there was no official work pending with the appellant;
as such, the question of demanding a bribe does not arise. P.W.1
has given two complaints, one is Ex.P1 and the other is Ex.D1. The
amount mentioned in Ex.D1 is Rs.1,000/-, whereas in Ex.P1, it is
mentioned as Rs.500/-. The bribe amount of Rs.300/- only was
recovered on the date of the trap, and the remaining amount of
Rs.200/- was not recovered. It is the prosecution case that P.W.4
threw the amount in the Musi river. Learned counsel, in support of
his contentions, relied upon the following judgments: i) C.M.Girish
Babu v. CBI, Cochin, High Court of Kerala 1 , ii) Punjabrao v.
State of Maharashtra2, and iii) Hari Dev Sharma v. State (Delhi
Administration)3.
8. On the other hand, the learned Special Public Prosecutor for
ACB would submit that work was pending with the appellant, as
the copies were not furnished to P.W.1. After the amount was
handed over to the appellant in the presence of the independent
witness-P.W.2, an amount of Rs.200/- was given to P.W.4. The said
(2009) 3 Supreme Court Cases 779
(2002) 10 Supreme Court Cases 371
(1977) 3 Supreme Court Cases 352
events that transpired on the trap date clearly indicate the role of
the appellant in demanding and accepting the bribe amount.
9. The defence of the appellant is that the work of issuing copies
was never entrusted to him, and it was P.W.4-Deputy MRO who
was responsible. Even on the trap date, the amount was not given
to him. On the date of the demand, i.e., on 03.11.2003, the
appellant was on leave. In fact, the trap was laid for P.W.4, and on
the date of the trap, Rs.300/- was given by P.W.3 towards the
repayment of a loan taken from him earlier, which he kept in his
pant pocket. However, when the said version was stated to the DSP,
the same was not recorded in the post-trap proceedings.
10. Having gone through the record, according to Ex.P8-
attendance register, the appellant was on leave on 03.11.2003. In
the present case, two complaints were brought on record, i.e., Ex.P1
and Ex.D1. The signature on both the complaints are admitted by
P.W.1. In Ex.P1, the bribe amount is mentioned as Rs.500/-,
whereas in Ex.D1, it is mentioned as Rs.1,000/-. The date on Ex.D1
is 04.11.2003, and Ex.P1 is dated 03.11.2003.
11. P.W.1 admitted that he gave Ex.D1 on 04.11.2003. The
complaint Ex.P1 was already given on 03.11.2003. No reason is
given as to why another complaint, Ex.D1, was given on
04.11.2003.
12. P.W.2 is the accompanying witness. According to the case of
the prosecution, after the pre-trap proceedings in the ACB office,
while they were going to the office of the appellant, the trap party
picked up P.W.2, who was standing at the bus stop of Gandhi
Bhavan. According to P.W.2, one ACB constable met him at 2.15
p.m, and he was taken to the ACB office at 4.15 p.m. The first
mediators' report/Ex.P2 was drafted at 4.00 p.m on 04.11.2003.
However, the name of P.W.2 is not mentioned in Ex.P2. According
to P.W.2, he stayed with the trap party until 2.00 a.m the next day.
It is not known why P.W.2 was picked up from the bus stand when
the DSP had sent for two mediators, P.W.5 and another.
13. According to the prosecution case, L.W.7, namely C.Rajender,
was enlisted as a witness for the prosecution. According to him, he
was a circumstantial witness and spoke about the presence of the
ACB officials in the office on the trap date and also the test
conducted on the hands of the appellant. He was given up by the
prosecution, and the appellant examined him as D.W.1. D.W.1
stated that around 5.00 or 5.30 p.m, he went to the MRO office to
verify about his application. While he was talking about the
application, P.W.3 came there, and handed over Rs.300/- to the
appellant, who kept the same in his pocket. Ten minutes thereafter,
some ACB personnel entered the office, and the appellant informed
them that P.W.3 had given the said amount.
14. The version of the prosecution is that Rs.500/- was demanded
by the appellant on the date of the trap. After Rs.500/- was handed
over to the appellant, P.W.3 met the appellant and asked for
Rs.200/-. P.W.3 took Rs.200/- from the appellant and paid it to
P.W.4. According to P.W.4, P.W.3 had earlier taken a loan of
Rs.200/-.
15. On the date of the trap, according to the DSP/P.W.7, when he
entered the office of the appellant, he questioned the appellant. The
appellant, having admitted receiving the amount, informed the DSP
that out of the bribe amount of Rs.500/-, Rs.200/- was given to
P.W.3. P.W.3 was also summoned. His hands were tested for the
presence of phenolphthalein powder, which proved positive. Prior to
testing P.W.3's hands, appellant's hands were also tested for the
presence of phenolphthalein powder, and the test on both hands
proved positive.
16. According to P.W.3, he informed that he handed over Rs.200/-
to P.W.4. When P.W.4 had left for his house, P.W.5, who is the
mediator, Inspector/P.W.8-Muthyam Reddy, and Inspector Krishna
went to the residence of P.W.4.
17. According to P.W.4, he took Rs.200/- from P.W.3, and left
from the office after 6.30 p.m. He went to Chikkadpally, and around
7.30 p.m, P.W.3 called P.W.4 to come to the office. By the time he
returned, he stated that he stopped at Moosarambagh river and
attended to nature's calls, and the amount could not be found. The
test on the steering and pant pocket proved positive.
18. The appellant entered the witness box and examined himself
as D.W.2. In his statement before the Court, he stated that on the
date of the trap, he returned to the office around 5.30 p.m, and he
found D.W.1 and another. While they were in the office, P.W.3 met
him and handed over Rs.300/-, and informed that he was repaying
the amount borrowed from him as a hand loan. Immediately, the
ACB officials entered the office, and the pahanies and other relevant
documents were not seized from him or at his instance. Though the
DSP made efforts to search for the documents in the office, but
nothing was found.
19. P.W.5-independent mediator stated in his 'further chief-
examination' that two persons took out Ex.P3 file from a box, and
he could not remember who those two persons were. The witness
was allowed to peruse the post-trap proceedings in the Court, and
after going through the post-trap proceedings, he stated that it was
the appellant who produced the Ex.P3 file. Further, along with
Ex.P3, the appellant also produced pahani patrika-Ex.P10.
20. Learned Special Judge had committed an error in permitting
P.W.5 to go through the second mediators' report after he deposed
that he does not remember who produced Exs.P3 and P10. During
the post-trap proceedings, the events that transpired on the trap
date are reflected in the post-trap proceedings. The appellant has
disputed the second mediators' report, stating that it is a false
document and the exact version was not reflected in the second
mediators' report. The second mediators' report further contains the
statements of the witnesses, which are the "earlier statements of
the witnesses".
21. A witness can refresh his memory by going through the earlier
panchanama or proceedings drafted, which is admissible under
Section 159 of the Indian Evidence Act. However, such reference
cannot be to the prejudice of an accused. P.W.5 was examined in
chief on 27.04.2010. Thereafter, he was cross-examined on the
same day by the appellant. The witness was again recalled on
30.08.2010, and 'further chief-examination' was taken up. Initially,
the witness stated that he did not remember who produced Ex.P3
file from the box. However, the witness was permitted to peruse the
post-trap proceedings, and later, he deposed that the appellant
produced Ex.P3 file and also pahani patrikas-Ex.P10.
22. Sections 137 and 138 of the Indian Evidence Act read as
follows:
137. Examination-in-chief.
"The examination of a witness by the party who calls him shall be
called his examination-in-chief .Cross-examination - The examination of a
witness by the adverse party shall be called his cross-examination. Re-
examination. - The examination of a witness, subsequent to the cross-
examination by the party who called him, shall be called his re-
examination."
138. Order of examinations.
"Witnesses shall be first examined-in-chief then (if the adverse party
so desires) cross-examined, then (if the party calling him so desires) re-
examined. The examination and cross-examination must relate to relevant
facts, but the cross-examination need not be confined to the facts to which
the witness testified on his examination-in-chief. Direction of re-
examination. - The re-examination shall be directed to the explanation of the
matters referred to in cross-examination; and, if new matter is, by
permission of the Court, introduced in re-examination, the adverse party
may further cross-examine upon that matter."
23. Under Sections 137 and 138 of the Indian Evidence Act, once
the chief-examination is complete, the witness can be cross-
examined. Thereafter, the examination of a witness subsequent to
the cross-examination would be re-examination. The re-
examination can only be for the purpose of explaining the matters
referred to in the cross-examination. Only in the event of a new
matter being introduced by the permission of the Court during re-
examination, would the adverse party have the opportunity to
further cross-examine the witness.
24. As seen from Sections 137 and 138 of the Indian Evidence Act,
once the examination-in-chief is complete, the question of 'further
chief-examination' does not arise. The course adopted by the
prosecution and permitted by the Court is not in accordance with
the Evidence Act. The prosecution cannot adopt the method of
further chief-examination to fill in other lacunae, and the scope of
re-examination is confined. To overcome such confined scope of re-
examination, permitting the prosecution to conduct further chief-
examination is not the procedure that can be followed and is
contradictory to the scheme of examination of witnesses under
Sections 137 and 138 of the Indian Evidence Act.
25. There are two versions, one presented by the prosecution,
which claims that there was a demand for Rs.500/- on the date of
the trap, and the other based on the account of eye-witness. On the
other hand, the defence of the appellant is that D.W.1-C.Rajener,
whose presence in the room of the appellant was admitted by the
prosecution witnesses, P.Ws.3 and 7, stated that P.W.3 entered the
chambers of the appellant and handed over Rs.300/- as repayment
for an earlier loan.
26. P.Ws.3 and 4 stated that Rs.200/- was taken by P.W.3 from
the appellant, and P.W.3 then handed it over to P.W.4, but this
amount was not recovered. These circumstances create doubt
regarding the correctness of the prosecution version, especially
when P.W.1 admits to submitting two complaints-Ex.P1, which
reflects a demand of Rs.500/- by the appellant, and Ex.D1, which
mentions a demand of Rs.1,000/-, but was suppressed by the
prosecution. Several discrepancies and inconsistencies in the
prosecution case have raised doubts about the manner in which the
trap was laid, as well as the events on the trap day. No reasons
were given as to why independent mediator-P.W.5 or the other
witness, whose presence was secured for the purpose of the trap
proceedings, were not asked to accompany P.W.1 to witness what
transpired between P.W.1 and the appellant. As already discussed,
in view of Exs.P1 and D1 being admitted by P.W.1, the demand for
the bribe itself becomes doubtful. The recovery is only partially
done, and the explanation given by P.W.4 regarding the missing of
the Rs.200/- bribe amount is also questionable. Accordingly,
benefit of doubt is extended to the appellant.
27. In the result, the judgment of the trial Court in C.C.No.43 of
2005 dated 07.12.2010 is set aside, and the appellant is acquitted.
Since the appellant is on bail, his bail bonds shall stand
discharged.
28. Accordingly, Criminal Appeal is allowed.
__________________
K.SURENDER, J
Date: 02.04.2025
kvs
